Master Anatomy Muscle Chart PDF

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Summary

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Description

Muscle name

Origin

Insertion

Blood supply

Innervation

Action

Extra/how to test

Trapezius

Medial nuchal line and ligament, external occipital protuberance, spinous processes of C7-T12

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Transverse cervical a.

CN XI (Spinal Accessory n.)

Elevates, retracts, & rotates scapula

Extrinsic muscle, Superficial layer

Latissimus dorsi

Spinous processes of T7-T12, thoracolumbar/dorsa l fascia, iliac crest, last 3-4 ribs (ribs 912) Transverse processes of C1-4 (all other muscles are attached to the spinous processes) Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T1

Intertubercular groove of humerus

Thoracodorsal a.

Thoracodorsal n.

Extend/adducts/ medially rotates humerus

Extrinsic muscle, Superficial layer “Swimmers’ muscle”

Medial border of scapula

Dorsal Scapular a

Dorsal Scapular n. (C3-C4)

Elevates & inferiorly rotates scapula

Extrinsic muscle Superficial layer

Medial border of scapula

Dorsal Scapular a

Dorsal Scapular n.

Retract & inferiorly rotate scapula

Extrinsic muscle Superficial layer

Rhomboid Major

Spinous processes of T2-T5

Medial border of scapula

Dorsal Scapular a

Dorsal Scapular n.

Retract & inferiorly rotates scapula

Extrinsic muscle Superficial layer

Serratus Posterior Superior

Ligamentum nuchae spinous process of C7-T3

Superior border of ribs 2-4

Intercostal a.

Intercostal n. (T1T4)

Elevates ribs

Extrinsic muscle Intermediate layer

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Spinous processes of T11-L2

Inferior border of ribs 9-12

Inte rcostal a.

Intercostal n.(T9-T 12)

Depresses ribs

Extrinsic muscle Intermediate layer

Levator scapulae

Rhomboid Minor

TRIANGLE OF AUSCULTATION - Borders: Latissimus Dorsi Trapeziun Rhomboid Major - Roof: Skin - Contents: Serratus Posterior Superior

LUMBAR TRIANGLE - Borders: Latissimus Dorsi External Abd. Oblique Illiac Crest - Roof: Skin - Contents: Internal Abdominal Oblique

Gross Anatomy

Muscle name Splenius (Capitis & Cervicis)

Origin Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T4

Insertion

Blood supply

Innervation

Action

Extra/how to test

Gross Anatomy

Capitis: Mastiod process of emporal bone, superior nuchal line Cervicis: transverse processes of C1C4 Lumborum, thoracis, cervicis, lower ribs & cervical transverse processes (ribs)

Capitis: Occipital a.

Posterior rami of spinal n.

Lateral flexion of neck ipsilateral, rotate head to side of active muscles

Intrinsic muscle Deep layer

Intercostal and lumbar a.

Posterior rami of spinal n.

Extend, rotate, and laterally flex the vertebral column and head.

I

Thoracis, cervicis, capitis, fibers run superiorly to ribs between tubercles & angle to transverse processes Thoracis, cervitis, capitis, fibers run superiorly to spinous processes

Lateral Sacral a.

Posterior rami of spinal n.

Extend, rotate, and laterally flex the vertebral column and head.

Intrinsic muscle Deep layer Erector Spinae ES group most injured in back straining Intrinsic muscle Deep layer Erector Spinae

Lateral Sacral a.

Posterior rami of spinal n.

Extend, rotate, and laterally flex the vertebral column and head.

Intrinsic muscle Deep layer Erector Spinae

Standing

Cervicis: Intercostal a. and Occipital a.

Iliocostalis

Sacrum, ilium, ribs, & spinous processes of lumbar & lower thoracic vertebrae

Longissimus

Sacrum, ilium, ribs, & spinous processes of lumbar & lower thoracic vertebrae

Spinalis

Sacrum, ilium, ribs, & spinous processes of lumbar & lower thoracic vertebrae

Semispinalis Capitis

Transverse processes

Into the skull, runs entire length of spinal chord

Greater Occipital n.

Helps maintain posture Extend & rotate head, neck, and trunk

Intrinsic muscle Deep layer Transversospinalis Roof of sub occipital triangle

Multifidus

Sacrum, ilium, and transverse processes

Spinous processes, runs entire length of spinal chord

Posterior rami of spinal n.

Helps maintain posture Extend & rotate head, neck, and trunk

Intrinsic muscle Deep layer Transversospinalis

Rotatores

Transverse processes

Spinous processes two vertebrae above longus and one vertebra above brevis

Posterior rami of spinal n.

Helps maintain posture, extend & rotate head, neck, and trunk

Intrinsic muscle Deep layer Transversospinalis

Like

Runs entire length of spinal column

Muscle name Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Origin Spine of axis (spinous process of C2) Posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C1

Obliquus Capitis Superior Obliquus Capitis inferior Deltoid

Transverse process of C1

Insertion Lateral portion of inferior nuchal line Medial part of inferior nuchal line Occipital bone

Blood supply Suboccipital triangle Roof: Semispinalis Capitis Content: Vertebral a. Suboccipital n. Floor: Posterior arch of C1, supraspinous ligament

Innervation

Action

Suboccipital n. (C1)

Extends neck and rotates to same side

Suboccipital n. (C1)

Extension of neck

Suboccipital n. (C1)

Extension of neck, lateral flexion

Suboccipital N. (C1)

Extension of neck, lateral flexion

Extra/how to test Suboccipital Triangle medial border Suboccipital Triangle Suboccipital Triangle lateral border Suboccipital Triangle inferior border To test: abduct arm against resistance(start with arm at 15) To test: abducted arm is adducted against resistance

Posterior tubercle of posterior arch of C2

Transverse process of C1

Clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Posterior Circumflex Humeral a.

Axillary n.

Abduct arm (after initial 15), flexion extension

Teres major

Posterior aspect of the inferior angle of the scapula

Medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Subscapular a. & circumflex scapular a.

Lower subscapular n. (C5, C6)

Adduct arm, medially rotate arm

Teres minor

Lateral border of the scapula

Inferior facet of greater tubercle of the humerus

Posterior circumflex humeral & circumflex scapular a.

Axillary n. (C5, C6)

Laterally rotates arm, holds humeral head in glenoid fossa

Rotator Cuff T.I.S.S. Muscles

Infraspinatus

Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Middle facet of greater tubercle of the humerus

Suprascapular & Circumflex scapular a.

Suprascapular n. (C5, C6)

Laterally rotates arm, holds humeral head in glenoid

Supraspinatus

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Subscapular fossa

Lesser tubercle of humerus

Suprascapular n. (C4-C6) *nerve goes under superior transverse scapular ligament (navy under) Upper & Lower subscapular n. (C5, C6, C7)

Abduct arm (initial 15), holds humeral head in glenoid

Subscapularis

Suprascapular a. *artery goes over superior transverse scapular ligament (army over) Transverse cervical & subscapular a.

To test: Flex elbow with arm adducted, ask patient to rotate laterally against resistance To test: abduct arm from fully adducted position

medially rotates humerus, holds humeral head in glenoid

Gross Anatomy

Muscle name

Origin

Insertion

Blood supply

Innervation

Action

Pectoralis major

Clavicular head: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle. Sternocostal head: anterior surface of the sternum

Intertubercular groove of the humerus

Pectoral branch, Thoracoacromial a.

Lateral and medial pectoral n.

Clavicular head: flexes the humerus Sternocostal head: extend the humerus Both adducts and medially rotates the humerus and draw scapula anteriorly and inferiorly.

Pectoralis minor

3rd to 5th ribs, near their costal cartilages

Coracoid process of the scapula

Pectoral branch, thoracoacromial a.

Medial pectoral n. (C8, T1)

Serratus anterior

Outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs

Anterior aspect of medial margin of the scapula

Long thoracic n. (C5, C6, C7)

Subclavius

First rib

Subclavian groove of clavicle

Biceps brachii

Short head: coracoid process of the scapula. Long head: supraglenoid tubercle

Radial tuberosity and bicipittal aponeurosis

Lateral thoracic a. (upper part), thoracodorsal a. (lower part) Claviculat branch, thoracoacrimial a. Brachial a.

Stabilizes the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall. Protracts and stabilizes scapula.

Coracobrachi alis

Coracoid process of scapula

Medial humerus

Brachialis

Anterior surface of the distal humerus,

Triceps brachii

Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula medial and lateral head: posterior humerus

Extra/how to test

Gross Anatomy

Clavical head: abduct arm 90° move arm anteriorly with resistance. Sternoclavical head: abduct arm 60° adduct against resistance.

Pressing against a wall with an outstreached limb

Subclavian n.

Depression of clavicle

Musculocutaneous n. (C5–C7)

Flexes elbow and supinates forearm

flex the elbow against resistance with the forearm supinated/ bicipital myotatic reflex

Brachial a.

Musculocutaneous n. (C5-C7)

Adducts humerus , flexes the arm at glenohumeral joint

Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity

Radial recurrent a.

Musculocutaneous n.

Flexion at elbow joint

Flex the elbow against resistance with forearm semi supinated Flex the elbow against resistance with forearm semi supinated

Olecranon process of ulna

Profunda brachii a.

Radial n.

Extends forearm, and dducts shoulder (long head)

abduct arm 90° and flex forearm and try to extend forearm against resistance

INTERVALS AND SPACES Triangular space – Bordered by Teres major, Teres minor and Triceps brachii (long head), contains Circumflex scapular a. Quadrangular space – Bordered by Teres major, Teres minor, Triceps Brachii (long head) and humerus. Contains Axillaryn. and Posterior circumflex humeral a. Triangular interval – Bordered by Teres major, Triceps Brachii (long head) and humerus, contains the Radial n. and the Profunda Brachii a.

Muscle name

Origin

Anconeus

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Pronator teres

humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)

Flexor carpi radialis

Insertion

Blood supply

Innervation

Action Assists in extension of the forearm. Stabilizes the elbow during pronation and supination pronation of forearm, flexes elbow

Extra/how to test

Lateral surface of the olecranon process and the superior part of the posterior ulna radius

Profunda brachii a, Recurrent interosseous a.

Radial n. (C7 - T1)

ulnar artery and radial artery

median nerve

Bases of second and third metacarpal bones

ulnar artery

Median nerve

Flexion and abduction at wrist

flex the wrist against resistance to palpate tendon

flex the wrist against resistance to palpate tendon

Flexor carpi ulnaris

medial epicondyle (common flexor tendon)

pisiform (The pisiform bone is found in the proximal row of the carpus)

ulnar artery

muscular branches of ulnar nerve

flexion of wrist

Palmaris longus

medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)

palmar aponeurosis (invests the muscles of the palm)

ulnar artery

median nerve

wrist flexor

flexor digitorum superficillis

medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon) as well as parts of the radius and ulna.

ulnar artery

median nerve

flexor of fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints)

Cubital Fossa Borders: Medial and lateral epicondilar parallel line, pronator teres and brachioradialis. Roof: Skin, bicipital aponeurosis, brachial/antebrachial fascia Contents: Superficial: Median Cubital v, Lateral and Medial cutaneous n. of forearm. Deep: Biceps brachii tenson, Brachial a. and Median n. (TAN) Floor: Brachialis and Supinator m.

pronate the flexed supine forearm against resistance

flex one finger at the middle phalanx

Gross Anatomy

Muscle name

Origin

Insertion

Blood supply

Innervation

Action

Extra/how to test

Flexor digitorum profundus

ulna

distal phalanges

anterior interosseous artery

median (anterior interosseous), muscular branches of ulnar

flex hand, interphalangeal joints

hold finger to extended position, flex distal phalax of index and little fingers

Flexor pollicis longus

The middle 2/4 of the volar surface of the radius and the adjacent interosseus membrane

The base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

Anterior interosseus artery

Anterior interosseous nerve

Flexion of the thumb

hold proximan phalanx of thumb, flex distal phalax

Pronator quadratus

medial, anterior surface of the ulna

lateral, anterior surface of the radius

anterior interosseous artery

median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)

pronates the forearm

Brachioradia lis

Lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus

Distal radius (Radial styloid process)

radial recurrent artery

radial nerve

Flexion of forearm

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Common extensor tendon (lateral epicondyle), ulna

5th metacarpal

ulnar artery

the posterior interosseus nerve, a branch of the radial nerve

extends and adducts the wrist

Extensor carpi radialis longus

lateral supracondylar ridge

2nd metacarpal

radial artery

radial nerve

extensor at the wrist joint, abducts the hand at the wrist

flex elbow with forearm in midprone position

Gross Anatomy

Muscle name

Origin

Insertion

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

humerus at the anterior of lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)

base of the 3rd metacarpal

Extensor digitorum

lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)

middle and distal phalanges

Supinator

Lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament

Lateral proximal radial shaft

Extensor pollicis longus

ulna

Extensor pollicis brevis

Abductor pollicis longus

Blood supply radial artery

Innervation

Action

deep branch of the radial nerve

extensor and abductor of the hand at the wrist joint

posterior interosseous nerve

extension of hand, wrist and fingers

Radial recurrent artery

deep branch of radial nerve

Supinates forearm

thumb, distal phalanx

posterior interosseous artery

posterior interosseus nerve (branching from the radial nerve)

extension of the thumb (metacarpophalange al and interphalangeal)

radius

thumb, proximal phalanx

posterior interosseous artery

posterior interosseous nerve

extension of thumb at metacarpophalangea l joint

ulna, radial styloid process

first metacarpal

Posterior interosseous artery

Posterior interosseous nerve

abduction, extension of thumb

Extra/how to test

keep proximal phalanges extended while someone else tries to flex them against resistance

Gross Anatomy

Muscle name

Origin

Insertion

Abductor pollicis brevis

Transverse carpal ligament, the scaphoid and trapezium

Radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and the thumb extensors

Superficial palmar arch

Median nerve

Abduction of the thumb. It also assists in opposition and extension of the thumb

Flexor pollicis brevis

trapezoid, flexor retinaculum

thumb, proximal phalanx

Superficial palmar arch

median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head)

Flexes the thumb at the first metacarpophalangea l joint

Opponens pollicis

trapezium and transverse carpal ligament

metacarpal bone of the thumb on its radial side

median nerve

Adductor pollicis

Transverse head: anterior body of the third metacarpal Oblique head: second and the third metacarpals and the adjacent trapezoid and capitate bones pisiform

medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb and the ulnar sesamoid

deep branch of the ulnar nerve (T1)

Flexion of the thumb's metacarpal at the first carpometacarpal joint, which aids in opposition of the thumb adducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint

base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit on the ulnar or medial side

ulnar artery

deep branch of ulnar nerve

Abducts little finger

hamate bone

little finger

ulnar artery

deep branch of ulnar nerve

flexes little finger

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