MTL Chap 13-15 - Chapter Summaries for test preparation PDF

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Chapter Summaries for test preparation...

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Chapter 13: Female and Male Reproductive Systems, and the Urinary System -AGOG-1 -AGRA2 ACTIN-3 AMNI-19 ARCH-, ARCHE-, ARCHI-4 BROMCORTEX-, CORTICEURY-, EURYN-6 GALACTGONADGENITGRAVID-10 HYMEN-13 HYSTER-14 INGUIN-JACULCOLPCRY-, CRYM-5 CRYPTCYE-LAGNIA

MAMM-7 MAST-, MAZ-7and15 MEN-8 MENSMETR- (II), -METRA11 OO-

LEADING, DRAWING FORTH, PRODUCING SUDDEN PAIN, GOUT RADIATION FOETAL MEMBRANE, AMNIOTIC SAC BEGINNING, ORIGIN, FIRST, PRINCIPAL OFFENSIVE ODOUR, STENCH OUTER LAYER (OF ORGAN) DILATE, WIDEN MILK SEX GLANDS GENITAL, REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN PREGNANT HYMEN, MEMBRANE UTERUS GROIN TO THROW VAGINA ICY COLD HIDDEN BE PREGNANT ABNORMAL SEXUAL EXCITATION OR GRATIFICATION BREAST BREAST MENSTRUATION (MONTH) MENSTRUATION (MONTH) UTERUS EGG, OVARY

OOPHOR-9

OVARY

ORCH-, ORCHI-, ORCHID-, ORCHE-18 URETERURETHR-

TESTICLE

UR-

URINE, URINARY TRACT

OVOVARI-9 PART-, -PARA10 PARTURI-, PARTURITPEN- (II)12 PERINE-

EGG OVARY GIVE BIRTH BE IN LABOUR, CHILDBIRTH PENIS PERINEUM

PREPUTIPUBES-, PUB SACR-16 SALPING-, -SALPINX17 SCROTPYELSEMEN, SEMINSPERM-, SPERMATSYRING-, SYRINX 17 TEST-18

PREPUCE, FORESKIN PUBES, THE GENITALS SACRUM UTERINE TUBE SCROTUM RENAL PELVIS SEMEN SPERM, SEMEN FISTULA, CAVITY, OVIDUCT, SWEAT GLANDS, SYRINGE TESTICLE, MALE GONAD

THEL-, THELETOCVAGINXANTHXER-

NIPPLE LABOUR, CHILDBIRTH VAGINA, SHEATH YELLOW DRY

URETER URETHRA

1. -AGOG- -agogue agent increasing the flow of / promoting secretion of - Sialagogue/ptyalogogue agent increasing flow of saliva / produce/promote secretion of saliva 2. -AGRA - Podagra (pod = foot) disease of the foot of an animal - Mean gout = painful inflammatory condition in a human joint - Usually a word ending ~ odontagra acute pain of tooth ~ arthragra acute pain of joint

3. ACTIN- Ray of light = radiation (radiant energy) or radiating parts (X-ray) ultraviolet, sunlight. - Uncontrolled exposure to radiation = cause actinic burns 4. ARCH(I)-, ARCHE- Arche = beginning - Medical = first, principal, beginning or original - Menarche original menstruation period occurring between 9th and 17th year - Archigaster primitive alimentary canal of the embryo 5. CRY-, CRYM- Reference to situations/processes where very low temperatures are required to perform specific treatments. ~ cryoanaestheisa localised application of cold to produce regional anaesthesia ~ cryolysis destruction by cold ~ cryosurgery operation using freezing temperatures to destroy tissues ~ cryostat device for maintaining very low temperatures 6. EURY-, EURYN- Usually combine with suffix -ter = instrument distended by air; used to dilate specific body part for investigation ~ procteurynter instrument for dilation of anus or rectum ~ rhineurynter elastic bag used for dilating the nostrils ~ colpeurynter bag for dilating the vagina 7. MAMM-, MAST-, MAZ- LATIN MAMM- = mamma (mammal, mammogram, mammectomy) - GREEK MAST- = womanly breast - GREEK MAZ- = alternate form for MAST~ mastoplasia/mazoplasia degenerative hyperplasia of mammary gland ~ mastopexy/mazopexy surgical fixation of pendulous breast ~ amastia, amazia absence of breast tissue 8. MEN- GREEK = month - MEDICAL = female month cycle - Amenorrhoea absence of menstruation - LATIN = menstruation = menses = monthly flow of bloody fluid from endometrium 9. OOPHOR-, OVARI- OOPHOR = GREEK oon (egg/OO-) + pherein (carry/bear/ PHOR- OOPHOR ovary/ carrier of ovum (egg) - OVARI- = ovary/place for ovum - -arium LATIN place of ~ ovarium

10. GRAVID-, PART-, -PARA - Pregnancy/ give birth - GRAVID- = pregnant ~ gravida = pregnant woman/number of pregnancies ~ primigravida = woman in 1st pregnancy (gravida I) ~ secundigravida = woman in 2nd pregnancy (gravida II) ~ nulligravida = woman never been pregnant - PARA- = woman who has already given birth ~ nullipara = woman who has never given birth ~ primipara = para I ~ secundipara = para II ~ tertipara = para III ~ quadripara = para IV ~ septipara = para VII ~ nonipara = para IX 11. METR-, -METER, METR-, METRA - GREEK METR-, -METER = measure ~ audiometry, thermometer - GREEK METR-, -METRA = uterus LATIN mater (mother) matrix (womb) ~ endometrium, physometra 12. PEN- (II) - PEN- (I) = deficiency - PEN- (II) = penis 13. HYMEN- hymen = fold of mucous membrane partially covering entrance of vagina 14. HYSTER- Hysteria = disorder of uncontrollable emotion or excitement (ancient times believed it occurred more in women therefore associates with the womb) 15. MAZ- a-/MAZ-/-on = without a breast 16. SACR- Sacer, sacra, sacrum = holy or sacred 17. SALPING-, -SALPINX, SYRING, SYRINX - SALPING- = refer to oviducts/ mature ovum from ovary to uterus (fallopian tubes) 18. ORCH(E)-, ORCHI(D)-, TEST- Male testicle 19. AMNI- Innermost foetal membrane, sac holding the foetus in suspense in protective amniotic fluid.

*CYST(I)- = bladder *-CYSTIS - = urinary bladder *GYN- = woman/female *GYNAEC- = woman/female *ANDR- = man *PROSTAT- = prostate gland *hypospadias = abnormal opening in urethral flow

Match the description to the term part/word that fits it best.

D a combined ending that makes a word referring to an instrument that dilates A a word ending used in medical terminology that is an old French form B a word referring to a part of the body named after the Greek and Roman god of marriage F a combining form used in the word that describes a category of animals that breastfeed their young C a combining form that means ‘first, principal, beginning or original’ G a combining form that literally means ‘carrier of the egg’ I a word that refers to a condition believed in the ancient world to be suffered by people with a womb H a combining form used as a word ending to refer to the number of times a woman has given birth J a combining form that has many meanings including ‘fistula, cavity, sweat glands’ and many synonyms, including salpinx and oviduct A. agogue B. hymen C. arche E two combining forms that are identical to each other but come from two different words, so the same form can mean either ‘measure’ or ‘uterus’

D. eurynter E. metr F. mamm G. oophor H. para I. hysteria J. syring

Question 1 0 out of 1 points Make use of the term parts given to form a medical term that matches the given definition. Type your answer in the space provided. Term parts: clysis; crymo; ectasia; eurynter; galacto; hyster; orchido; philic; ptosis; pyel; stasis; vesico Definition: dilation of the renal pelvis Selected Answer: pyeleurynter Question 2 1 out of 1 points Make use of the term parts given to form a medical term that matches the given definition. Type your answer in the space provided. Term parts: clysis; crymo; ectasia; eurynter; galacto; hyster; orchido; philic; ptosis; pyel; stasis; vesico Definition: cessation of milk secretion Selected Answer: galactostasis Question 3 1 out of 1 points Make use of the term parts given to form a medical term that matches the given definition. Type your answer in the space provided. Term parts: clysis; crymo; ectasia; eurynter; galacto; hyster; orchido; philic; ptosis; pyel; stasis; vesico Definition: device to dilate (the cervix of) the uterus Selected Answer: hystereurynter Question 4 1 out of 1 points Make use of the term parts given to form a medical term that matches the given definition. Type your answer in the space provided. Term parts: clysis; crymo; ectasia; eurynter; galacto; hyster; orchido; philic; ptosis; pyel; stasis; vesico Definition: downward displacement of the testes Selected Answer: orchidoptosis Question 5 1 out of 1 points

Make use of the term parts given to form a medical term that matches the given definition. Type your answer in the space provided. Term parts: arche; crypto; eurynter; men; mnesia; perineo; proct; rrhaphy; salpingo; spermat; tomy; uria Definition: subconscious (hidden) memory Selected Answer: cryptomnesia Question 6 1 out of 1 points Make use of the term parts given to form a medical term that matches the given definition. Type your answer in the space provided. Term parts: arche; crypto; eurynter; men; mnesia; perineo; proct; rrhaphy; salpingo; spermat; tomy; uria Definition: suture of the perineum Selected Answer: perineorrhaphy Question 7 1 out of 1 points Make use of the term parts given to form a medical term that matches the given definition. Type your answer in the space provided. Term parts: arche; crypto; eurynter; men; mnesia; perineo; proct; rrhaphy; salpingo; spermat; tomy; uria Definition: an instrument for dilation of the anus Selected Answer: procteurynter Question 8 1 out of 1 points Make use of the term parts given to form a medical term that matches the given definition. Type your answer in the space provided. Term parts: arche; crypto; eurynter; men; mnesia; perineo; proct; rrhaphy; salpingo; spermat; tomy; uria Definition: semen discharged with the urine Selected Answer: spermaturia Question 9 1 out of 1 points Pick the term part from the list below to complete the word in bold so that it matches the meaning given. ____uria: excessive urination during the night.

Selected Answer: noct Answers:

pyel olig lagn xanth noct py mast salping metr colp

Question 10 1 out of 1 points Pick the term part from the list below to complete the word in bold so that it matches the meaning given. Uretero____osis: suppurative inflammation within the ureter. Selected Answer: py Answers:

colp py metr xanth salping pyel mast lagn noct olig

Question 11 1 out of 1 points Pick the term part from the list below to complete the word in bold so that it matches the meaning given. ____ocele: hernia of the uterine tube. Selected Answer: salping

Answers:

noct mast olig salping xanth lagn pyel colp py metr

Question 12 1 out of 1 points Pick the term part from the list below to complete the word in bold so that it matches the meaning given. ____eurysis: surgical dilation of the vagina. Selected Answer: colp Answers:

olig colp metr lagn xanth mast py noct pyel salping

Question 13 1 out of 1 points Pick the term part from the list below to complete the word in bold so that it matches the meaning given. Algo____ia: sexual satisfaction derived by experiencing or inflicting pain. Selected Answer: lagn Answers:

metr

mast pyel lagn salping noct py xanth colp olig Question 14 1 out of 1 points Pick the term part from the list below to complete the word in bold so that it matches the meaning given. ____ospermia: deficiency of spermatozoa in the seminal fluid. Selected Answer: olig Answers:

py olig metr pyel mast salping xanth colp noct lagn

Question 15 2 out of 2 points Identify the combining forms which can be found in the bolded medical term. Type only each combining form, exactly as it is found in the word, in the spaces provided, 1 combining form per space. The combining forms in ovariocyesis are [a] and [b]. Specified Answer for: a ovari

Specified Answer for: b cye Question 16 2 out of 2 points Identify the combining forms which can be found in the bolded medical term. Type only each combining form, exactly as it is found in the word, in the spaces provided, 1 combining form per space. The combining forms in arthragra are [a] and [b]. Specified Answer for: a arthr Specified Answer for: b agra Question 17 1 out of 2 points Identify the combining forms which can be found in the bolded medical term. Type only each combining form, exactly as it is found in the word, in the spaces provided, 1 combining form per space. The combining forms in inguinolabial are [a] and [b]. Specified Answer for: a inguin Specified Answer for: b labia

Chapter 14: Musculoskeletal System ARTICULBREVI-12

JOINT SHORT

LIGAMENT-2 LUMB-

BURS-8 CARP-3

BURSA CARPUS, EIGHT BONES OF WRIST

MALLEMANU-10

LIGAMENT LOINS, PART OF BACK BETWEEN THORAX AND PELVIS MALLEUS (HAMMER) HAND

MUSCULPATELLPHALANG-6

MUSCLE5 PATELLA, KNEECAP (LITTLE DISH) PHALANX6

PLANT-

SOLE OF FOOT

RADISCAPULSKELETSTERN-

RADIUS (INNER BINE OF FOREARM) SCAPULA, SHOULDER BLADE SKELETON (DRIED UP) STERNUM, BREASTBONE

GENU-11

ELBOW FINGER, TOE FIBROUS MEMBRANE COVERING, SUPPORT AND SEPARATE MUSCLES (BAND) LITTLE BUNDLE, ESPECIALLY NERVES OR MUSCLE FIBRES FEMUR, THIGH BONE FIBRE FIBULA1 PASSAGE, OPENING HIATUS, HOLE IN BONE FOR VESSELS AND NERVES KNEE

SYNOV-, SYNOVI-

HUMERILI-

HUMERUS, ARM UPPER BONE ILIUM, FLANK

TIBIULN-

SYNOVIL FLUID, MEMBRANE, SAC TIBIA ULNA (INNER BONE OF FOREARM)

JOINT

CUBITDIGITFASCI-7

FASICUL-7 FEMORFIBRFIBULFORAMEN-, FORAMIN-

1. FIBULA- Mean clasp, buckle, brooch, pin - MEDICAL = long, thin outer bone of lower leg (resemble pin part of clasp) 2. LIGAMENT- Band of fibrous connective tissue connecting bones, cartilages and other structures - LATIN ligare = to bind 3. CARP- Bones of wrist (ossa carpi, carpal bones) named according to their shape ~ os scaphoideum = bone resembling (-oid) a boat (skaphe) os navicular = in ankle (navicula little boat) ~ os lunatum = moon shaped bone (luna = moon) ~ os triquetrum = triangular bone (triquetrus = triangular) ~ os pisiforme = pea shaped bone (pisum = pea) ~ os trapezium = little table bone (trapeze/trapezium = table) ~ os trapezoideum = bone resembling (-oid) a trapezium ~ os capitatum = head-shaped bone (caput = head) ~ os hamatum = hooked bone (hamatus = head) 4. OSS- (chapter 8 OS-) - Ossicles (small bones in ears) named after object they resemble ~ malleus = hammer

~ incus = anvil ~ stapes = stirrup 5. MUSCULUS- Musculus = muscle = MY-/MYS- (chapter 5) - LATIN – mus + culus = little mouse 6. PHALANX-, PHALANG- Phalanx = phalanges = line/row 7. FASCI-, FASCICUL- LATIN fascia = band/bandage - MEDICAL fascia = fibrous membrane that covers, supports and separated muscles or inner organs of body - Fasciculus = small bundle - MEDICAL fasciculus = little bundle, nerve or muscle fibres 8. BURS- LATIN bursa = leather sac - MEDICAL bursa = sac or cavity found on connective tissue close to joints ~ lined with synovial membrane (reduce friction between tendons and bones) 9. ACHILLES TENDON - Calcaneal/Achilles tendon = largest tendon (between gastrocnemius and soleus) 10. MANU- Manus = hand 11. GENU- genuflexion = to bend the knee 12. BREVI- BREV- = short 13. BUCC- Buccinator = swollen cheeks when blowing trumpet

*ANKYL- = crooked/bent *ARTHR- = joint, articulation *BRACHI- = arm *CEPHAL- = head *CERVIC- = neck, cervix uteri *CHONDR- = cartilage *CLAVIC- = clavicle *CRANI- = skull *CUT- = skin *DERMA(T)- = skin

*DESM- = ligament *-DESIS = binding/fixation *MY- = muscle *OSS- = bone *OSTE- = bone *RHACHI- = spinal column/vertebrae *SPHINCTER = circular muscle *SPONDYL- = vertebrae/vertebral column *TEN- = tendon *THORAC- = chest cavity, pleural cavity, thorax *striare = mark with streaks or lines *abductor = muscle that moves a part away from the median plane *adductor = muscle that moves a part toward the median plane *accelerator = muscle that accelerates *arrector = muscle that raises *attollens = muscle that raises or lifts a part (attollere = to lift up) *attrahens = muscle that brings a part closer (attrahere = to draw toward) *buccinator = muscles located in the check (bucca), which are used to blow air into trumpet (buccina) *corrugator = muscle that wrinkles *depressor = muscle that depresses *dilator = muscle that widens *extensor = muscle that extend part of the body *flexor = muscle that flexes or bends a part, bring two bones together *levator = muscle that lifts a part *tensor = muscle that tenses a part *rotator = muscle that rotates a part (revolve a part around it’s axis) *longus/longior/longissimus = long/longer/longest *brevis = short *latissimus = very wide *obliquus = a diagonal muscle *quadratus = square *transversus = muscle lying the long axis of a particular organ *verticalis = vertical *biceps = having 2 heads *triceps = having three heads *sphincter = circular muscle constricting an orifice *opponens = opposing *rectus =straight *vastus = great *superior = higher *inferior = lower *externus = external *internus = internal *lateralis = lateral *posterior = toward the back

Organ/part which muscle controls to which it is attached to: *intercostalis = between the ribs *interspinalis = between wo spinous processes of spine *articularis = of a joint *nasalis= of the nose *ani =of the anus *linguae = of the tongue *dorsi = of the back *auriculae = of the ear *pollicis = of the thumb *cubiti = of the elbow *digiti = of the finger/toe *hallucis = of the big toe *femoris = of the femur *musculus longus colli = long muscle of neck *musculus abductor digiti minimi pedis = abductor muscle of the smallest toe *musculus depressor anguli oris = depressor muscle of corner of the mouth *musculi intercostales interni = internal intercostal muscle *musculus levator palpebrae superioris = muscle which raises the upper eyelid *CONSTRICT- = TO DRAW, BIND TOGETHER *CORRUGAT- = TO CORRUGATE, WRINKLE *EXTENS- = TO EXTEND, EXPAND *LEVAT- = TO RAISE, LIFT UP *ARRECT- = TO GUIDE, DIRECT *ROTAT- = TO CAUSE, TURN AROUND *ACCELERAT- = TO ACCELERATE *ATTRAH- = TO DRAW, ATTRACT *ATTOLL- = TO RAISE, LIFT UP *BUCC13- = CHEECK *OPPON- = PUT OPPOSITE, BEFORE *TENS- = TO STRETCH OUT, EXTEND, SPREAD

Table of word endings for muscle descriptors (‘of’ = ‘belongs to’. Eg: The corner of the mouth, i.e.: the mouth’s corner) 1

2

3

4

Not ‘of’

‘of’

Not ‘of’

‘of’

Not ‘of’

‘of’

Not ‘of’

‘of’

Sing

-a

-ae

-us (-um)

-i

-*

-is

-us

-us

Plural

-ae

-arum

-i (-a)

-orum

-es

-um

-us

-uum

Examples of nouns from the 4 groups to illustrate how these ‘of’ endings are used The singular forms: 1. lingua (the tongue); linguae (of the tongue); auricula (ear); auriculae (of the ear) 2. anus (the anus); ani (of the anus); uterus (the womb); uteri (of the womb); nasus (nose); nasi (of the nose); dorsum (the back); dorsi (of the back); labium (lip); labii (of the lip) 3. cervix (the neck, cervix); cervicis (of the neck, cervix); pollex (the thumb); pollicis (of the thumb); cutis (skin); cutis* (of the skin); os (mouth); oris (of the mouth); caput (head); capitis (of the head) **4. genu (knee); genus (of the knee);

manus (hand); manus* (of the hand) *Where the two forms are the same, the context will help us to determine the meaning. **There are only two words in this group that you need to know.

The plural forms are not used so often as the singular forms, but here are a few plural forms: 1.

palpebrae (eyelids); palpebrarum (of the eyelids);

costae (ribs); costarum (of the ribs); 2. digiti (fingers/toes); digitorum (of the fingers/toes); pili (hair); pilorum (of the hair); neonati (newborns); neonatorum (of the newborns); labia (lips); labiorum (of the lips) 3. testes (testes); testium (of the testes)

Match the description to the term part/word that fits it best. a combining form that refers to a body part shaped like a little dish a Latin suffix that when added to the combining form pollic (‘thumb’) makes a word meaning ‘of the thumb’ one of the small bones of the ear named for its resemblance to a stirrup a combining form derived from the same Latin word from which the English word purse is derived a combining form that, in medical terminology, refers to a completely different part of the body than when it has a diminutive suffix added a part of the body named after a military formation a combining form used to describe the fun...