Multicultural Psychology Textbook/Lecture Notes PDF

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Chapters 1-5 notes, Ramona Roberts, Multicultural Psychology 5th edition by Oxford University Press...

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9/15/21 Multicultural psychology systematic study of behavior, cognition, and affect in settings where people of different backgrounds interact Culture the values, beliefs, and practices of a group of people, shared through symbols, and passed down from generation to generation Biological concept of race race is a group of people who share a combo of physical, genetically inherited characteristics that distinguish them from other groups Sociocultural concept of race characteristics, values, and behaviors that have been associated with groups who share different physical characteristics serve the social purpose of providing a way for outsiders to view another group and for members of a group to perceive themselves. Ethnicity a combo of race and culture Intersectionality the meaningful ways that various social statuses (gender, race, sexuality, etc) interact and result in differing experiences with oppression and privledge. Oppressions are interlinked and cannot be solved alone. Culture contact critical incidents in which people from different cultures come into social contact with one another either A) by living and working with one another on a daily basis or B) through visiting other countries on a temporary basis such as for business, tourism, study. Basic assumptions of multiculturalism Tolerance a fair open and objective attitude toward people and ideas that differ from yours Respect to value, appreciate, and show regard or consideration for differences Inclusion active efforts to reverse the historical exclusion of certain groups in society Sensitivity the awareness that cultural differences exist and taking these differences into account in our interactions Equality assumes that everyone is equal such as the belief that one person vote in the election means the same as another’s vote Equity recognizes differences and injustices and helps to provide remedies for these injustices Empowerment helping members of marginalized groups stand up for their rights Social justice efforts aimed at providing equal distribution of rights, privileges, resources, and opportunities within a society Social change widespread changes in institutions, behaviors, and relationships, within a society Whitelash the backlash exhibited by European Americans in response to the changing demographics in society, particularly embodied by the election of Barack Obama as president by a minority of European American voters but a majority of votes by people of color The fourth force the idea that multicultural psychology is so important that is will fundamentally change our understanding of society Gender, lgbt, disability, religion, social class, and age differences 09/29/21 Worldview

a psychological perception of the world that determines how we think,

behave, and feel Etic vs Emic perspectives ● Etic an attempt to build theories of human behavior by examining commonalities across many cultures ● Emic an attempt to derive meaningful concepts within one culture ● Imposed etics the imposition of one culture’s worldview on another culture assuming that one’s own worldviews are universal Delay of gratification the ability to wait for a more desirable reward instead of taking the less desirable reward immediately Male and female differences in worldview ● Issues of safety ● Sexual harassment ● Choice of having children ● Workforce issues Well-meaning clashes cultural differences in interpretation that are not meant to harm others but that cause problems because there are different emic interpretations of situations of concepts Individualism a social pattern in which individuals tend to be motivated by their own preferences, needs, and rights when they come into conflict with those of a group or collective in which the individual is a member Collectivism a social pattern in which individuals tend to be motivated by the group’s or collective’s preferences, needs, and rights when they come into conflict with an individual. Idiocentrism individualistic tendencies that reside within an individual. individuals=ism refers to the society whereas idiocentrism refers to an individual Allocentrism collectivistic tendencies that reside within an individual. Collectivism refers to the society whereas allocentrism refers to an individual Countercultural individuals idiocentric individuals residing in a collectivistic culture, or an allocentric individual residing in an individualistic culture Kluckhohn and strodtbeck’s value orientation model ● Time focus ● Human activity ● Social relations ● people/nature relationship Derald Wing Sue’s worldview model ● Locus of control ● Locus of worldview Janet helm’s identification of ethnic groups ALANA african americans, latinxs, asian americans, and native americans VREG acronym for members of visible racial and etnic groups 10/6/21 Tarasoff V regents of the University of California Cultural differences in communication Halo, Reverse Halo, Horn effects

Cooperative Principle a psycholinguistic term that assumes that we strive to communicate with one another sincerely and effectively when we engage in a conversation. Maxim of quality suggests that we tell each other the truth when we engage in a conversation Maxim of quantity suggests that we contribute to an appropriate amount of talk when we engage in conversation Maxim of relevance suggests that our discussion is relevant to the topic Maxim of manner suggests that we are clear in our language and that we pay attention to normal standards of conversation, such as not shouting at someone who is right in front of us Relations with conversational partner suggests that we use our previous relationship with our partner so that we do not have to repeat shared experiences Identify when you are breaking one of the conversational maxims. Rule violations Nonverbal communication Proxemics personal space in conversation Kinesics body language Paralanguage nonverbal cues in conversation such as volume, silences, and rate of speech High-context communication communication in which the context conveys much of the meaning. Low-context communication language-dependent communication, in which the words carry most of the meaning and context plays a lesser role. Direct communication blunt communication that is literal and to the point. Indirect communication communication that relies on context and the receiver’s ability to draw inferences. Negative stereotyping stereotyping that casts African Americans in a negative light, or that limits discussion to “African American topics' ' such as athletics and music. Acceptance the feeling that one is accepted as an equal in the conversation. Personal expressiveness speaking from the heart and not the head. Authenticity being truthful and not trying to be merely politically correct. Understanding the sense that a conversational partner has enough experience to truly understand the African American experience. Goal attainment This refers to the goal of mutual understanding between two conversational partners. Power dynamics powerlessness and assertiveness in conversations with African Americans. Tag questions questions added to a statement of assertion, such as “This is good, don’t you think?” Qualifiers words or phrases that soften statements, such as “I may be wrong, but . . .” Additive bilingualism the acquisition of a second language that does not replace the native language. Subtractive bilingualism the acquisition of a second language that replaces the native language. Language attrition equivalent to subtractive bilingualism.

Native bilingualism the ability to speak two languages from birth, acquired because both languages are spoken in the household....