Monet\'s Rouen Cathedral Series PDF

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Summary

This essay is a deep artistic analysis of Monet's Rouen Cathedral Series, with information on color, light, brushwork, background, shape, form, dimensionality, etc. ...

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ARTS1 1 0 2. 0 1

I na dd i t i ont oh i sk e yd e v e l o p me n t si nt h eI mp r e s s i o ni s tmo v e me nt , Cl a u deMo n e t i smo s t we l lkn o wnf o rh i sc o l l e c t i o nofs e r i e sp a i n t i n g s . Sp e c i fic a l l y ,Th eRo u e nCa t h e d r a ls e r i e s r e p r e s e n t st hei mpo r t a n c eo fl i gh to nt h ea p p e a r a nc eofo b j e c t s , t h r o u g hMo n e t ’ sp a r a d o x i c a l 1 s t a t e me n tt h a t“ e v e r y t h i n gc ha n g e s ,e v e ns t on e ” . Wh e nMo n e tr e n t e dar o o ma c r o s st h es t r e e t

f r o mt h ef a mo u sc a t h e d r a l ,h ewa sa b l et or e p r o d u c et hev a r i o usc o n d i t i on sa n dt h e i re ffe c t son t h ef a ç a d eb ymo v i n gf r o mc a n v a st oc a n v a sa st hel i g h tq u i c kl ys h i f t e dt h ea p p e a r a n c eo ft h e f a ç a d e . Bo s t o n, Ma s s a c h u s e t t s ’Mu s e u mo fFi n eAr t sc on t a i n st wop i e c e sf r o mt h i ss e r i e s ,Ro ue n Ca t he d r a l , Fa ç a dea ndRo u e nCa t h e d r a lFa ç a d ea n dT o u rd Al b a ne( Mo r n i ngEffe c t ) , me a s u r i n g 2 1 0 0 . 6x6 6 . 0c ma n d1 0 6 . 1x7 3 . 9c m,r e s p e c t i v e l y . J u s tt woo ft he3 1p i e c e si nt h eo i lonc a n v a s

s e r i e s , t h e yd i s p l a yt h ep o s s i bi l i t yo ft r a n s f or ma t i o no nt h es t a b l ea n dp e r ma ne n ts u b j e c tma t t e r , i nt h i sc a s e , a nu r b a nl a n ds c a p e . Be t we e nRo u e nCa t h e d r a l ,Faç a d ea n dRo u e nCa t h e d r a lFa ç ad ea n dT o u rd Al b a n e ( Mo r n i n gEffe c t ) , t h eo v e r a l lf o r ma lo r g a n i z a t i o nd o e sno tv a r ymuc h . I mp r e s s i oni s mi ng e n e r a l a b a n d o nst h ep r e v i o u sf o c u sond e t a i la n dc l a r i t yo ff or m, wh i c hs u g g e s t st hes h i f tf r o m 3 c o nc e n t r a t i o no ft h ef o r mst h e ms e l v e st ot h ec o l o ra n dt e x t u r eo ft h e m. Mo ne t ’ sl a c kofc l e a r

s h a p e sa n dou t l i ne sr e s u l t i n gf r o mh i su s eo fb r o k e nb r u s h ma r k s , h i n t st h a th i sf o c u swa smo r eon p e r c e p t i o nr a t he rt h a nr e a s o n. Di mi n i s h i n gt h ei mp or t a n c eo ft h ec a t he d r a l ’ ss t r u c t u r ea n db e a u t y i nt h ep a i n t i n g , whi c hi sb l u r r e db yt h el i g hta n df o g , c a u s e sad e ma t e r i a l i z a t i ono ft h ef o r m, ma ki n gt h ef o r ma lo r g a n i z a t i o noft h i ss c e n emo r eofa ni n f o r ma lo r g a n i z a t i o n . Oft h el i n e st h a t a r ep r e s e n ti nt h eo r g a n i z a t i o no ft h ef o r msa r et ho s et h a ta r ei nt h ed e t a i l so ft h es t r u c t u r ei t s e l f , 1

Allen, Scott C. "The Portal of Rouen Cathedral in Morning Light (Getty Museum)." The J. Paul Getty in Los Angeles. Getty, 01 Jan. 2009. Web.

2

Monet, Claude. Rouen Cathedral Facade. 1894. Oil on Canvas. Europe, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA.

3 Collins, Neil. "Characteristics of Impressionist Painting Features of Plein-air Impressionism (1870-1910)." Characteristics of Impressionist Painting. Visual Arts Cork, 01 Jan. 2008. Web.

b u tt h ec o mpo s i t i o ni sn o tr e l i a n to nt hee dg e so ft h ef o r ms , b e c a us et h e yg oo fft h ee n do ft h e Mo s t c a n v a sa n dt h e r ei sn o tas i g n i fic a n td i ffe r e n c eb e t we e np os i t i v ea n dn e g a t i v es p a c e . p a i n t i n g sc o n t a i ns p e c i fics h a p e sa n dl i n e st ha t l e a dt hee y et oas p e c i ficf o c a lp o i nt , b u ti nt h e Ro ue nCa t h e d r a ls e r i e s , i ti st h ewa yt ha tl i g h tr e fle c t so nt h ef a ç a d et h a tc a u s e st h ee y e st omo v e 4 a r o u n dt h ec a n v a s . Be c a u s eo ft h eb l u r r e dc h a r a c t e ro ft h e s ep a i n t i n gs , t h eb o u n d a r yb e t we e nt h e

s u b j e c ta n dt h eb a c kg r o un d , a l s oc a l l e dt h efig u r e gr o u n dr e l a t i o n s h i p ,i smo r er e l a x e d , whi c h a d dst ot h el a c ko ff o r ma lo r g a n i z a t i on . Thee ffe c to ft h ei n f o r ma lo r g a n i z a t i o no ff o r ms , wh i c h c r e a t e san e a r l yi d e n t i c a lc o mp o s i t i o nt h r o u g h o uta l l3 1p a i n t i n g s , i st h ed i s p l a yo ft h e i mp o r t a n c eo fl i g hto nt hev i s ua lp e r c e p t i o nofa no b j e c t , s i n c ei ti st h eo nl yt h i n gt h a tdi ffe r s b e t we e nt h ep a i n t i n g s . Asar e s u l to ft h ei n f o r ma l i t yo ft heo r g a n i z a t i o n ,t h ec o mp os i t i onoft h ep a i nt i n g ss t r a y s f r o mt h et r a d i t i o n a l Fr e n c hc o mp o s i t i o n .Du r i n gt h ebe g i n n i n go ft h eI mp r e s s i o n i s tmo v e me n t , p o r t a bl ep h o t o gr a p h ywa sar e l a t i v e l yn e wp h e n o me n o n ,wh i c ha l l o we da r t i s t st oc a p t u r e 5 i n s t a n t a n e o u smome n t sa smo r eo fac a n d i d . Th i si n n o v a t i o ni n s pi r e dt h eI mp r e s s i on i s t st o

c r e a t emo r es p o nt a n e o u sc o mp o s i t i o n s ,wh i c ho f t e nr e s u l t si namo r en a t u r a la n do p e n c o mp o s i t i o n . Tr a d i t i on a l l y , p a i n t e r sde p i c t e ds c e n e sa ndav a r i e t yo ffigu r e s , b u tt h e I mp r e s s i o n i s t st e n d e dt oc r e a t ec r o pp e dp e r s p e c t i v e s . I nt h eRo u e nCa t h e d r a ls e r i e s , t h e r ei so n e fig u r e ,t h a to ft h ec a t h e dr a l ,wh i c hi sc r op p e ds ot ha t t h ee d g e so ft h ec a t h e d r a l ’ sf r o n tt ou c ht h e e d g eo ft hec a n v a s , c r e a t i n ga nu n u s u a lv i s u a la n g l e . Th er e s u l tofh a v i n gs u c hac r o p p e d c o mp o s i t i o ni st ha t n os i n g l ef o r mo rl i nep u l l st hes i g h ton ewa ya n dt h a tt h e r ei sal a c ko f p o s i t i v e n e g a t i v es pa c eb a l a n c e . Wi t h o u tc o n t r a s t i n gp os i t i v ea n dne g a t i v es p a c e , a n db y e mp h a s i z i n gt hef o r msa r o u n dt h ee d g e so ft h ec a n v a s , Mo n e tr e l i e so nl i gh ta n dc o l o rt ode s c r i b e t h es ur f a c eo ft hec a n v a s . Du et ot h ei n f o r ma l c o mp o s i t i o n , t h ei l l u s i o no fs p a c ei sa c h i e v e dt h r ou ghl i g h ta n d s h a d o ws , r h y t h m, a n dp a r a l l e ll i n e s , r a t h e rt h a no b j e c t l a y e r i n ga n do v e r l a pp i n go rp o s i t i v ea n d n e g a t i v es p a c e . Co mp o s i t i o n a l l y , t h ep a i n t i n gl a c k sas e n s eoft h r e e d i me n s i o n a l i t y . Byh a v i n g

4 Pioch, Nicolas. "Monet, Claude: Rouen Cathedral." WebMuseum. WebMuseum, 19 Sept. 2002. Web. 5 MacTaggart, John. "Impressionism." Art Factory. Art Factory, n.d. Web.

o n es i n g l e , z o o me d i ns u b j e c t , Mo n e t r e j e c t sl a y e r i n goff o r e gr o u nd , mi dd l e g r o u n d , a n d b a c k g r o u n d .Ea c hpa i nt i n go n l ys h o wst hef r o ntf a ç a d e , d i s a b l i n gMo n e tf r o mu s i n gt h ea n g l i n g o ft h es i d e so ft h eb u i l d l i n gt oc r e a t et h ei l l u s i ono fs pa c e ,r e s u l t i n gi nt h emi ni ma l i z a t i o no f p e r s p e c t i v e . Ho we v e r , Mo n e ti sa b l et os u c c e s s f u l l yc r e a t eas e n s eo fs p a c e . Hi su s eo fs h a d o wsi n c o nt r a s to fl i g h ta l l o wsd e p t hpe r c e p t i o ni nt h epa r t so ft h ec a t h e d r a lt ha tp r o t r u d eo rr e c e d e , c r e a t i n ga ne ffe c to fr e l i e f . Th er h y t h mc r e a t e db yt h er e pi t i t i o no fv e r t i c a ll i ne sa n da r c h e sa l s o h e l p st r a n s f o r mt h ep a i n t i n gf r o m a2d i me n s i o na lr e pr e s e n t a t i o nt oa3d i me ns i on a li l l u s i on , wh i c ha l l o wsf o rMo n e tt or e p r o d u c et hee ffe c t so fs p a c ea n dt e xt u r eo nt hec a t he d r a l . Ast hef o u n d e ra n dma i ni n flue n c e ro ft h eI mp r e s s i o ni s tmo v e me n t , whi c hf o c us e so nt h e e ffe c to fl i gh ta n dc o l o rono b j e c t s , Mo n e ti ne v i t a bl yu t i l i z e sc o l o ri na ni n n o v a t i v ewa y . By a b a n d o ni n gt h eu s eo fd a r k e rc o l o r s , Mo ne tt a k e sa d v a n t a g eo ft e c h n i qu e st h a t a r en o wc a l l e d 6 s i mu l t a ne o u sc o nt r a s ta n do p t i ma lmi x i n g . Th ef o r me rt e c h n i q u eut i l i z e st h ec o n c e p to fp l a c i n g

c o mp l e me n t a r yc ol o r sn e x tt oe a c ho t h e ri no r de rt oe n h a n c et h ei n t e n s i t yo ft h ec o l or swi t h ou t a l t e r i n gt h ec o l o ri t s e l f . Th el a t t e r , wh i c hi n v o l v e sj ux t a p o s i t i ono fc o l o r s , a so p p o s e dt ob l e n d i n g , c r e a t e st h ei l l us i o no fmi x e dc o l o r sont h ec a n v a s ,wi t h o u tt a i n t i n gt h ep u r i t yo ft hec o l o r s . Th e s e t e c h n i q ue sa l l o wMo n e t t oc r e a t eas c e n ec o mp l e t ewi t hs h a do wsa n dh i g hl i gh t swi t h o utt heu s e o fb l a c k , a sc a nb es e e ni nb o t hRo u e nCa t h e d r a l , Fa ç a d ea n dRo u e nCa t h e dr a lFa ç a d ea ndT o u r d Al b a ne( Mo r n i ngEffe c t ) .I nt h ef o r me rp i e c e , Mo n e tc r e a t e st h ei l l u s i o no fs h a d o wsc a s ti nt h e c a v i t i e so ft h ef a ç a d eb yu s eo fs i mul t a n e o u sc on t r a s t , wh i c ha l l o wshi mt oi mi t a t et h ed a r kn e s s o fas h a d o wb yp l a c i n gc o mp l e me n t a r yc o l or so r a n g ea n db l u en e x tt oe a c ho t h e r . I nt h es a me p a i n t i n g ,Mo n e td i s p l a y st hei mpo r t a n c eo fo p t i ma lmi x i n gb yc o n t r a s t i n gwa r mc o l or sa g a i ns t c o olc o l o r sa n da v o i di n gmi x t u r eo fpa i nt s , wh i c ha l l o wst h ep a i n t i n gt oma i n t a i ni t sl i g h t a p pe a r a n c e . Th el a t t e rp a i n t i n ga p p e a r sa l mo s tmon oc hr o ma t i c , wi t hv a r yi n gv a l ue sofb l u et o c r e a t et h ei l l u s i o ni mp l i e di nt h en a me , “ mo r n i n ge ffe c t ” .Byp a i n t i n gwi t har a n g eo fi nt e ns e c o l o r s , f a d i n gf r o ml i g h t e ra tt het o po ft h ec a n v a st od a r k e ra t t h eb o t t o m, Mo n e ta l l u d e st oa b r i g h ta n ds u n n ymo r ni n g , wi t ht hes u n l i g h ti l l umi na t i n gt h et o po ft hec a t he d r a l , wh i c hc a s t sa s h a d o wo nt h eba s e . I ne a c ho ft h e s epa i n t i n g s , Mo ne t ’ ss e l e c t i o no fc o l o ra n dj u x t a p os i t i o nof

6 Carey, Carla. "The Use of Color in Impressionism." Hunakai Studio. N.p., 07 Apr. 2015. Web.

c o l o rr e fle c tt h et i meo fda y , t h ewe a t h e rc o n d i t i o ns , a n dt h ee mot i o na la t mo s ph e r eo ft he 7 c a t h e d r a l ,ma ki n gh i su s eofc o l o rr e p r e s e n t a t i o n a l , o rd e s c r i p t i v e , r a t h e rt ha np u r e l yf o r ma l .

I na dd i t i ont ot h ei mp o r t a n c eo fc o l o r , t h eg o a lo ft h i ss e r i e swa st odi s p l a yl i gh t ’ s r e s p o n s i b i l i t yf o rt h et r a n s f o r ma t i o no ft hes a mes u b j e c ta t di ffe r e n tt i me so fda y .Th en a t u r a l s o ur c ea n dd i r e c t i ono fl i gh ti na l lo ft h e s ep a i n t i n g sh i n t st ot h et i meo fd a ya twh i c he a c hs c e n e 8 i sp a i nt e d . I nRo u e nCa t h e d r a l , Fa ç ad e ,t h ed i r e c t i o no ft h el i g htf a l l so nt ot h ef r o n tf a ç a d eo f

t h ep a i n t i n g , a twh a ta p p e a r st ob ear e l a t i v e l ye v e nd i s p e r s a lo fl i g h ti nt h es e c t i ono ft h eb ui l d i n g o nt h ec a n v a s .I nc o mp a r i s on ,Ro u e nCat h e d r alFa ç a d ea ndT ou rd Al b a n e( Mo r n i n gEffe c t )h a s ac l e a rd i r e c t i o n a l i t yoft h el i g hts o u r c e , wi t ht het o po ft h ec a t he d r a li l l u mi n a t e da n dt h eb o t t o m h a v i n gas o r to fc a s ts h a d o w, a sde s c r i be di nt h ea n a l y s i so fc o l o ri nt h ep r e vi o u sp a r a g r a ph . I n t h eI mp r e s s i on i s tmo v e me n t , Mo ne ta n dh i sc on t e mp o r a r i e swe i gh e dt h ei mp or t a n c eo fl i g ht 9 h e a v i e rt h a nt ha to ft h es u b j e c ti t s e l f . Vi s u a lp e r c e p t i o noft h es u b j e c ti sc h a r a c t e r i z e dh e r eb y

t h ee ffe c tt h a t l i g h th a so nt h eo p t i c so fn a t u r e ,wh i c hi se mp h a s i z e di nt hef a c tt h a tMo n e t r e p e a t e dt hi sp a i nt i n g3 1t i me si no r d e rt oc r e a t eas e r i e so fp a i n t i n g st h a td i s pl a yt h ei mp o r t a n c e o fl i g h t . Bymo v i n gd o wnal i neo fc a n v a s e sa st h ena t ur a ll i g h ts h i f t e d , Mo n e twa sa b l et o q ui c kl yr e p r o du c et h efle e t i n gc ha r a c t e ro fl i gh ta n dc o l o r , whi c ha l l o we dh i mt oc r e a t ea s e n s a t i o n a lr a t h e rt h a nr a t i o na lp i e c e , f o c u s i n go nwh a ti sp e r c e i v e db yt h ee y er a t h e rt h a nwh a t i s u n d e r s t o o db yt h eb r a i n. Be c a u s eo ft h efle e t i n gc h a r a c t e ro fl i g h ta n dc o l o r , wh i c ha r et h et wok e ye l e me n t so f t h e s ep a i n t i n g s , Mo n e t ’ sb r us h wo r kmi mi c k st h i si n t r i c a t en a t u r eo ft h es u b j e c t . Fo rb o t hRo u e n Ca t he d r a l , Fa ç a dea ndRo u e nCa t h e d r a lFa ç a d ea n dT o u rd Al b a ne( Mo r n i ngEffe c t ) , Mo n e t p a i n t e ds e v e r a lv i s i b l el a y e r so nt o po fe a c hot he r , wh i c hc r e a t e sa ne ffe c tt h a tp a r a l l e l st h e 7 t e x t ur eo ft h el a y e r so fma s o n r yo ft h ef a ç a d eo ft hec a t he d r a l . I na d d i t i o nt ot h et e x t u r et h a ti s

c r e a t e db yhi sb r u s h wo r k , Mo n e t ’ sr e j e c t i o nofc o n t r o la n dpr e c i s i o na l l o wst h ee n e r g yo ft h e 7 "Rouen Cathedral." Monet Paintings. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Scott, Dan. "How Claude Monet Documented Light Using The Rouen Cathedral." Draw Paint Academy. Draw Paint Academy, 2 Nov. 2017. Web 9 History.com Editors. "Impressionism." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 03 Aug. 2017. Web.

b r u s h wo r ki t s e l ft od e s c r i b et h el i g h ta n dt hes u b j e c t . Asme n t i o n e db r i e flyb e f o r e , h i su s eo f t h i c ks t r o k e so fp u r ec o l o ra l l o wsf o rv i s u a lb l e n di n goft h ec o l o r so nt h ec a n v a swh e nv i e we d f r o ma f a r . Mo n e t ’ si c o n o gr a p h i ca p pr o a c ht ot hes u b j e c tma t t e ri nt h e s et wopi e c e si sd i ffe r e n tf r o m t h et y p i c a la p p r o a c ho ft h ep r e I mp r e s s i o ni s tp a i n t e r s . Pr i ma r i l y , t r a di t i o n a lFr e n c hp a i n t i n g s b e f o r ei mp r e s s i o n i s mwe r eo fh i s t o r i c a ls c e n e s , b u tI mp r e s s i o ni s mp or t r a y e dc o mmo ns ub j e c t s , 1 0 s u c ha ss t i l ll i f e sa ndl a n d s c a p e s . I nc o mp a r i s o nt ot hep r e v i o usp a i n t i n g swh i c hu s ua l l y

r e p r e s e n tt h es u b j e c ti ni t se n t i r e t y , t h e s ep a i n t i n g sc o n t a i no n l yac r o p p e dp o r t i o noft h eRo u e n Ca t he d r a li nNo r ma n d y ,Fr a n c e . Byt r e a t i n gt h es u b j e c tt h i swa y , wi t ho u tc l o s ea t t e n t i o nt ot he b e a u t yo ft h es t r u c t u r e , Mo n e t i n f e r sh i sf o c u so nt h ep l a yo fl i g h ta n ds h a d e , a n dt h et e x t u r et h e y p r o d uc e , r a t h e rt ha nt h eb u i l d i n gi t s e l f .Th i ss t y l eoff o c u s , t h ee np l e i na i ra p p r o a c h , f o c u s e so n s e n s e sr a t h e rt h a nt hei n t e l l e c t , b yf o c u s i n go nt hev i s u a lp e r c e p t i o no fr e a l i t yr a t h e rt ha ne a c h s c i e n t i fice l e me n t . Th ep ur p o s eo ft hi sn e wme t h o di st oc a p t u r et r a n s f o r ma t i ona n dflu i d i t yo f l i gh ta n dc o l o rr a t h e rt h a nr e p r e s e n t i n ge x a c t l ywh a twa ss e e n . Ba s e do nt h i si c o n o gr a p h i ca n a l y s i so fMo ne t ’ sRo u e nCa t h e d r a ls e r i e s , t h ei n t e r p r e t a t i o n o ft h ec o n t e n ti sap a r a d o xt h a t ,“ e v e r yt hi n gc h a n g e s ,e v e ns t o n e . ”Ass t a t e dp r e v i o u s l y , e a c h c a n v a sd i s p l a y sad i ffe r e n ta t mo s p h e r ea ndl i g h t i n gc o n d i t i o n s , wh i c hc r e a t e st h ea n omo l y b e t we e nap e r ma n e n ts t r u c t u r ea ndi t st r a n s f o r ma t i on sd uet on a t u r a le ffe c t so fl i gh ta n dc o l or . Th ec o n t e n to ft h e s ep a i n t i n g sg o e sf a rbe y o n dt h es u b j e c ti t s e l f , i mp o s i n ga ne l e me n to f 1 i mp e r ma ne n c ea n dt r a n s f o r ma t i o n . Mo ne tq u o t e s , “ al a n d s c a p ed oe sn o te x i s ti ni t so wnr i g h t ,

s i n c ei t sa p p e a r a n c ec h a n g e sa te v e r ymo me nt ,b u tt h es ur r o u n d i n ga t mo s p h e r ebr i n g si tt ol i f e . 7 Th el i g hta n da i r …gi v et h es ub j e c t t h e i rt r u ev a l u e ” .Hi sf o r ma lt e c h ni q u e s , s p e c i fic a l l yh i s

i l l u s i o no fs p a c e ,u s eofc o l o ra n dl i g h t , a n db r u s h wo r k , a l o n gwi t hh i si c o n o g r a p h i ca p p r o a c h , s p e c i fic a l l yh i sf o c u so nt h es e n s ua la p p e a r a n c e , c r e a t ean e wt r a d i t i o nf o rI mp r e s s i o n i s t st o f ol l o w.Hi st e c hn i c a lu s eo fl i g h ta n dc o l or ,wh i c ha r ed i s t r i b ut e di nt e nt i o na l l yt od e s c r i bet he s u b j e c t , a l o n gwi t hh i sd e s c r i p t i v e , t h i c kb r u s h wo r k , s t i mul a t et h ei l l u s i ono fs pa c ea n d t r a n s f o r ma t i o n , o na2 d i me n s i o n a lc a n v a st h a ts e e mst oc a p t u r et hec h a n g i n gmoo da n d c o nd i t i o ns . I c o n o gr a p h i c a l l y , h i sr e j e c t i ono ft h ep r e vi o u st r a di t i o n , wh i c hi sc h a r a c t e r i z e db ya n e x a c tr e p r e s e n t a t i o no fr e a l i t y , p r o mo t e st h ei mp o r t a n c eo fs e n s e so v e rr e a s o n. Th ec o nt e nto f 10 Falconer, Morgan. "Claude Monet." The Art Story. The Art Story, n.d. Web.

t h e s ep a i n t i n g s , f o r ma l l ya n di c o n o gr a p h i c a l l y ,s u p p o r t sh i sf o c u sont h epo s s i bi l i t yt oc a p t u r e wh a t wa sp r e v i o u s l yn e g l e c t e d , t h efle e t i n ga n dc h a n g i n gmo me nt so fl i g h t , a n dl i f ei t s e l f . Toe s t a b l i s hah i s t o r i c a lc o n t e xtf o rMon e ta n dh i sRo u e nCa t h e d r a ls e r i e s , i ti si mpo r t a n t t oi n c l u d ea na n a l y s i so ft h es t y l e , b o t ho ft h eI mp r e s s i o n i s tp e r i o da n do fMon e th i ms e l f . Be g i n n i n gi nt h el a t e19thc e n t u r y , I mp r e s s i on i s mi sc h a r a c t e r i z e db yas e ns u a lp o r t r a y a lo ft h e 1 1 n a t u r a lwo r l d ,b yv i s ua l l yd e s c r i b i n gmo me n t st h e ms e l v e s . I mpr e s s i o n i s m, wh i c hg e t si t sn a me

f r o m Mo n e t ’ sI mp r e s s i on , S u n r i s e ,c o mb i n e sh a s t yb r u s h wor kwi t hbr i gh tt o n e st oe mp h a s i z et he flu i d i t ya n di mp e r ma n e n c eo fl i g h t , a n dt h u so fa p p e a r a n c e . Bye x c h a n gi n gas c i e nt i fic r e p r o d u c t i o no fas t a g e ds c e n ef oras e n s u a lr e pr e s e n t a t i ono fn a t u r e , t heI mp r e s s i o n i s t se s t a bl i s h at r u eu n d e r s t a n d i n go fn a t u r e . Mo n e t , wi t hh i sFr e n c hc o n t e mp o r a r i e sPi e r r eRe n o i r , Ed o u a r d Ma n e t , Al f r e dSi s l e y ,a n dCa mi l l ePi s s a r r o ,e x p l or et h ei d e ao fu s i n gc o l or ,l i gh t , a n dbr u s hs t r o k e t oa c h i e v ead e s c r i p t i v er e p r e s e n t a t i o no fn a t u r e . Be c a u s eo ft h e i ru n i q u ea n di n no v a t i v ea pp r oa c h t op a i n t i n g , t h eI mp r e s s i o n i s ta r t i s t sr e ma i n e di nde p e n d e n tf r omt h e“ Sa l on ”a n dd i dn o t p a r t i c i p a t ei ni t sa n n u a ls h o wc a s e sa n d , a l t h o u ght y p i c a l l yg r o u p e dt o g e t h e r , i n i t i a l l yr e j e c t e dt h e 1 2 i d e ao ff o r mi n gau n i fie ds c h o o l . I ti si mp o r t...