MCQChapter 06-Sensation PDF

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1

Normal visual sensation perception is best illustrated by

complete visual

 . (True Answer )Correct face blindness  synaesthesia. Incorrect kết hợp  tinnitus. Incorrect  sensory interaction. Incorrect 2

The process of receiving and representing stimulus energies by the nervous system is called    

3

priming. Incorrect synaesthesia. Incorrect accommodation. Incorrect s . (True Answer )Correct

Perception is the process by which  stimulus energies are detected. Incorrect  stimulus energies are transformed into neural activity. Incorrect  (True Answer )Correct  nerve cells respond to specific features of a stimulus. Incorrect

4

Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.  encoding; detection Incorrect  (True Answer )Correct  interpretation; organization Incorrect  organization; accommodation Incorrect

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Hearing a sequence of sounds of different pitches is to ________ as recognizing the sound sequence as a familiar melody is to ________.  absolute threshold; difference threshold Incorrect  sensory interaction; feature detection Incorrect  feature detection; sensory interaction Incorrect  (True Answer )Correct

6

Bottom-up processing involves analysis that begins with the  optic nerve. Incorrect  . (True Answer )Correct

 cerebral cortex. Incorrect  feature detectors. Incorrect 7

Information processing guided by higher-level mental processes are called  prosopagnosia. Incorrect  sensory interaction. Incorrect  . (True Answer )Correct  synaesthesia. Incorrect

8

Berdine has developed cataracts in both eyes, preventing her from being able to identify even her mother's face. Berdine most clearly suffers a deficiency in  the optic nerve. Incorrect Vì eye = sensory organ —> Prosopagnosia  accommodation. Incorrect  . (True Answer )Correct  kinesthesis. Incorrect

9

Patients who have about the outcome of a surgical procedure may experience increased postoperative pain. This best illustrates the importance of

from the brain

 accommodation. Incorrect  sensory adaptation. Incorrect  difference thresholds. Incorrect  . (True Answer )Correct 10

Three steps that are basic to all sensory systems include the ________ of information to the brain.  proximity, closure, and continuity Incorrect  (True Answer )Correct  priming, grouping, and parallel processing Incorrect  feature detection, interposition, and sensory adaptation Incorrect

11

Which of the following represents the very first of three steps basic to all sensory systems?  forming perceptual sets Incorrect  delivering neural information to the brain Incorrect  (True Answer )Correct  transforming stimulus energies into neural impulses Incorrect

12

The process by which our sensory systems transform stimulus energies into neural impulses is called  priming. Incorrect  sensory adaptation. Incorrect  . (True Answer )Correct  accommodation. Incorrect

13

Nociceptors trigger neural impulses in response to a sprain or a burn. This illustrates  tinnitus. Incorrect  . (True Answer )Correct  psychokinesis. Incorrect  perceptual adaptation. Incorrect

14

= Transforming —> Loại suy

The study of relationships between the of stimuli and our psychological experience of them is called  transduction. Incorrect  Gestalt psychology. Incorrect  (True Answer )Correct  parapsychology. Incorrect

15

A psychophysicist would be most directly concerned with  our psychological reactions to physical stress. Incorrect  the effects of heredity on the endocrine system. Incorrect  the effect of neurotransmitters on depression. Incorrect  . (True Answer )Correct physical characteristics

16

The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time is called the  critical period. Incorrect  just noticeable difference. Incorrect  perceptual set. Incorrect  . (True Answer )Correct

17

During a hearing test, many sounds were presented at such a low level of intensity that Mr. Antall could hardly detect them. These sounds were below Mr. Antall's  perceptual set. Incorrect

 absolute threshold. (True Answer )Correct  vestibular sense. Incorrect  difference threshold. Incorrect 18

If a partially deaf person's hearing ability ________, his or her absolute threshold for sound ________.    

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improves; remains unchanged Incorrect worsens; decreases Incorrect worsens; remains unchanged Incorrect improves; decreases (True Answer )Correct

Which when we will first notice a faint stimulus presented amid competing background stimulation?  place theory Incorrect  frequency theory Incorrect  (True Answer )Correct  Young-Helmholtz theory Incorrect

20

Which that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds?  (True Answer )Correct  frequency theory Incorrect  opponent-process theory Incorrect  place theory Incorrect

21

Which that watching a horror movie late at night could lower your absolute threshold for sound as you subsequently tried to fall asleep?  place theory Incorrect  opponent-process theory Incorrect  frequency theory Incorrect  (True Answer )Correct

22

Lonely, anxious people at speed-dating events respond with a ________ threshold, and thus tend to be ________ in reaching out to potential dates.  (True Answer )Correct  high; unselective Incorrect  low; overly selective Incorrect  high; overly selective Incorrect

23

Priming refers to the activation of certain  blind spots. Incorrect  hair cells. Incorrect  nociceptors. Incorrect  . (True Answer )Correct

24

In experiments, an image is quickly flashed and then replaced by a masking stimulus that inhibits conscious perception of the original image. In these experiments, the researchers are studying the effects of  accommodation. Incorrect Priming is the unconsciously activation of certain associations,  tinnitus. Incorrect thus predisposing one’s perception, memory or response  . (True Answer )Correct  blindsight. Incorrect

25

After a photo of man or woman was flashed and immediately masked before being perceived, people's attention was unconsciously drawn to images in a way that reflected their  precognition. Incorrect  retinal disparity. Incorrect  . (True Answer )Correct  vestibular sense. Incorrect

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People's response to

indicates that

Subliminal is below the absolute’s threshold for consious awareness

 . (True Answer )Correct  their unconscious minds are incapable of resisting subliminally presented suggestions. Incorrect  they are more sensitive to subliminal sounds than to subliminal sights. Incorrect  they experience a sense of discomfort whenever they are exposed to subliminal stimuli. Incorrect 27

A subliminal message is one that is presented  . (True Answer )Correct  in a manner that is unconsciously persuasive. Incorrect  with very soft background music. Incorrect

 repetitiously. Incorrect 28

presented  (True Answer )Correct  effectively influence purchases of consumer goods. Incorrect  increase our absolute thresholds for visual images. Incorrect  are usually mentally processed as completely as any other stimuli. Incorrect

29

Which of the following strategies best illustrates the use of ? ble verbal warning against shoplifting is repeated frequently. (True Answer )Correct  The laughter of a studio audience is dubbed into the soundtrack of a televised situation comedy. Incorrect  A radio advertiser repeatedly smacks her lips before biting into a candy bar. Incorrect  An unseen television narrator repeatedly suggests that you are thirsty while a cold drink is visually displayed on the screen. Incorrect

30

Experiments evaluating the impact of recordings for improving memory indicated that they    

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The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time is called    

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interfere with people's capacity for sensory adaptation. Incorrect did not help more than a placebo. (True Answer )Correct improve people's capacity for parallel processing. Incorrect have a positive long-lasting impact on people's health. Incorrect

retinal disparity. Incorrect the absolute threshold. Incorrect perceptual set. Incorrect the just noticeable difference. (True Answer )Correct

Jennifer can tune her guitar more effectively than Maria because Jennifer is better at detecting whether specific strings are playing too sharp or too flat. With respect to tone sensitivity, Maria apparently has a ________ threshold than does Jennifer.

   

lower absolute Incorrect higher absolute Incorrect smaller difference Incorrect larger difference (True Answer )Correct

33

The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as  the opponent-process theory. Incorrect  Weber's law. (True Answer )Correct  feature detection. Incorrect  sensory interaction. Incorrect

34

Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier. This best illustrates  the opponent-process theory. Incorrect  the McGurk effect. Incorrect  sensory adaptation. Incorrect  Weber's law. (True Answer )Correct

35

Sensory adaptation refers to  the process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural impulses. Incorrect  diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus. (True Answer )Correct  the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. Incorrect  changes in the shape of the lens as it focuses on objects. Incorrect

36

After listening to your high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates  Weber's law. Incorrect  accommodation. Incorrect  sensory adaptation. (True Answer )Correct  the volley principle. Incorrect

37

The constant quivering movements of our eyes enable us to

    38

focus the light on our retina. Incorrect adjust the size of the pupil. Incorrect minimize sensory adaptation. (True Answer )Correct do all of these things. Incorrect

A perceptual set is a  tendency to fill in gaps to perceive a complete, whole object. Incorrect  readiness to judge an object as larger than it is. Incorrect  tendency to view objects high in our field of vision as closer than they are. Incorrect  mental predisposition that influences what we perceive. (True Answer )Correct

39

After learning that her new college roommate had experienced several episodes of depression during her high school years, Erin incorrectly perceived her roommate's laughter as artificial and phony. This best illustrates the impact of  interposition. Incorrect  perceptual set. (True Answer )Correct  clairvoyance. Incorrect  the phi phenomenon. Incorrect

40

When researchers added a few drops of vinegar to a brandname beer, the beer tasters disliked it only if they had been told they were drinking vinegar-laced beer. This best illustrates the impact of  kinesthesis. Incorrect  interposition. Incorrect  perceptual set. (True Answer )Correct  the McGurk effect. Incorrect

41

After hearing rumors about the outbreak of an infectious disease, Alyosha began to perceive his normal aches and pains as disease-related symptoms. His reaction best illustrates the impact of  the McGurk effect. Incorrect  sensory adaptation. Incorrect  psychokinesis. Incorrect  perceptual set. (True Answer )Correct

42

The tendency to perceive a moving light in the night sky as belonging to an airplane rather than a weather balloon best illustrates the impact of  kinesthesis. Incorrect  retinal disparity. Incorrect  perceptual set. (True Answer )Correct  the phi phenomenon. Incorrect

43

A concept that helps us to interpret ambiguous sensations is called a    

44

gestalt. Incorrect schema. (True Answer )Correct feature detector. Incorrect masking stimulus. Incorrect

The influence of schemas on our interpretations of ambiguous sensations best illustrates    

shape constancy. Incorrect top-down processing. (True Answer )Correct psychokinesis. Incorrect the phi phenomenon. Incorrect

45

Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethnic groups. A stereotype is most similar to a  feature detector. Incorrect  perceptual adaptation. Incorrect  perceptual set. (True Answer )Correct  difference threshold. Incorrect

46

Visual perceptions of objects often change when the objects are viewed in different surroundings. This best illustrates    

47

blindsight. Incorrect Weber's law. Incorrect context effects. (True Answer )Correct retinal disparity. Incorrect

Although Sue Yen sees her chemistry professor several times a week, she didn't recognize the professor when she saw her in the grocery store. This best illustrates the importance of  relative luminance. Incorrect

 context effects. (True Answer )Correct  interposition. Incorrect  perceptual adaptation. Incorrect 48

When Rick learned that many students had received a failing grade on the midterm exam, he was no longer disappointed by his C grade. His experience best illustrates the importance of  perceptual adaptation. Incorrect  linear perspective. Incorrect  context effects. (True Answer )Correct  interposition. Incorrect

49

The horizon Moon appears to shrink in size if it is viewed through a narrow tube that eliminates the perception of distance cues. This best illustrates the importance of  perceptual adaptation. Incorrect  stroboscopic movement. Incorrect  context effects. (True Answer )Correct  sensory interaction. Incorrect

50

While listening to sad rather than happy music, people are more likely to perceive a spoken work as mourning rather than morning. This best illustrates that perception is influenced by    

51

To those throwing a very heavy rather than a light object at a target, the target is likely to be perceived as    

52

synaesthesia. Incorrect the phi phenomenon. Incorrect linear perspective. Incorrect top-down processing. (True Answer )Correct

softer. Incorrect slower moving. Incorrect larger. Incorrect farther away. (True Answer )Correct

If rewards were linked to seeing farm animals rather than sea animals, viewers tended to perceive a horse after exposure to an ambiguous horse/seal figure. This illustrates the impact of ________ on perception.  subliminal stimulation Incorrect  sensory adaptation Incorrect  critical periods Incorrect

 motivation (True Answer )Correct 53

Humans experience the longest visible electromagnetic waves as the color ________ and the shortest visible waves as ________.    

54

Brightness is to intensity as hue is to    

55

blue-violet; red Incorrect red; green Incorrect red; blue-violet (True Answer )Correct black; white Incorrect

amplitude. Incorrect color. Incorrect pitch. Incorrect wavelength. (True Answer )Correct

The pupil is the  adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters. (True Answer )Correct  transparent structure that focuses light rays in a process called accommodation. Incorrect  light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing both rods and cones. Incorrect  central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster. Incorrect

56

Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina?    

57

accommodation of the lens Incorrect transduction of the blind spot Incorrect dilation of the pupil (True Answer )Correct sensory adaptation of feature detectors Incorrect

The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the    

iris. (True Answer )Correct retina. Incorrect optic nerve. Incorrect feature detectors. Incorrect

58

Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curve and thickness of the    

59

rods and cones. Incorrect lens. (True Answer )Correct bipolar cells. Incorrect optic nerve. Incorrect

Accommodation refers to the  diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus. Incorrect  quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation. Incorrect  process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural messages. Incorrect  process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina. (True Answer )Correct

60

Which of the following is the correct order in which the retina's neural layers process visual stimulation?  ganglion cells, rods and cones, bipolar cells Incorrect  rods and cones, ganglion cells, bipolar cells Incorrect  bipolar cells, ganglion cells, rods and cones Incorrect  rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells (True Answer )Correct

61

Which cells for visual processing are located closest to the back of the retina?    

62

ganglion cells Incorrect bipolar cells Incorrect rods and cones (True Answer )Correct feature detectors Incorrect

The axons of ganglion cells converge to form    

the basilar membrane. Incorrect bipolar cells. Incorrect the auditory nerve. Incorrect the optic nerve. (True Answer )Correct

63

The fovea refers to  the outer protective surface of the eye. Incorrect  a coiled, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear. Incorrect  an area of the thalamus that receives information from the optic nerve. Incorrect  the central focal point in the retina. (True Answer )Correct

64

The blind spot is located in the area of the retina    

65

The direct link between a single cone and a single ________ preserves the fine details in the cone's message.    

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rod Incorrect ganglion cell Incorrect blind spot Incorrect bipolar cell (True Answer )Correct

Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?    

67

called the fovea. Incorrect that contains rods but no cones. Incorrect where the optic nerve leaves the eye. (True Answer )Correct where bipolar cells connect with ganglion cells. Incorrect

rods Incorrect cones (True Answer )Correct bipolar cells Incorrect feature detectors Incorrect

Rods are  more light-sensitive and more color-sensitive than are cones. Incorrect  less light-sensitive and less color-sensitive than are cones. Incorrect  more light-sensitive and less color-sensitive than are cones. (True Answer )Correct  less light-sensitive and more color-sensitive than are cones. Incorrect

68

Damage to the fovea would probably have the LEAST effect on visual sensitivity to ________ stimuli.    
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