Module 1 dba - Psychology 1 vocabulary PDF

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Psychology 1
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psychology the scientific study of an individual’s behavior and mental processes cognition mental processes, including attention, memory, learning, problem solving, and decision making. experiment a scientific research method used to discover something new or test a theory functionalism approach that focuses on the functions of consciousness and how it helps people adapt behaviors to their environment Gestalt psychology perspective which studies the mind and behavior as a whole structuralism approach that focuses on the structure and basic elements of consciousness behavioral perspective proposes that only observable behaviors can be studied scientifically psychodynamic perspective proposes that unconscious motivations, thoughts, and desires influence our behavior humanistic perspective proposes that humans are different than animals in that they desire personal growth social-cultural perspective proposes that the society or culture a person interacts with influences thoughts and behaviors cognitive perspective proposes that behaviors are understood only by studying mental processes such as gathering, storing, and processing information biological perspective proposes that the body's physical structures and chemical processes explain and effect behavior applied psychology applies psychological theories and principles to solve real-world problems

school psychology subfield of psychology applies psychology principles to diagnose and treat behavior and learning problems in children and adolescents developmental psychology subfield of psychology examines how people grow and change physically, mentally, and emotionally over the course of a lifetime clinical psychology subfield of psychology focuses on treatment of individuals with psychological disorders social psychology subfield of psychology examines social behaviors and how people act in groups

Psychodynamic Perspective

Humanistic Perspective

Trait Perspective

Social Cognitive Perspective

emphasizes the

emphasizes the

based on the theory based on the theory

influence of the unconscious mind and childhood

whole person and promotes the importance of

that personality is made up of basic characteristics that

that personality is influenced by the social environment

experiences on personality

acceptance and personal growth

influence behavior

and cognitive processes

Freud, Jung, Adler,

Maslow, Rogers,

assumes

assumes we actively

and Horney

and Perls

personality is relatively stable

respond to the environment

levels of consciousness

self-actualization

Big Five Framework changes in behavior are evidence of changes in personality

defense

client-centered

mechanisms

therapy

psychosexual

active listening

stages Id, Ego, Superego

hierarchy of needs

defense mechanism Freud’s theory that the ego uses mechanisms to protect the individual ego the part of personality that mediates between the id and superego in order to balance desires with reality id the part of personality that uses the pleasure principle to meet basic drives and instincts superego the part of personality which represents morals and values unconscious part of the mind below one’s conscious awareness where our deepest thoughts, desires, and memories are found preconscious part of the mind just below conscious awareness where information is easily accessible by the conscious mind free association Freud’s method of uncovering the unconscious mind by having the patient discuss whatever thoughts they have conscious awareness of self and the surrounding environment hierarchy of needs a theory proposed by Abraham Maslow that actions are motivated by a drive to satisfy levels of unfulfilled needs self-actualization the desire to fulfill one’s full potential self-concept an individual’s knowledge about him or herself, including strengths and weaknesses unconditional positive regard technique when a therapist expresses complete support and acceptance toward a client active listening technique that requires the listener to restate and repeat what they have heard to the

speaker say to ensure understanding trait distinguishing feature extraversion interest in or focus on the outer world rather than the inner world introversion interest in or focus on the inner world rather than the outer world projective tests personality tests that require psychoanalysts to interpret responses by patients to stimuli...