Chapter 10-12 mtl PDF

Preview

Summary

learning for tests...

Description

Chapter 10: Cardiovascular, haematopoietic, lymphatic and Immune systems ANEURYSM1

DILATION

CIRS-

ANGINAORTARCT(AT)ATHER ATRI-18 BLAST-

CHOKING PAIN AORTA COMPRESS FATTY DEPOSIT ATRIUM (RECEPTION ROOM) PRIMITIVE CELL, EMRYONIC STATE OF DEVELOPMENT A THROWING CAPILLARY HEART POINT RED STAIN STUFF, CRAM SUGAR, GLUCOSE ROUND BODY, GLOBE SUGAR, GLUCOSE CROWN GRANULE FLOWING IMMUNE, PROTECTED FROM NUCLEUS

LUMIN-7 LYMPH-9 MONNOD-10 OMPHALPAPILL-

-BOL-2 CAPILL-3 COR-, CORDCUSP-5, CUSPID EOSFARCT-6 GLUCGLOBEGLYCCORON-4 GRANULGURGIT-8 IMMUNKARY-

PHLEBPLASM-11, PLASMATSINUS-, SINSPHYGMSTAL-, STOL-12 STETHTENS-13 THROMB-2 THYM-14 THYR-15 -TRES-, -TRET-16 VALV-5 VARIC-, VARIX VENTR-17

DILATED, TWISTED VEIN, VARIX LUMEN, LIGHT LYMPH SINGLE NODE (KNOT, KNOB) NAVEL, UMBILICUS PAPILLA, LUMP, BULGE VEIN LIVING SUBSTANCE SINUS (CAVITY, HOLLOW) PULSE SEND CHEST TENSION BLOOD CLOT THYMUS GLAND THYROID GLAND (SHIELD) OPENING, PERFORATION VALVE DILATED AND TWISTED BELLY, ABDOMEN, ABDOMINAL CAVITY

1. ANEURYSM - Localised abnormal dilation of blood vessel (usually artery) or cardiac chamber ~ due to congenital defect OR weakness of vessel/heart wall 2. -BOL-, THROMB- GREEK THROMB- = a throwing - MEDICAL = obstruction (being thrown into) ~ blood clot = thrombus, thromboembolism/embolus, embolism, embolic ~ obstruction = loss or stoppage of blood flow (ischaemia) = infarction - -BOL- = chemical processes in living organism ~ metabolism sum of all chemical changes in organism ~ anabolism building up of chemical processes in organism ~ catabolism tearing down of chemical processes in organism 3. CAPILL- LATIN CAPILLUS = hair - CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM CAPILLARIES = hair-like vessels that connect smallest arteries (arterioles)with beginnings of smallest veins 4. CORON- Any structure in body referring to crown ~ corona capitis = crown of head

-

~ corona dentis = crown of tooth MEDICAL = coronary ~ coronary arteries arteries that supply blood to myocardium of heart ~ coronary thrombosis occlusion of coronary artery

5. CUSP-, VALV- CUSP- = points ~ bicuspid/tricuspid between R ventricle and R atrium valves having 2/3 points ~ bicuspid aka mitral valve one way valve between L atrium and L ventricle ~ mitre- tall, cleft-pointed hat ~ valve folds of folding door ~ bicuspid tooth a tooth with two cusps - VALV- = usually diminutive form ~ valvulitis inflammation of the valve ~ valvular pertaining to a valve 6. FARCT- Meaning stuff or cram - MEDICAL = infarct area of tissue in organ or part that undergoes necrosis due to cessation of blood supply

7. LUMIN- lumen interior space of tubular structure (artery, intestine) - can look through tube like structure if no obstructions occur 8. GURGIT- Usually combine with prefix re- (back, again) ~ therefore meaning: backward flowing of blood ~ aortic/cardiac/mitral/pulmonary regurgitation ~ duodenal regurgitation return flow of chyme to stomach 9. LYMPH- MEDICAL TERM LYMPH = clear, transparent fluid collected from tissue throughout body = flow in lymph vessels then added to venous blood circulation 10. NOD- Lymph nodes numerous round, oval, bean shaped bodies located along lymph vessels *lymph vessels remove excessive tissue fluid from all over body Nodes act as filters that keep bacteria from blood 11. PLASM- Plasma = colourless fluid of blood in which corpuscles/fat globules are suspended 12. STAL-, STOL- STOL~ diastole expansion period when heart dilates and atria+ventricles fill with blood ~ systole period during when heart contracts to send blood through arteries

13. TENS- Meaning tension ~ hypertension high blood pressure (caused by vasoconstriction) ~ hypotension low blood pressure (linked with vasodilation) 14. THYM- Thymus gland = lymphoid organ situated in neck/thorax = produce lymphocytes for immune response 15. THYR- (thyroid) - Thyroid gland (THYR- + -oid) part of lymphatic system that protect immune system ~ gland resembling a shield (protect/defend body against disease) 16. -TRES-, -TRET- Refer to congenital absence of normal body opening or tube structure ~ atresia (a-TRES-ia) congenital absence of opening ~ proctatresia congenital absence of normal opening in anus Due to membranous septum or absence of anal canal 17. VENTR- Basic meaning = belly (opposite of dorsum, back – abdominal cavity) - Diminutive form ventricle-i- combining vowel from Greek (ventriculus = little belly/cavity) ~ refer to lower chambers of heart or fluid filled cavities of brain. 18. ATRI- Cardiovascular system = chamber/cavity communicating with other structures - One of two upper cavities of heart receiving blood from veins *epicardium outer layer covering surface of heart *myocardium middle layer consisting of cardiac muscle *endocardium innermost layer that line chamber of heart and valves *pericardium sac-like membrane covering the heart *atrium/ventricle heart chambers *septum wall *semilunar valve shaped like half moon *carbon dioxide waste products *erythrocytes red blood cells *leukocytes white blood cells *thrombocytes platelets *erythropoiesis formation of erythrocytes *akaryocyte having no nucleus *hypoxia insufficient oxygen in body *granulocytes leukocytes containing granules *agranulocytes/nongranulocytes leukocytes without granules *coagulation process during which blood cells clump together to form a blood clot *haemostasis arrest of bleeding

Match the description to the term part/word that fits it best. a combining form that refers to a part of the heart that is named for the central court of a Roman house a compound ending that refers to a congenital absence of an opening a word meaning the loss or stoppage of blood flow a valve named for the two-pointed hat worn by bishops a combining form meaning ‘nucleus’ a word referring to the period when the heart contracts, sending blood through the arteries a combining form that is the synonym of ven a diminutive ending that, when added to the combining form ventr (‘belly’), makes a word referring to the lower chambers of the heart a combining form referring to the colourless fluid part of blood in which fat globules are suspended a combining form often used in medical terms to refer to blood clots, or chemical processes in a living organism

A. mitral B. atresia C. phleb D. atri E. icle F. ischaemia G. bol H. kary I. plasm J. systole

• Question 1 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: excessive amount of blood in the body Selected Answer: polyaemia Answers:

vasodilation

claudication infarct vasoconstrictor polyaemia aneurysm none the above angiomyoma diastole

• Question 2 0 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: compression of the walls of a vessel Selected Answer: vasoconstrictor Answers:

none the above vasoconstrictor diastole infarct aneurysm polyaemia claudication vasodilation angiomyoma

• Question 3 0 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: bulging of a particular place along a tube or vessel Selected Answer: none the above Answers:

polyaemia vasodilation claudication

aneurysm diastole angiomyoma none the above infarct vasoconstrictor

• Question 4 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: relaxation of the atria and ventricles Selected Answer: diastole Answers:

claudication polyaemia vasodilation vasoconstrictor infarct diastole angiomyoma none the above aneurysm

• Question 5 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: area of tissue damage caused by insufficient blood supply Selected Answer: infarct Answers:

vasodilation claudication aneurysm infarct diastole

vasoconstrictor angiomyoma polyaemia none the above

• Question 6 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: area of skin innervated by a spinal cord segment Selected Answer: dermatome Answers:

none of these options bilateral costosternal dermatome effusion auricular parietal sternopericardial superficial haemopericardium

• Question 7 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: on two sides Selected Answer: bilateral Answers:

none of these options effusion dermatome bilateral auricular costosternal

superficial parietal sternopericardial haemopericardium

• Question 8 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: more to the front Selected Answer: none of these options Answers:

effusion bilateral parietal costosternal none of these options haemopericardium auricular sternopericardial dermatome superficial

• Question 9 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: pertaining to the external portion of the ear Selected Answer: auricular Answers:

haemopericardium dermatome auricular costosternal bilateral effusion

sternopericardial superficial none of these options parietal

• Question 10 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: pertaining to a wall of any cavity Selected Answer: parietal Answers:

auricular sternopericardial parietal costosternal bilateral dermatome none of these options haemopericardium superficial effusion

• Question 11 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: disease of the heart muscle Selected Answer: cardiomyopathy Answers:

cardiomyopathy aortostenosis vasohypertonic none of these options dysrhythmia stethoscope

sphygmoscope cardiogenic karyophage arteriorrhexis

• Question 12 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: drug that acts to narrow the blood vessels Selected Answer: vasohypertonic Answers:

dysrhythmia cardiomyopathy sphygmoscope cardiogenic stethoscope aortostenosis arteriorrhexis none of these options vasohypertonic karyophage

• Question 13 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: a parasite that destroys a nucleus of a cell Selected Answer: karyophage Answers:

stethoscope arteriorrhexis none of these options sphygmoscope dysrhythmia vasohypertonic

karyophage cardiogenic cardiomyopathy aortostenosis

• Question 14 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: originating in the heart Selected Answer: cardiogenic Answers:

dysrhythmia karyophage aortostenosis stethoscope cardiomyopathy none of these options sphygmoscope vasohypertonic cardiogenic arteriorrhexis

• Question 15 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: instrument to show the heart’s movements Selected Answer: sphygmoscope Answers:

aortostenosis none of these options vasohypertonic stethoscope karyophage cardiogenic

dysrhythmia arteriorrhexis cardiomyopathy sphygmoscope

• Question 16 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: hardening of arterial walls due to fatty deposits Selected Answer: atherosclerosis Answers:

thrombembolism angioplasty myoischaemia thrombolysis atherosclerosis venostasis phlebophlebostomy none of these options cardiocentesis cirsomphalos

• Question 17 0 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: trapping of blood in an extremity from compression of a vein Selected Answer: none of these options Answers:

thrombembolism angioplasty phlebophlebostomy cardiocentesis thrombolysis cirsomphalos

none of these options venostasis atherosclerosis myoischaemia

• Question 18 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: dissolution of a blood clot Selected Answer: thrombolysis Answers:

phlebophlebostomy cardiocentesis angioplasty venostasis thrombembolism thrombolysis atherosclerosis none of these options cirsomphalos myoischaemia

• Question 19 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: localised deficiency of blood supply in muscle tissue Selected Answer: myoischaemia Answers:

thrombembolism angioplasty atherosclerosis thrombolysis venostasis cirsomphalos

none of these options phlebophlebostomy cardiocentesis myoischaemia

• Question 20 1 out of 1 points Choose the correct term to correspond with the given meaning: surgical repair of a blood vessel Selected Answer: angioplasty Answers:

thrombembolism angioplasty thrombolysis cardiocentesis myoischaemia atherosclerosis phlebophlebostomy venostasis cirsomphalos none of these options

Chapter 11: Respiratory System ALVE-1 AMYGDAL-2 ANTHRAC-, ANTHRAX4 BACILL-4 and 5 BACTER-, BACTERI-5 BRONCH-, BRONCHI-3 DIPLOGLOTT-7

HOLLOW, CAVITY TONSIL COAL, ANTHRAX BACILLUS BACTERIUM BRONCHUS DOUBLE GLOTTIS (BACK OF TONGUE)

PLEUR-11 PNEUM-, PNEUMAT-12 PNEUM-, PNEUMON12 SEP-13 SIDERSPIR-, SPIRAT-14 STAPHYL-15 -STAXIA, -STAXIS

CAPN-

CARBON DIOXIDE (basic element

STREPT-15

of smoke)

ORGANISMS FORMING TWISTED CHAINS)

COCC-, -COCCUS15 CONI-6, KONI-

COCCUS (SPHERICAL BACTERIUM) DUST

SUD-, SUDOR-16 THORAC-, THORAX 17

LARYNX, LARYNGLOB-8

LARYNX LOBE

PARESIS9

SLACKENING OF STRENGTH, PARALYSIS PHARYNX (THROAT) AIR, GAS

TONSILL-2 TRACH-, TRACHE-, TRACHY-18 TUBER-19

PHARYNX, PHARYNGPHYS- (II)10

PLEURA (SIDE) AIR, GAS LUNG BE INFECTED IRON BREATHE UVULA, PALATE DRIPPING, OOZING OF BLOOD STREPTOCOCCI (MICRO-

TUSSVIR-, VIRU-

SWEAT CHEST CAVITY, PLEURAL CAVITY, THORAX TONSIL TRACHEA (ROUGH) A SWELLING COUGH VIRUS

1. ALVE- Diminutive form = alveolus/alveoli (small air sacs of lungs) 2. AMYGDAL-, TONSILL- Almond like appearance of small, rounded masses of lymphoid tissue ~ tonsillitis inflammation of a tonsil ~ amygdalotome instrument for excision of a tonsil 3. BRONCH-, BRONCHI- Diminutive form = bronchioles/bronchiole smaller divisions of bronchial tubes 4. BACILL-, ANTHRAX, ANTHRAC- Bacillus rod shaped micro-organism sometimes appearing in chains, non-pathogenic ~ bacillus anthracis cause anthrax (acute infectious disease) 5. BACTER-, BACTERI-, BACILL- Bacillus rod shaped bacteria 6. CONI- Pneumoconiosis/coniosis condition affecting respiratory tract owing to inhalation of dust particles ~ siderosis iron particles in dust ~ silicosis silicon particles in dust ~ asbestosis asbestos particles in dust ~ baritosis barium particles in dust ~ bysinnosis cotton, flax, hemp particles in dust

~ stanosis tin particles in dust ~ black lung coal particles in dust 7. GLOTT- glottis slit between true vocal cords, help produce sound - epiglottis lid like uppermost cartilage that cover entrance to larynx 8. LOB- Lobe part hanging down - Respiratory system refers to major divisions of lungs - Diminutive suffix = indicate small lobe/subdivision of lobe ~ lobules of lung units of lung consisting of a respiratory bronchiole and its branches 9. PARESIS - Meaning falling or slackening or letting go of strength - Medical = partial or incomplete paralysis 10. PHYS- Emphysema one of most dangerous conditions (associated with cigarette smoking) ~ em- (in)/PHYS- (blow)/-ema (condition) condition of being blown up ~ chronic condition where alveoli of lungs blew up/overexpansion and destruction of alveoli = lung losing elasticity 11. PLEUR- Pleura serious membrane encasing the lungs, lining thoracic cavity and enclose pleural cavity 12. PNEUM-, PNEUMAT-, PNEUMON- DO NOT CONFUSE, TAKE CONTEXT IN CONSIDERATION - pneumocentesis surgical puncture of lung - pneumohaemia presence of air in blood - LATIN PULMO-, PULMON- = lung (limited usage) - PULMO- ~ pulmo-aortic, pulmometry, pulmolith - PULMON- ~ pulmonitis, pulmonectomy, pulmonary (vein) - GREEK PNEUM-, PNEUMON- = involving the lungs 13. SEP-, SEPT- GREEK SEP- = to be infected ~ septic pertaining to sepsis - LATIN SEPT- = wall or partition ~ septoplasty plastic surgery of nasal septum - LATIN SEPT-2nd meaning = seven ~ septipara someone who gave birth for 7th time (para = woman who has given birth) ~ septigravida someone who has been pregnant 7 times (gravida = pregnant) 14. SPIR-, SPIRAT- Same as PNOE- means to breathe - Bined with prefixes in-, ex-, r- = total breathing process ~ inspiration inhalation, draw air into lungs ~ expiration expulsion of air from lungs ~ respiration total act of breathing (inhale + exhale = respiratory system)

15. STAPHYL-, STREPT-, COCC-, -COCCUS - GREEK STAPHYL-bunch of grapes + o + -COCCUS bacterial type = micro-organism that cluster together like grapes ~ streptococcus micro-organism that form twisted chains (STREPT- = twisted) 16. SUD-, SUDOR-, HIDR-, PHOR-, SPIR- sudor = sweat - sudoresis = profuse sweating - hidrosis = sweat, excessive sweating - diaphoresis = profuse sweating (GREEK dia + phoros = a carrying through) - perspiration = sweat (LATIN per + spirare = to breathe through) 17. THORAC-, THORAX - Thorax body cavity between base of neck and diaphragm ~ lungs + respiratory system situated in thorax - thoracoscopy investigate thorax visually - endoscope instrument to observe inside of hollow organ ~ thoracoscope = instrument observe thorax internally - endoscopic thoracotomy = describe use of endoscope to perform thoracotomy - endoscopic surgery = modern surgery conducted by means of endoscopes 18. TRACH-, TRACHE-, TRACHY- Trachea = passage reinforced by cartilage rings for air to reach bronchial tubes - Trachea = rough due to cartilage artery (believed arteries carried air) 19. TUBER- Diminutive form tubercle = small rounded swelling in organ ~ characteristic of tuberculosis (aka consumption and phthisis) ~ disease caused by myocobacterium tuberculosis organism *alveoli small sac like cavities *pleura sac-like structure with 2 layers 1 visceral inner layer 2 parietal outer layer *PNOE- = BREATHING *RHIN- = NOSE *NAS- = NOSE *SINUS-/SIN- = SINUS *OR- = MOUTH *STOM- = MOUTH *AER- = AIR/GAS *SEPT- = WALL *PHREN- = MIND/DIAGPHRAGM *(DIA)PHRAGM- = DIAPHRAGM *OESOPHAG- = OESOPHAGUS *OXY- = ACUTE, POINTED, RAPID, OXYGEN

Match the description to the term part/word that fits it best. H a combining form that closely resembles the combining form meaning ‘wall’ G a combining form that refers to a type of bacterium that resembles a berry I a word that means a falling or slackening or letting go (of strength) so that it refers to partial or complete paralysis in medical terminology D the word used by ancient Greek physicians to refer to tuberculosis C one of the many words that refers to a type of sweating A a combining form that is a synonym of tonsill J two combining forms that are identical to each other but come from two different words, so the same form can mean either ‘air, gas’ or ‘lung’ K a combining form that has many meanings, including palate, uvula or a type of bacterium shaped like a bunch of grapes B a combining form referring to a part of the body named for its roughness resulting from the rings of cartilage that surround it E a combining form that refers to a type of bacterium, but also refers to coal

F a diminutive ending that when added to a combining form meaning ‘hallow or cavity’, makes a word referring to the small air sacs of the lungs

A. amygdal B. trache C. diaphoresis D. phthisis E. anthrac F. oli G. coccus H. sep I. paresis J. pneum K. staphyl

• Question 1 2 out of 2 points Identify the combining forms which can be found in the bolded medical term. Type only each combining form, exactly as it is found in the word, in the spaces provided, 1 combining form per space. The combining forms in hypoxaem...