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Name:Rohit B Harshe Roll No:- 30 Enrollment No:-Practical No(A)Aim:- Install and configure antivirus software on system.Requirements:- Computer system with i5 Intel processor having 8 GB RAM and 1 TB Hard-disk Quick heal antivirus Operating system:- Windows Steps for installing antivirus:- If you pu...

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Network and Information System Name:Rohit B Harshe Roll No:- 30 Enrollment No:-1801320123

Practical No.1(A) Aim:- Install and configure antivirus software on system. Requirements:• Computer system with i5 Intel processor having 8 GB RAM and 1 TB Hard-disk • Quick heal antivirus • Operating system:- Windows

Steps for installing antivirus:• If you purchased the antivirus program from a retail store, insert the CD or DVD into the computer's disc drive. The installation process should start automatically, with a window opening to help guide you through the install process. • If you downloaded the antivirus program on the Internet, find the downloaded file on your computer. If the downloaded file is a zip file, unzip the file to extract and access the installation files. Look for a file named setup.exe, install.exe, or something similar, then double-click that file. The installation process should start, with a window opening to help guide you through the install process. • In the installation process window, follow the steps provided to install the antivirus program. The install process provides recommended options so the antivirus program will function properly, which in most cases can be accepted as is. The one exception is if the install process recommends to install any toolbars for Internet browsers or other helpful programs for your computer. If prompted to install other software with the antivirus program, uncheck all boxes or decline the install of those extra programs. No additional programs should be needed for the antivirus program to install and run successfully on your computer. • When the install process is complete, close out of the install window. • If used, remove the CD or DVD from the computer's disc drive.

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In this practical we study about how to install and configure an antivirus on system

Practical 1(B) Aim: - Set up operating system update. Requirements:• Computer system with i5 Intel processor having 8 GB RAM and 1 TB Hard-disk • Operating system:- Windows

Steps for set up operating system update:• Open Windows Update by clicking the Start button in the lower-left corner. In the search box, type Update, and then, in the list of results, click either Windows Update or Check for updates • Click the Check for updates button and then wait while Windows looks for the latest updates for your computer • If you see a message telling you that important updates are available, or telling you to review important updates, click the message to view and select the important updates to download or install • In the list, click the important updates for more information. Select the checkboxes for any updates that you want to install, and then click OK • Click Install updates

Conclusion Antivirus programs help prevent viruses and spyware from infecting a computer and therefore are one of the essential software programs each computer should have running at all times. There are thousands of viruses and spyware on the Internet, and any one of them can cause damage to personal files or the computer's operating system.

PRACTICAL NO:- 2ND Aim:- Perform the backup and restore system 2|Page

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Requirements:• Computer system with i5 Intel processor having 8 GB RAM and 1 TB Hard-disk • Operating system:- Windows

Steps for Backup on windows 10:• Back up There are several ways to back up your PC.

1. Select the Start button, then select Control Panel > System and Maintenance > Backup and Restore.

2. Do one of the following: ▪

If you've never used Windows Backup before, or recently upgraded your version of Windows, select Set up backup, and then follow the steps in the wizard.

▪

If you've created a backup before, you can wait for your regularly scheduled backup to occur, or you can manually create a new backup by selecting Back up now.

▪

If you’ve created a backup before, but want to make a new, full backup rather than updating the old one, select Create new, full backup, and then follow the steps in the wizard.

Steps for Restore on windows 10:If you're missing an important file or folder that you've backed up, here's how to get it back: 1. In the search box on the taskbar, type restore files, and then select Restore your files with File History. 2. Look for the file you need, then use the arrows to see all its versions. 3. When you find the version you want, select Restore to save it in its original location. To save it in a different place, right-click Restore, select Restore to, and then choose a new location. 4. Find your backups created on previous versions of Windows 5. If you used Backup and Restore to back up files or create system image backups in previous versions of Windows, your old backup is still available in Windows 10. In the search box on the 3|Page

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taskbar, type control panel. Then select Control Panel > System and Security > Backup and Restore (Windows 7).

• Restore files from a file backup after restoring your computer from a system image backup

After you restore your computer from a system image backup, there may be newer versions of some of your files in a file backup that you want to restore. To restore files from a file backup that was created after the system image backup was created, follow these steps.

1. Select the Start button, then select Control Panel > System and Maintenance >Backup and Restore.

2. Choose Select another backup to restore files from.

If you're prompted for an administrator password or confirmation, type the password or provide confirmation.

3. In Backup Period, select the date range of the backup that contains the files that you want to restore, and then follow the steps in the wizard.

Conclusion In this practical we learnt about how to perform backup and restore on windows 10.

Practical No.3 Aim: Setup Password to the Operating System and Application Create a Password in the Control Panel

Assuming you haven't configured Windows to automatically log in, chances are you simply don't have a password set for your Windows account. You need to correct this by creating a password right now. You can make one from Control Panel. Once you have, you must use it to log on to 4|Page

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Windows from that point forward. That is, unless you at some point remove your Windows password. The specific steps you need to follow to create a Windows logon password differ somewhat depending on the operating system you're using. See What Version of Windows Do I Have? if you're not sure which of those several versions of Windows is installed on your computer. It's always a good idea to create a password reset disk after creating a new password. If your password is really complex and you don't want to make a reset disk, consider storing it in a password manager. How to Create a Windows 10 or Windows 8 Password

1. Open Control Panel. The easiest way to do that in Windows 10 is by executing control from the Start menu or Run dialog box. In Windows 8, use the Power User Menu by pressing Win+X.

2. Select User Accounts (Windows 10) or User Accounts and Family Safety (Windows 8).

3. Open User Accounts. 4. Choose Make changes to my account in PC settings. 5. Select Sign-in options from the left. 6. Under the Password area, choose Add. 7. Enter the new password in the first two text fields. You have to do it twice to make sure you type the password correctly.

8. In the Password hint field, enter something that will help you remember the password should you forget it, and then select Next.

9. Hit Finish to complete the new password setup. 10.

You can now exit out of any windows you opened to make the password, like Settings or PC settings.

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1. Open Control Panel from the Start menu. 2. Select User Accounts and Family Safety (Windows 7) or User Accounts (Windows Vista).

3. Choose User Accounts. 4. In the Make changes to your user account area, select Create a password for your account.

5. Type the password you want to use in the first two text boxes. 6. Enter something useful in the Type a password hint text box. This step is optional but we highly recommend that you use it. If you try logging in to Windows but enter the wrong password, this hint will pop up, hopefully jogging your memory.

7. Choose Create password to confirm your new password. 8. You can now close out of any open windows you used to reach the page for changing the password. How to Create a Windows XP Password

1. Navigate to Start > Control Panel. 2. Choose User Accounts. If you're in the Category View of Control Panel, you'll need to select it again on the next screen.

3. Select your username in the, or pick an account to change area. 4. Choose the Create a password link.

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5. In the first two text boxes, enter the password you would like to start using. 6. Choose Create Password to confirm your new password. 7. The next screen might ask Do you want to make your files and folders private? . If other user accounts will be set up on this PC and you'd like to keep your personal files private, select Yes, Make Private. If you're not concerned about this kind of security or this account is the only account on your PC, you can choose No.

8. You can now close the User Accounts window and the Control Panel window. Conclusion: Security refers to providing a protection system to computer system resources such as CPU, memory, disk, software programs and most importantly data/information stored in the computer system. If a computer program is run by an unauthorized user, then he/she may cause severe damage to computer or data stored in it. So a computer system must be protected against unauthorized access, malicious access to system memory, viruses, worms etc.

Practical No. 4 Aim: Apply security to file folder or application using access permission and verify. Steps to Assign File/Folder Permissions 1. Go to “Start Menu” ➔ “Administrative Tools”, and click “Group Policy Management” to access its console. 2. In left panel of “Group Policy Management Console”, you have to create a new Group Policy Object or edit an existing Group Policy Object. 3. To create a new GPO, right click “Group Policy Objects”, and select “New” from the 7|Page

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context menu. It shows “New GPO” window.

Figure 1: Creating a new GPO 4. Enter a name for the Group Policy Object (GPO) (in this case it is Assigning Folder Permissions), leave “Source Starter GPO” as “(none)”.

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5. Right-click on the newly created “User Folder Permissions” GPO, and select “Edit GPO”. Group Policy Management Editor window appears on the screen 6. Navigate to “Computer Configuration” ➔ “Policies” ➔ “Windows Settings” ➔ “Security Settings” ➔ “File System”

Figure 2: Navigate to File System 7. Right-click on “File System” in the left pane and select “Add File…” It shows the following dialog box

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. Figure 3: Select file or folder which you want to assign permissions on 8. Browse the folder or file that you wish to assign permissions on, and left click to select it. Click “OK”. 9. “Database Security” window appears on the screen

Figure 4: Database security window 10. Click “Advanced” button to access “Advanced Security Settings” window. Stay on the “Permissions” tab that appears by default.

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Figure 5: Advanced security settings window 11. On this tab, either select an existing user and click “Edit…” or click “Add…” to add a new user to the permissions. 12. “Permissions Entry for…” dialog box opens up. Here, you will see that there is a list of permissions available for your users, and you can also choose where you want to apply those permissions.

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Figure 6: Permissions entry folders 13. Use the drop-down menu in the “Apply to” field to assign selected permissions to desired folders. 14. Check the permissions as needed. These are self-explanatory. 15. Click “OK” to apply the permissions. It takes you back to “Advanced Security” window. 16. Now, move to the “Auditing” tab. Under this tab, you can do audit settings for the folder, so that any change done to this folder or its permission will be audited. Configure the auditing settings as per requirement.

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17. Similarly, you can do ownership settings for the folder under “Owner” tab. 18. Once you have done “Permission”, “Auditing” and “Ownership” settings, click “OK” to close “Advanced Security…” window. 19. Click “OK” to close “Database Security…” window. Next, you will see “Add Object” window.

Figure 7: Add object window 20. There are three options on the “Add Object” window:

a. Configure this file or folder then: Select this option to apply the settings. It contains i.

the following two options. Propagate inheritable permissions to all subfolders and files: Selecting this option means, all the subfolders and files will inherit permissions from the parent folder. In case of a mismatch or conflict, explicit permissions that

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were assigned permissions.

ii.

to the subfolders

or files will override

the inherited

Replace existing permissions on all subfolders and files with inheritable permissions: This option will overwrite all the settings on all subfolders and files with the ones on the parent, so ultimately they will have identical permissions to the parent folder.

b. Do not allow permissions on this file or folder to be replaced: Use this setting for subfolders and files that you do not want to inherit permissions. For this, make an additional entry for those subfolders and files that will not inherit permissions e.g. let’s say you want the “A” folder to inherit permission but don’t want “B” folder to inherit permissions, in that case create an entry for the “B” folder.

21. Close “Group Policy Management Editor” window. 22. Right-click the domain you want to apply this GPO to, and then select “Link an Existing GPO…” option from the context menu. “Select GPO” window opens up

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Figure 8: Select the new GPO

23. Select the new “Assigning Folder Permissions” GPO, then click OK. 24. In the right pane, stay on the “Linked Group Policy Objects” tab that appears by default.

25. Right-click on the “Assigning Folder Permissions”, and select “Enforced” from the context menu. A confirmation message appears on the screen.

26. Click “OK” to close the dialog box.

Conclusion: Assigning permissions for each file and folder individually can be complex and time consuming. To avoid going through the annoyances of changing permissions for a bunch of folders individually, we can use Group Policy to do it. In this article, you will see the process of assigning file and folder permissions across a domain through GPO. These instructions can be extremely helpful, and save your time if you have to assign permissions to a large number of systems with a common setup.

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Practical No. 5 Aim: Write a program to implement Caesar Cipher Introduction: Algorithm of Caesar Cipher The algorithm of Caesar cipher holds the following features − •

Caesar Cipher Technique is the simple and easy method of encryption technique.

•

It is simple type of substitution cipher.

•

Each letter of plain text is replaced by a letter with some fixed number of positions down with alphabet.

The following diagram depicts the working of Caesar cipher algorithm implementation −

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Explanation The plain text character is traversed one at a time. • For each character in the given plain text, transform the given character as per the rule depending on the procedure of encryption and decryption of text. •

After the steps is followed, a new string is generated which is referred as cipher text.

Feature of Caesar Cipher Algorithm

This algorithm consists of a few features that are given below. o This technique is quite simple to apply encryption. o Each text is replaced by the fixed number of position down or up with the alphabet. o It is a simple type of substitute cipher. There is an integer value required to define each latter of the text that has been moved down. This integer value is also known as the shift. We can represent this concept using modular arithmetic by first transmuting the letter into numbers, according to the schema, A = 0, B = 1, C = 2, D = 3 Z = 25. The following mathematical formula can be used to shift n letter. The program implementation of Caesar cipher algorithm is as follows –

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Program:

#A python program to illustrate Caesar Cipher Technique def encrypt(text,s): result = "" # traverse text for i in range(len(text)): char = text[i] # Encrypt uppercase characters if (char.isupper()): result += chr((ord(char) + s-65) % 26 + 65) # Encrypt lowercase characters else: result += chr((ord(char) + s - 97) % 26 + 97) return result #check the above function text = "ATTACKATONCE" s=4 print ("Text : " + text) print ("Shift : " + str(s)) print ("Cipher: " + encrypt(text,s))

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Output:

Conclusion:

The Caesar Cipher technique is one of the earliest and simplest method of encryption technique. It’s simply a type of substitution cipher, i.e., each letter of a given text is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. For example with a shift of 1, A would be replaced by B, B would become C, and so on. The method is apparently named after Julius Caesar, who apparently used it to communicate with his officials. Thus to cipher a given text we need an integer value, known as shift which indicates the number of position each letter of the text has been moved down

Practical No. 6 Aim: Write a program to implement Vernam Cipher

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Introduction: Vernam Cipher in Cryptography Vernam Cipher is a method of encrypting alphabetic text. It is one of the Transposition techniques for converting a plain text into a cipher text. In this mechanism we assign a number to each character of the Plain-Text, like (a = 0, b = 1, c = 2, … z = 25). Method to take key: In Vernam cipher algorithm, we take a key to encrypt the plain text which length should be equal to the length of the plain text.

Encryption Algorithm:

1. Assign a number to each character of the plain-text and the key according to alphabetical order.

2. Add both the number (Corresponding plain-text character number and Key character number()

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3. Subtract the number from 26 if the added number is greater...