Medical Terminology notes Chapter 5 PDF

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Digestive System Digestive or Gastrointestinal (GI) system performs 4 main functions:  Ingestion: Food material taken into the mouth.  Digestion: Food is broken down and travels through the GI tract. -Digestive enzymes aid breakdown of the complex nutrients. - Proteins -> Amino acids - Sugars -> glucose - Fats -> fatty acids or triglycerides  Absorption: - Digested food passes into bloodstream through villi projections lining the small intestine. - Nutrients travel to all cells of the body - Cells burn nutrients to release energy stored in food  Elimination: - The body eliminates solid waste materials that can’t be absorbed into bloodstream - The large intestines concentrates feces - The wastes pass out of the body through the anus Dental Caries: tooth decay Herpetic stomatitis: inflammation of the mouth with the herpes virus Oral Leukoplakia: white plaques or patches Periodontal disease: inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth, and surrounding bone. Esophageal vertices: swollen, varicose veins at lower end of the esophagus Peptic ulcer: open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach Gastroesophalgeal reflux: solids and fluids Hemorrhoids: swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region Ileus: failure of the peristalsis resulting in obstruction of the intestines IBS: irritable bowel syndrome- group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress Ulcerative colitis: chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers Volvulus: twisting of the intestines on itself. Hernia: Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it. Anal fistula: abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus Colorectal cancer: adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both Crohns Disease: chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. Diverticulosis: Abnormal side pockets (outpunching’s in the intestinal wall) Cirrhosis: Chronic degenerative disease of the liver Cholelithaiasis: gallstones in the gallbladder Sign-what you can see Symptom- what the person says they have Anorexia: lack of appetite Ascites: Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Eructation: gas expelled from the stomach though the mouth...