Modelsof Abnormality Matrix Assignment PDF

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PSY-470 Topic 1 Benchmark: Models of Abnormality Matrix Part 1: In a total of 1,000-1,250 words (or 250-350 words per column) identify and explain: 1. Each of the six models of abnormality (biological, psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, humanistic-existential, sociocultural (familysocial and multicultural), and the developmental psychopathology perspective). 2. Provide specific and current examples to demonstrate the application and treatment of each. Part 2: Answer the summary question (150-250 words).

Part 1 Use the GCU Library databases and include two to four scholarly sources from the GCU library to support your claims. In addition to the scholarly resources from the library, you can include past classroom materials as well as your textbook as additional reference material. References and in-text citations must be in APA style; however, the worksheet should be single spaced. Please single space with the exception of the in-text citations and references.

Interpersonal Therapy (example) Cause of Dysfunction (How does this model view the cause of dysfunction?)

Interpersonal therapy is based on the premise that dysfunctions in interpersonal relationships are significant factors in the onset of mental health disorders, as well likely outcomes of mental health disorders (Rahioui et al., 2015). In this view, dysfunction in interpersonal relationships has a direct effect on the patient’s ability to cope with stressors, and the problematic relationship becomes an additional source of stress,

1. Biological Main focus is that psychological abnormality is an illness brought by a malfunctioning part of the organism. Typically point to problems in brain anatomy or brain chemistry—as well as genetics (Painter, S, 2021). Neurons don’t actually touch each other; they are separated by the synapse. Endocrine glands release hormones which propel body organs into action. Abnormal secretions have been linked to psychological disorders.

2. Psychodynamic

3. Cognitive Behavioral

Oldest and most famous psychological model  Based on belief that a person’s behavior is determined largely by underlying dynamic—that is, interacting—psychological forces of which she or he is not consciously aware  Sigmund Freud (ID, EGO, SUPEREGO). ID: pleasure principle, instinctual needs, drives, impulsive (“the twoyear-old” or “drunk person”).

Behavioral therapists believe that our actions are determined largely by our experiences in life. Concentrates wholly on behaviors and environmental factors, bases explanations and treatments on principles of learning; “Little Albert and John Watson”. Operant conditioning (positive/negative punishment, rewards, modeling and conditioning)



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Interpersonal Therapy (example)

1. Biological

exacerbating the mental health problem. Sometimes a result of genetic inheritance.

Key Therapy Technique (Describe one or two key therapy techniques used in this model.)

One of the primary therapeutic techniques in IPT is the formation of the therapeutic alliance; which is seen as a key element of change. Once the therapeutic alliance has been established, the therapist views themselves as an ally (Rahioui et al., 2015) who works in collaboration with the patient to develop (or improve) social support systems; reduce stress (particularly interpersonal stress); process difficult emotions; and improve the patient’s interpersonal skills (Lipsitz & Markowitz, 2013).

Goal of Therapy (What is the overarching goal of therapy in this model?)

The primary goal of IPT therapy is reduce dysfunctional symptoms by resolving interpersonal conflicts in a patient’s life; this is facilitated by forming an empathic therapeutic alliance between patient and therapist (Lipsitz & Markowitz, 2013). By modeling a healthy interpersonal relationship in the therapy room, the therapist helps the client examine their relationships and create action plans to make those relationships healthier and more functional.

Three types of biological treatment:  Drug therapy o Antianxiety (anxiolytics, minor tranquilizers) o Antidepressants o Antibipolar drugs (mood stabilizers) o Antipsychotic drugs

 

ECT (Electroconvulsive therapy) Psychosurgery (lobotomy: scraping the frontal lobe.)

Reduce abnormal symptoms (reduce severity or get rid altogether.) Biological practitioners attempt to pinpoint the physical source of dysfunction to determine the course of treatment

2. Psychodynamic Sexual; fueled by libido. EGO: guided reality principle; seeks gratification, defense mechanisms protect us from anxiety SUPEREGO: guided by the Morality Principle; Conscience; unconsciously adopted from our parents

Psychoanalysis—get the entire narrative; quite lengthy (can last years); requires a lot of trust Therapists use free association (“tell me about your week?”); as well as open ended questions, resistance, transference, and dream interpretation. Catharsis and “working through” is also stated.

GOAL: uncover past trauma and inner conflicts “What happened in [past] that has caused this trauma?”

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3. Cognitive Behavioral

x

Exposure therapy—focused on exposing patients to the things and situations they fear. They are encouraged to “immerse” themselves in the situation so they can work through it. Beck’s Cognitive Therapy: Guide clients to challenge their dysfunctional thoughts and apply new ways of thinking in day-to-day lives.

The goal of therapy is to help clients recognize and restructure their thinking.

Interpersonal Therapy (example)

How would this model explain depression?

How would this model treat depression?

This model views most problems (including depression) as being caused by one of four primary issues: grief, role transition, role dispute, or interpersonal deficits. Depression could stem from any of these four categories, or a combination thereof (Lipsitz & Markowitz, 2013). IPT also acknowledges the complex etiology of many disorders, including depression (Lipsitz & Markowitz, 2013). IPT is a time-limited therapy model, with three distinct phases. In phase one, the therapist evaluates the patient to determine the etiology of their depression (which includes a thorough examination of past and present relationships) and develops a treatment plan. The primary goal of IPT is realized in Phase 2, in which therapist and client address the interpersonal problem and actively work on skill building, processing emotions, reducing stressors, and increasing social support. The final phase is the termination phase.

1. Biological

2. Psychodynamic

3. Cognitive Behavioral

With this model it is shown that there might not be enough serotonin and/or not enough epinephrin, causing depression or depressionlike symptoms.

The Psychodynamic Model might suggest repressed thoughts, memories, traumas —as the ID (S. Freud) may be in control.

Cognitive issues such as faulty assumptions or attitudes and possible illogical thinking processing.

Medication—Antidepressants: SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) SNRI (Serotonin and norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors) MAO (Monoamine Oxidase) ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy)

Psychoanalytic therapy  Free association—describing thoughts or feelings  Therapist Interpretation— using resistance, transference and dreams  Catharsis—reliving of past feelings  Working through—the proves of therapy, usually taking months or years to get through. (Comer & Comer, 2018)

Classical Conditioning treatments may be used to change abnormal behaviors Exposure response prevention therapy (ERP)—phobias, depression, “Go out in public” no social isolation, hoping they would find “pleasurable moment”; reinforce idea that going out is fun, retraining people and reinforcing it so they may engage in those behaviors instead of maladaptive behaviors (depression)

*Wait at least 3 months between medications unless negative side effects*

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Interpersonal Therapy (example)

Cause of Dysfunction (How does this model view the cause of dysfunction?)

Key Therapy Technique (Describe one or two key therapy techniques used in this model.) Goal of Therapy (What is the overarching goal of therapy in this

Interpersonal therapy is based on the premise that dysfunctions in interpersonal relationships are significant factors in the onset of mental health disorders, as well likely outcomes of mental health disorders (Rahioui et al., 2015). In this view, dysfunction in interpersonal relationships has a direct effect on the patient’s ability to cope with stressors, and the problematic relationship becomes an additional source of stress, exacerbating the mental health problem. One of the primary therapeutic techniques in IPT is the formation of the therapeutic alliance; which is seen as a key element of change. Once the therapeutic alliance has been established, the therapist views themselves as an ally (Rahioui et al., 2015) who works in collaboration with the patient to develop (or improve) social support systems; reduce stress (particularly interpersonal stress); process difficult emotions; and improve the patient’s interpersonal skills (Lipsitz & Markowitz, 2013). The primary goal of IPT therapy is reduce dysfunctional symptoms by resolving interpersonal conflicts in a patient’s life; this is facilitated by forming an empathic therapeutic alliance between patient and therapist (Lipsitz & Markowitz, 2013). By modeling a healthy interpersonal relationship in the therapy room, the therapist helps the client examine their relationships and create action plans to make those relationships healthier and more

4. Humanistic Existential

5. Sociocultural

6. Developmental Psychopatholog y

Believes in the basic human need for unconditional positive regard. If it is not received, it leads to “conditions of worth”; incapable of selfacetalization because of distortion (people may not know what they really need).

Argue that abnormal behavior is best understood in light of the social and cultural forces that influence an individual, addresses norms and roles in society. Two major perspectives: Family- social perspective and multicultural perspective Eating disorders and stress—society causing abnormal behaviors

x

Rogers’ “client-centered” therapy:  Therapists creates a supportive claim  Unconditional positive regard  Accurate empathy  Genuineness  Little research supported but positive impact on clinical practice

There are many different social treatments including:  group therapy: meeting with people who have similar problems.  family therapy: meetings with all family members  couples therapy: long term relationships; focusing on structure and communication  community therapy: for those struggling to receive treatment in a familiar atmosphere

x

Lessen effects of psychological problems that emerge in social and family settings

x

The goal is to guide clients and patients toward self-recognition through challenge and frustration.  Skillful frustration Role playing   Rules

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Interpersonal Therapy (example)

model?)

How would this model explain depression?

How would this model treat depression?

4. Humanistic Existential

5. Sociocultural

6. Developmental Psychopatholog y

Belief that psychological dysfunction is caused by selfdeception; people hide from life’s responsibilities and fail to recognize that it is up to them to give meaning to their live.

Society is all about “looking good” or getting popular and this leads to things like eating disorders and abuse of social media use. Overuse of social media is linked to depression and there may be a change of SI—as teens and young adults center their lives to become “perfect” for society and achieve it.

x

Therapy encourages people to accept personal responsibility to their problems. Using goals are more important than technique and there is a big emphasis placed on client-therapist relationship.

Using techniques like group therapy, family, or couple therapy is a way for one to go through their problems together as a team, to talk though and process struggles that may be happening as a family or within a relationship.

x

functional.

This model views most problems (including depression) as being caused by one of four primary issues: grief, role transition, role dispute, or interpersonal deficits. Depression could stem from any of these four categories, or a combination thereof (Lipsitz & Markowitz, 2013). IPT also acknowledges the complex etiology of many disorders, including depression (Lipsitz & Markowitz, 2013). IPT is a time-limited therapy model, with three distinct phases. In phase one, the therapist evaluates the patient to determine the etiology of their depression (which includes a thorough examination of past and present relationships) and develops a treatment plan. The primary goal of IPT is realized in Phase 2, in which therapist and client address the interpersonal problem and actively work on skill building, processing emotions, reducing stressors, and increasing social support. The final phase is the termination phase.

Part 2 Summary In 150-250 words differentiate between each psychological model (school of thought). What are the key differences between each of the models?

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The main focus in the Behavioral Model is that psychological abnormality is an illness brought by a malfunctioning part of the organism. Typically point to problems in brain anatomy or brain chemistry—as well as genetics (Painter, S, 2021). Neurons don’t actually touch each other; they are separated by the synapse. Endocrine glands release hormones which propel body organs into action. Abnormal secretions have been linked to psychological disorders. Sometimes a result of genetic inheritance. The Psychodynamic Model is the oldest and most famous psychological model. It is based on belief that a person’s behavior is determined largely by underlying dynamic—that is, interacting—psychological forces of which she or he is not consciously aware. It was developed by Sigmund Freud (who developed ID, EGO, SUPEREGO). In the cognitive model, Behavioral therapists believe that our actions are determined largely by our experiences in life. It concentrates wholly on behaviors and environmental factors, bases explanations and treatments on principles of learning and operant conditioning (positive/negative punishment, rewards, modeling and conditioning). The Humanistic-Existential Model believes in the basic human need for unconditional positive regard. Lastly, the Sociocultural Model argues that abnormal behavior is best understood in light of the social and cultural forces that influence an individual, addresses norms and roles in society.

References Comer, R. J., & Comer, J. S. (2018). Abnormal Psychology (10th ed.). Worth Publishers/Macmillan Learning.

Painter, S. (2021). Class Lecture [Personal communication].

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