Multicultural Psychology PDF

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Chapter 1 What is Multicultural Psychology?

definitions of culture= the values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people, shared through symbols and passed down from generation to generation narrow broad includes greater diversity, or recognition that differences go beyond race, ethnicity, and nationality multicultural psychology acknowledges that ALL BEHAVIOR OCCURS IN AND IS IMPACTED BY A CULTURAL CONTEXT Race= Biological concept of race - a group of people who share a specific combination of physical, genetically inherited characteristics that distinguish them from other groups Sociocultural concept of race - characteristics, values, and behaviors associated with groups of people who share different physical characteristics serve the social purpose of providing a way for outsiders to view another group and for members of a group to perceive themselves. Ethnictiy=a combination of race and culture

Culture and Worldview= Culture is a characteristic of a group, but is also reflected in the influence it has on individual members of that group culture impacts our worldview= a psychological perception of the environment that determines how we think, feel, and behave multicultural psychology= systematic study of all aspects of human behavior as it occurs in settings where people of different cultural backgrounds encounter each other, interact focuses on human behavior within culturally heterogeneous settings cross-cultural psychology= focuses on comparing aspects of human behavior as they occur across or BETWEEN CULTURES OR COUNTRIES

basic assumptions of multiculturalism= tolerance= a pair, open, and objective attitude toward people and ideas that differ from yours respect= to value, appreciate, and show regard or consideration for differences inclusion= active efforts to reverse the historical exclusion of certain groups in society sensitivity= awareness that cultural differences exist and taking these differences into account in our interactions equity= equal access to opportunities and resources, this includes providing extra assistance to those who have historically not been given equal access empowerment= helping members of marginalized and mistreated groups stand up for their rights social justice= efforts aimed at providing equal distributions of rights, privileges, opportunities, and resources within a society social change= widespread change in the institutions, behaviors, and relationships within a society Why do we need the field multicultural psychology= "We need multicultural psychology because the US is multicultural society.... a setting where people of different backgrounds encounter one another" all individuals exist in social, political, historical, and economic contexts, and psychologists are increasingly called upon to understand the influence of these contexts on individuals behavior multicultural psychology contributes to other professional fields APA and NIH guidelines multiculturalism impacts the way we diagnose mental health disorders The biopsychosocial model= most psychologists now recognize that human behavior is caused by a combination of factors= biological

cognitive affective social interpersonal social institutional Cultural history and influences= 1879 - Wundt "Birth of Psychology" 1910 - Haddon & ethnical psychology 1916 - Terman and the standardization of IQ based on European Americans in California 1930's - Psychologists of color began entering graduate schools, protesting the negative images 1939 - Clark landmark doll study 1971 - cross published on racial identity expansion of our understanding of multicultural psychology= gender differences LGBTQ differences disability issues differences in religion social class differences age differences APA's response to multicultural issues= late 60s/early 70s- poor response led to groups breaking away from APA 1973- vail conference 1978- dulles conference 1979- office of ethnic minority affairs established 1987- division 45 founded

1992- APA ethics code first addresses diversity issues 2008- APA publishes multicultural guidelines 2017- APA multicultural guidelines, revised, including issues of identity and intersectionality

diversity acknowledgement of individual human differences that go beyond race, ethnicity, and nationality, such as age, gender, sexual orientation, religion, socioeconomic status, and physical ability Intersectionality the meaningful ways in which various social statuses interact and result in differing experiences with oppression and privilege cultural contact critical incidents in which people from different cultures come into social contact with one another either (a) by living and working with one another on a daily basis, or (b) through visiting other countries on a temporary basis, such as for business, tourism, or study multiculturalism as the fourth force the idea that multicultural psychology is so important that it will fundamentally change the direction of the field of psychology, as psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanism did paradigm shift a major change in the way people think about a field negative cognitive triad Beck's label for the negative view depressed individuals tend to have of themselves, the world, and the future critical consciousness the ability of individuals to take perspective on their immediate cultural, social, and political environment, to engage in critical dialogue with it, bringing to bear fundamental

moral commitments including concerns for justice and equity, and to define their own place with respect to the surrounding reality, constitutes an important human faculty structuralism The first formal school of thought in psychology, aimed at analyzing the basic elements, or structure, of conscious mental experience. structural introspection the method that structuralists used to examine the contents of people's minds ethnical psychology the study of the minds of "other races and peoples" eugenics a movement that maintains that only "good genes" should be passed from generation to generation and that "undesirable" groups should be dissuaded from reproducing...