Moroporo at Balatik dsdsdds PDF

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3. Ano ang iyong nakita o natutunan mula sa dokumento na hindi mo maaaring makita sa iba pang dokumento? (What did you learn from the document?)



4. Anu-ano ang iba pang mga dokumento, ebidensya, o sanggunian pangkasaysayan (historical sources) ang maaari mong tingnan upan...

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Casmer B. Dilangalen

2018-11442

Reflection on Balatik: Katutubong Bituin ng mga Pilipino New Insights Balatik: Katutubong Bituin ng mga Pilipino sheds light on the different constellations of our ancestors in the early Philippines. The country already has a system of constellations even before the colonizers came in (Ambrosio 2005). Two of which are the Balatik and Moroporo, the most prominent group of stars in the archipelago. Balatik, modernly known as Orion’s belt represents a trap used for hunting wild boars while Moroporo, known as Pleiades, has different representations in different parts of the country which includes plants,flies and flock of birds. These constellations, which are the subject being presented reflect the actions, way of thinking, and culture of the early Filipino people. This shows how history such as the work of Ambrosio is considered as an art (. Another important aspect is the use of these constellations. Balatik and Moroporo are both used as a signal for the season of the year. The article highlights the dispute between the month of the emergence of the Moroporo. Scott (1994) suggested that the group of stars is seen in the month of June. However, with the use of knowledge on weather, phases of Kaingin and statement of the people of Sulod, Panay, it was later revealed by that the Moroporo emerges in the month of January (Jocano, 1958). This dispute showcases history as science. Existing propositions such as Scott’s statement on the appearance of the Moroporo was falsified using hard-facts and scientific method. Another interesting point stated in the article is on how the constellations have similar names and symbolism but has a different particular object of representation across the archipelago. The Orion’s belt can be represented by a hunter or the tool of the hunter, Hyades as the jaw of the animal being hunted, and the Pleiades being different objects related to event being portrayed while hunting. There are two possible reasons for this difference. First is that it shows how dynamic the culture and language are. Although the constellations still symbolize hunting and is still used as signal for Kaingin season, the representations evolved as it was passed down through generations and as our ancestors travelled to different islands. This is important not only in studying what happened in the past but also to prepare on the possible changes in the future. Another reason would be the amount of information

being passed. It is possible that only the tale was passed down but not the exact images. This gives the people freedom to interpret the patterns they see in the sky. Interests on the Early Filipinos In relation to the mentioned differences in the interpretation of the patterns in the constellation, it is very important to know where this culture originated. Exploring the constellation system of other countries using Austronesian languages will be of great help in understanding how this system came to be. It can also support the language-based Austronesian theory of Bellwood by incorporating the culture as a proof. Aside from the constellations, other things involving the way of life of early Filipinos that are passed orally such as myths and legends are also very interesting. Although sources regarding this topic is very difficult to find, knowing it and its connection to how they lived is a crucial part in history of the Philippines. Question Regarding the Article History, and academic journals and literature in general rely on the authenticity of the sources. With this, how did Ambrosio, along with other authors historians mentioned in the article make sure that all the sources used in this study is authentic? The studies only used secondary sources with respect to the culture of the Filipino ancestors, and it is only through interviews and narratives. How did the historians check the internal authenticity of the said sources?

Reflection on An Historical View of the Philippine Islands Vol I, by Martinez de Zuniga New Insights Martinez de Zuniga discussed different aspects of life of the Filipinos before the Spanish colonizers entered the archipelago. He also proposed a theory on the origins of the native Filipinos. According to him, there are two classes of people in the Philippines namely Negroes and Indians, where the former lives in the mountainous areas while the latter lives in the shorelines. He also added that Negroes, with their beastly characteristics are hostile towards the Indians. However, Zuniga claims that both groups have the same language. This raises a question on how this event came to be. If both groups are from different origins and interaction between them is rare as the Negroes are hostile towards the Indians, how can both have the same language? This implies that at least one of the claims of Zuniga is false. Zuniga also stated the Indians in the Philippines come from the Chili and Peru of South Americas due to similar construction of words, even though there are strong evidence that the Indians originated from the people of the Malay such as the language and the proximity of the islands. The conclusion of Zuniga on the circumstances shows that biases and experiences of the those who writes the history. Zuniga rejected the idea of the Malays as origin of the Indians as he underestimates the travelling capabilities of the Malays. He also easily believed in South America hypothesis since he was familiar with the said countries as stated in the excerpt. Historians should eliminate these biases and think in a logical perspective in order to make sure that the History being unfolded is as truthful and accurate as possible. In addition to the origin of the Filipino people, Zuniga also discussed the government, class, and belief system before the Spanish influence. There are three classes of the village: the masters, the slaves, and the Timavas. Aside from this, methods of resolving conflicts such as punishment for different crimes have already existed. The people can also write using their own letters. It is clear that Filipinos already has an established system even before the colonizers came in. The people

already believe in deities and life after death. This shows that Philippines already has a function government, law, literature and religion even before the colonizers came. Interests on the Early Filipinos A lot of evidence we use today to define the early Filipinos come from the narrative of the colonizers. However, as showcased in the article, it is possible that the events being presented can be affected by biases. Having this said, it would be very beneficial to gather information regarding the sentiments of the inhabitants. It is also important to know why the Filipinos undoubtedly accepted the culture of the colonizers. Another interesting thing mentioned in the excerpt is the role of Babailanas in the community. As portrayed by Zuniga, Babailanas have a very different characteristics in comparison to the role of women in the Spain and other European countries at that time. With this, how did these women fit and transition in the society being built up by the colonizers? Question Regarding the Article It is clearly implied in the article that Martinez de Zuniga already has a perception on the Negroes and the Indians even before the communities were explored and studied. He characterized Negroes as an equivalent of a wild beast while pointing out the cowardice of the Indians. What were the events that made Zuniga establish these conceptions? Bibliography Ambrosio, Dante L. 2005. “BALATIK: Katutubong Bituin Ng Mga Pilipino.” Philippine Social Sciences Review 57 (1). https://journals.upd.edu.ph/index.php/pssr/article/view/1287. Jocano, F. Landa. 1958. “The Sulod: A Mountain People in Central Panay, Philippines.” Philippine Studies 6 (4): 401–36. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42720408. Scott, William Henry. 1994. Barangay: Sixteenth-Century Philippine Culture and Society. Google Books. Ateneo University Press. https://books.google.com.ph The Editors of Encyclopedia Britannica. 2019. “Art | Definition & Subjects.” In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/art/visual-arts.

Zúñiga (1760–1818), Joaquín Martínez de. 2012. “An Historical View of the Philippine Islands (Volume 1 of 2).” Www.gutenberg.org. 2012. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/39010/39010-h/39010-h.htm#pb23....