Morphology exercises - Exercise notes and work PDF

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Introduction to Linguistics 37-184

Tutorial

Exercise #4 Morphology 1. Divide the following words into morphemes. a. [un][believ][able] b. [activ][ate][s] c. [accus]a[tion] d. [un][happy]

e. [be][friend][ed] f. [air][sick+ness] g. [morphem][ic] h. [holi][day]

i. [psycho][logy] j. [grand][mother]

2. Examine the following data from Zulu and look for the recurring forms.

a. What is the morpheme meaning “singular” in Zulu? Prefix [um] b. What is the morpheme meaning “plural” in Zulu? Prefix [ub] c. List the Zulu stems to which the singular and plural morphemes are attached, give their meanings. Fazi - married woman Fani – boy Zali – parent Fundisi – teacher Bazi – carver Limi – farmer Dlali – player Fundi - reader 3. Examine the following words from Michoacan Aztec.

[Exercise 4 is adopted from ‘An Introduction to Language’, Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., and Hyams, N., 8th edition]

Introduction to Linguistics 37-184

nokali nokalimes mokali ikali kalimes mopelo mopelomes ipelo nokwahmili mokwahmili ikwahmili

Tutorial

“my house” “my houses” “your houses” “his house” “houses” “your dog” “your dogs” “his dog” “my cornfield” “your cornfield” “his cornfield”

[Exercise 4 is adopted from ‘An Introduction to Language’, Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., and Hyams, N., 8th edition]

Introduction to Linguistics 37-184

Tutorial

a. The morpheme meaning “house” is: (1) kal (2) kali (3) kalim (4) ikal (5)ka b. The word meaning “cornfield” is: (1) kwahmilimes (2) nokwahmilimes (3) nokwahmili (4) kwahmili (5) ikwahmilimes c. The word meaning “his dogs” is: (1) pelos (2) ipelomes (3) ipelos (4) mopelo (5) pelomes d. If the word meaning “friend” is mahkwa, then the word meaning “my friends” is: (1) momahkwa (2) imahkwas (3) momahkwames (4) momahkwaes (5) nomahkwames e. The word meaning “dog” is: (1) pelo (2) perro (3) peli (4) pel (5)mopel

4. Consider the following data from Russian. (1) a. krasiv-yj cvetok beautiful flowerMASCULINE ‘a beautiful flower’

b.

vesjel-yj čelovek happy manMASCULINE ‘a happy man’

(2)a.

b.

vesjel-aja devočka happy girl FEMININE ‘a happy girl’

krasiv-aja kartina beautiful picture FEMININE ‘a beautiful picture’

a. What is the meaning/function of –aja and – yj morphemes in Russian? To mark gender on the adjective. b. To what stems do these morphemes attach? Adjectives – beautiful and happy in our examples. c. Are these morphemes inflectional or derivational? Justify your answer. Inflectional – they express change in grammatical feature, there is no change of lexical category, and they are used on any verb which shows high productivity. d. Does English have morphemes that correspond to Russian –aja and – yj? If your answer is YES, list these morphemes. Illustrate by examples. If your answer is NO, Explain why. Illustrate by examples. In English, gender is not marked on adjectives. Nice man -> nice woman. e. What about Hebrew? Justify your answer by illustrating it with examples. In Hebrew, gender is marked on the adjectives. "ish nexmad -> isha nechmada".

5. Look at the following Italian Data and answer the questions below. In Italian articles and adjectives have inflectional endings that mark agreement in gender and number with the noun they modify.

[Exercise 4 is adopted from ‘An Introduction to Language’, Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., and Hyams, N., 8th edition]

Introduction to Linguistics 37-184

Tutorial

a. What is the root morpheme meaning “robust”? robust b. What is the morpheme meaning “very”? [issimo] c. What is the Italian for: (1) “a robust wine” un vino robusto (2) “a very red face” un faccio rossissimo (3) “a very dry wine” un vino seccissimo

[Exercise 4 is adopted from ‘An Introduction to Language’, Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., and Hyams, N., 8th edition]

Introduction to Linguistics 37-184

Tutorial

[Exercise 4 is adopted from ‘An Introduction to Language’, Fromkin, V., Rodman, R., and Hyams, N., 8th edition]...