Module 1.2 Models of Health PDF

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Community and Public Health for MLS...

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MLS 1305: COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH FOR MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE Module 1.2: Models of Health Models of Health 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Medical Model (Belloc and Breslow, 1972) Health-Illness Continuum Model (McCann/Flynn and Heffron, 1984) Role Performance Model High Level Wellness Model (Dunn, Halbert) World Health Organization Model Needs Fulfillment Model

Medical/Clinical Model  M.B Belloc and L. Breslow, 1972.  Health is the state of being free of signs or symptoms of disease.  Illness is the presences of signs and symptoms of disease.  Absence of signs and symptoms of disease indicates health.  Illness would be the presence of conspicuous signs and symptoms of disease.  Core element of modern medicine. Health-Illness Continuum Model  Cann/Flynn and Heffron, 1984.  Health is a constantly changing state with high-level wellness and death being on opposite ends of a graduated scale or continuum.  The Health Illness Model was developed by John Travis.

High-Level Wellness Model  Dunn, 1961.  High Level Wellness refers to functioning to one’s maximum potential while maintaining balance and purposeful direction in the environment.  Health as an ongoing process which is lifestyle focused approach toward a person ’s highest potential of functioning within one’s capability.  Involves person, family, and the community. A. “The experience of a person alive with the glow of good health, alive to the tips of their fingers with energy to burn, tingling with vitality—at times like this, the world is a glorious place.” World Health Organization Model  It is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (WHO, 1947) Needs-Fulfillment Model 

Health is a state in which needs are being sufficiently met to allow an individual to function successfully in life with the ability to achieve the highest possible potential.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs  Devised by Abraham Harold Maslow—he was a psychologist who studied positive human qualities and the lives of exemplary people.  In 1954, he created the Hierarchy of Human Needs and expressed his theories in his book, Motivation and Personality. Higher-Order Needs A.

B.

 It measures a person’s level of health.  Health as a constantly changing state. Role-Performance Model  Parsons, 1958.  Health is the ability to perform all those roles for which one has been socialized.  Ability to perform social roles.  Role performance includes work, family, and social roles, with performance based on societal expectations.  Sick role – vital component of the role performance model.

Andea M. | BSMLS 1D

Self-actualization Needs  Highest level.  Need for self-fulfillment.  To grow and use abilities to fullest and most creative extent. Esteem Needs  Need for esteem in eyes of others.  Need for respect, prestige, recognition and self-esteem, personal sense of competence, and mastery.

Lower-Order Needs A.

B.

Social Needs  Need for love, affection, and sense of belongingness in one’s relationships with other people. Safety Needs  Need for security, protection, and stability in the events of day-to-day life.

MLS 1305: COMMUNITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH FOR MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE C.

Physiological Needs  Most basic of all the needs.  Need for biological maintenance.  Food, water, and physical well-being.

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Abraham Maslow described human needs and how we try to satisfy them. Maslow’s Framework of basic needs:  Its absence result to illness  Its presence signals health  Satisfying a need restores health Arranged in hierarchy, lower level needs must be satisfied first before attending to other needs. Satisfying a need will motivate behavior to meet the higher-level needs.

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Physiologic Needs  Physical needs inherent in all human beings.  Basic needs to sustain life.  Must be met for life to continue; below this level, death occurs.  Procreation  Sleep and rest. Sleep deprivation can deprive you of your health.  You’ll have trouble focusing.  You’ll become more forgetful.  You will be at higher risk for disease.  You’ll start gaining weight.  You’ll lose your sex drive.  Your skin will age faster.  Your judgement will be impaired. Safety Needs  It is both physiological and psychological needs.  We need not only a safe physical environment, but also a feeling of safety.  To feel safe, we need regular communication with people we trust and feel close to. Love and Belonging Needs  Security from love and belongingness enhances the feeling of safety.  Feeling of structure and security is reinforced when we know we are important to others. Self-esteem Needs  Need to be valued by others.  The feeling comes from within.  Related to our own adequacy, performance, and capacity in different fields (both personal and professional).  The need for self-respect and respect for others.  Encompasses the need for independence, selfconfidence, reputation, and appreciation.

Andea M. | BSMLS 1D

Self Actualization  Self-actualization is about moving up to the next level and being the best we can be in order to give meaning to our life.  “What a man can be, he must be.”-A. Maslow  Intrinsic growth of what is already in a person.  Growth-motivated rather than deficiency-motivated.  Cannot normally be reached until other lower-order needs are met.  Rarely happens:...