Nomenclature Booklet SCH3U3 ANS PDF

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Names&and&Formulas&of&Binary&Ionic&Compounds&& Valence&Value! The!valence!value!of!an!element!is!defined!as!the!number!of!electrons!an!atom!of!that!element!will! gain/lose/share!when!forming!a!compound.!Elements!have!a!valence!value!determined!by!their!group!on! the!Periodic!table!unless!otherwise!indicated!by!the!name.! !! I! 2! ! 3! 4! 3! 2! 1! 0! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! After!you!have!figured!out!what!type!of!compound!it!is!(ionic!or!covalent),!it’s!time!to!give!it!a!chemical! name!and!formula.!!Many!ionic!compounds!are!made!of!two!elements:!!metal!and!non-metal.!!Therefore! the!name!of!an!ionic!compound!has!two!parts.! ! 1st:&&Metal&ion&&

&

&

2nd:&&Non-metal&ion&

& NOTE:!!When!naming!ionic!compounds!the!metal!ion!remains!the!same!as!the!neutral!metal!atom.!!BUT!the! non-metal!ion!changes!to!“ide”! Table:&&Names&and&Charges&of&Common&Anions& Name&of&Element&

Name&of&Ion&

Ionic&Charge&

Ion&Symbol&

Fluorine!

Fluoride!ion!

-1!

F-!

Chlorine!

Chloride!ion!

-1!

Cl-!

Bromine!

Bromide!ion!

-1!

Br-!

Iodine!

Iodide!ion!

-1!

I-!

Oxygen!

Oxide!ion!

-2!

O2-!

Sulfur!

Sulfide!ion!

-2!

S2-!

Nitrogen!

Nitride!ion!

-3!

N3-!

phosphorus!

phosphide!

-3!

P3-!

Notes:! a) When!naming!compounds,!the!least!electronegative!element!is!usually!written!first.! 22b) Groups!of!elements!such!as!SO4 !and!CO3 !are!referred!to!as!radicals!or!polyatomic!ions.!These! radicals!behave!as!if!they!were!a!single!entity!and!follow!the!cross!over!rule!in!the!same!manner!as! other!single!elements.!Brackets!are!used!in!the!formula!only!if!there!are!2!or!more!of!the!radical! indicated!in!the!formula.!For!example,!brackets!are!used!in!Al2(SO4)3!but!not!Na2SO4.!

! 1

Formula-to-name&steps:& Write!the!chemical!name!of!CaCl2& Step!1!

Use!the!periodic!table!to!name!the!metal!ion!

calcium'

Step!2!

Use!the!periodic!table!to!name!the!non-metal!ion!

chlorine'

Step!3!

Change!the!ending!of!the!non-metal!ion!to!“-ide”!

chloride'

Step!4!

Write!the!metal!ion!and!the!non-metal!ion!with!the!changed!ending!

Calcium'chloride'

! Try!this!yourself:!!LiCl!=!_____________________________! Name-to-formula&steps! Write!the!formula!for!aluminum&oxide& Step!1!

Use!the!periodic!table!to!find!the!symbols!for!the!ions!

Al'and'O'

Step!2!

Write!the!ion!charges!above!the!symbols!for!the!ions!

Al3+'''''O2-'

Step!3!

Drop!the!+!and!–!signs!and!criss-cross!the!ion!charges!to!get!the!subscripts.!!! If!the!charges!are!the!same,!they!cancel.!!Or!if!the!subscript!is!1,!use!no!subscripts!

Step!4!

Write!the!chemical!formula!

Al2'and'O3' Al2O3'

! Try!this!yourself:!!sodium!oxide!=!________________________! Use!the!periodic!table!to!help!write!the!names!of!these!ionic!compounds.! Chemical&Formula& Ag2O! KI! MgCl2!

Chemical&Name& silver oxide potassium iodide magnesium chloride

BaO!

barium oxide

ZnF2!

zinc fluoride

Mg3P2!

magnesium phosphide

CaBr2!

calcium bromide

Na2S!

sodium sulfide

AlCl3!

aluminum chloride

Be3N2!

beryllium nitride

! 2

Use!the!periodic!table!to!help!you!write!the!chemical!formulas!for!these!ionic!compounds! Chemical&Name&

Chemical&Formula&

Beryllium!sulfide!

BeS

Lithium!nitride!

Li3N

Zinc!chloride!

ZnCl2

Sodium!bromide!

NaBr

Calcium!chloride!

CaCl2

Magnesium!oxide!

MgO

Silver!iodide!

AgI

Aluminum!sulfide!

Al2S3

Potassium!fluoride!

KF

Calcium!phosphide!

Ca3P2

! Complete!the!table!below.!!First!identify!each!ion!and!its!charge.!!Then,!give!the!formula!and!name!for!each! ionic!compound!formed.!!The!table!has!been!partially!completed!to!help!you.! !

Chlorine!becomes!

Fluorine!becomes!

Oxygen!becomes!

chloride.!!Cl-!

_________________!

_________________!

Sodium!Na+!

!

!

!

Magnesium!_____!

!

!

!

Calcium!!_______!

!

!

!

& & Names&and&Formulas&of&Ionic&Compounds&with&Multivalent&Metals! Transition!metals!don’t!follow!group!numbers!in!terms!of!their!ionic!charges.!!You!should!remember!the! following!two!elements!and!their!common!charges! ! Transition!Metal! Symbol! Common!charge! Zinc! Zn! 2+! Silver! Ag! 1+! ! Other!transition!metals!such!as!copper!have!more!than!one!valence.!!Thus!CuCl!and!CuCl2!are!both!correct! formulas!for!copper!chloride!and!it!is!necessary!to!have!separate!names!to!tell!them!apart.!!Complete!the! table!below!showing!the!names!and!multiple!ionic!charges!of!some!transition!metals.! ! ! ! ! 3

Name!of!element!

Symbol!

!

Cr!

Ionic!Charge! (valence)! 2+,!3+!

! !

Mn! Fe!

2+,!4+! 2+,!3+!

! II,!III!

! ! ! ! !

Co! Ni! Cu! As! Sn!

2+,!3+! 2+,!3+! 1+,!2+! 3+,!5+! 2+,!4+!

! ! I,!II! ! II,!IV!

!

Sb!

3+,!5+!

III,!V!

! !

Au! Hg!

1+,!3+! 1+,!2+!

! !

!

Pb!

2+,!4+!

!

Roman!Numeral! !

! One!method!for!naming!these!compounds!is!called!the!Stock&method!(IUPAC)!and!it!uses!Roman!numerals.! Multivalent&ionic&compounds&are&named&with&the&metal&first,&including&its&valence&shown&in&Roman& numerals,&followed&by&the&nonmetal&ion&ending&in&“ide”& & Formula-to-name&steps:!!Write!the!chemical!name!for!Fe2O3& ! Apply!the!cross-over!rule!in!reverse! Fe3'O2' Step&1& Step&2&

Step&3&

Second!element!must!have!its!correct!valence.!!If! not,!multiply!both!valences!by!the!factor!needed!to! convert!the!valence!of!the!second!element! Name!the!compound.!!The!first!element!is!shown! using!Roman!numerals!in!brackets!immediately!after! the!name!of!the!first!element.!!The!second!element! (nonmetal)!should!have!an!ending!of!“ide”!

! Try!this!for!yourself:!!Cr2S3&=!! ! ! ! ! ! & Name-to-formula!steps:!!Write!the!formula!of!Tin!(IV)!oxide! & Write!the!symbols!of!the!elements!in!the!order! Step&1& given!in!the!name!

Valence'for'oxygen'is'correct' (2)'

Iron'(III)'oxide'

!

!

Sn'''O'

Step&2&

Mark!the!valences!on!each!element!

Sn4+''''O2-'

Step&3&

Apply!the!cross-over!rule!

Sn2O4'

Step&4&

Divide!by!the!highest!common!factor!if!necessary! and!drop!all!1s!

SnO2'

& Try!this!for!yourself:!!lead!(IV)!oxide&=!! & &

!

!

!

!

!

!

!

4

Writing&names&and&formulas&of&ionic&compounds&with&multivalent&metals& Use!the!periodic!table!to!help!you!answer!these!questions! ! Chemical!formula! Chemical!name! PbBr4!

Lead!(IV)!bromide!

CuI2!

Copper!(II)!iodide!

Fe2O3!

Iron!(III)!oxide!

SnS!

Tin!(II)!sulfide!

SnO2!

Tin!(IV)!oxide!

CuS!

Copper!(II)!sulfide!

AsI5!

Arsenic!(IV)!iodide!

CoF2!

Cobalt!(II)!fluoride!

Cr3P2!

chromium!(II)!phosphide!

NiI2!

nickel!(II)!iodide!

AuN!

gold!(III)!nitride!

MnO!

manganese!(II)!oxide!

Chemical!name!

Chemical!formula!

iron(III)!sulfide!

Fe2S3!

lead!(II)!bromide!

PbBr2!

tin!(IV)!oxide!

SnO2!

iron(II)!chloride!

FeCl2!

copper(II)!oxide!

CuO!

tin(II)!fluoride!

SnF2!

chromium(III)!iodide!

CrI3!

mercury(I)!sulfide!

Hg2S!

gold!(I)!telluride!

Au2Te!

arsenic!(V)!iodide!

AsI5!

bismuth!(V)!phosphide!

Bi3P5!

antimony!(V)!sulphide!

Sb2S5!

! !

& & & & 5

Alternative&Naming&of&Multivalent&Ionic&Compounds& ! Classical&naming& ! An!older!system!of!naming!multivalent!ionic!compounds!also!exists!and!is!called!the!Classical&System.!!This! system!was!used!during!a!time!when!chemists!began!to!realize!that!some!compounds!contained!metals! with!more!than!one!charge,!but!were!uncertain!as!to!the!nature!of!this!difference.!!This!system!is!NOT! widely!used!today,!but!you!may!still!see!it!on!some!containers!or!in!the!literature.! ! The!classical!system!is!only!used!where!there!are!only!two!possible!ionic!charges!for!the!metal.!!This!system! uses!Latin!roots!followed!by!an!–ic'or!–ous'ending'to!distinguish!between!the!magnitude!of!the!charge.!!The! –ic!ending!indicates!the!cation!with!the!greater!charge!and!the!–ous!ending!the!smaller!charge.!!Note!these! endings!are!not!associated!with!a!specific!charge!but!simply!distinguish!between!the!relative!charges.!!! ! Symbol& Stock&name& Classical&name& Copper!(I)!ion! Cuprous!ion! Cu+! 2+! Copper!(II)!ion! Cupric!ion! Cu Fe2+! Iron!(II)!ion! Ferrous!ion! Fe3+! Iron!(III)!ion! Ferric!ion! Lead!(II)! Plumbous!ion! Pb2+! Lead!(IV)!ion! Plumbic!ion! Pb4+! Tin!(II)!ion! Stannous!ion! Sn2+! Stannic!ion! Sn4+! Tin!(IV)!ion& Chromium!(II)!ion! Chromous!ion! Cr2+! Cr3+! Chromium!(III)!ion! Chromoic!ion! 2+! Cobalt!(II)!ion! Cobaltous!ion! Co Cobalt!(III)!ion! Cobaltic!ion! Co3+! +! Gold!(I)!ion! Aurous!ion! Au Gold!(III)!ion! Auric!ion! Au3+! + Mercury!(I)!ion! Mercurous! Hg ! Mercury!(II)!ion! Mercuric! Hg2+! 2+ Pt ! Platinum!(II)!ion! Plantinous! Pt4+! Platinum!(IV)!ion! Platinic! Ni2+! Nickel!(II)!ion! Nickleous! Nickel!(III)!ion! Nickelic! Ni3+! ! ! *Some!elements!having!more!than!two!valence!values!or!oxidation!states!use!specific!values!for!the!"ous"! and!the!"ic".! nitrogen! manganese! arsenic!! ! Examples:& ! ! ! !

ous!=!3!ic!=!5! ! chromium! ous!=!2!ic!=!3! ! ous!=!2!ic!=!3! ! phosphorus! ous!=!3!ic!=!5! ous!=!3!ic!=!5!!!!!!!!!!!!!! bismuth! ous!=!3!ic!=!5!

& stannous!chloride! arsenic!phosphide!

SnCl2! ! As3P5! !

! !

phosphorous!oxide! P2O3! nitric!oxide! ! NO! 6

Write!the!correct!names!for!the!following!compounds,!using!the!stock!and&classical!system!where!appropriate.! 1. PbBr4!! ! lead!(IV)!bromide!or!plumbic!bromide! 2. FeO!

!

iron!(II)!oxide!or!ferrous!oxide!

!

3. Ag2O!! !

silver!oxide!

4. Fe2O3! !

iron!(III)!oxide!or!ferric!oxide!

5. NiI2!!

!

nickel!(II)!iodide!or!nickelous!iodide!

6. PbO!

!

lead!(II)!oxide!or!plumbous!oxide!

7. Hg2Br2! !

mercury!(II)!bromide!or!mercuric!bromide!

8. PbO2! !

lead!(IV)!oxide!or!plumbic!oxide!

9. CuS!

copper!(II)!sulfide!or!cupric!sulfide!

!

10. ZnBr2! !

zinc!bromide!

11. AuCl3! !

gold!(III)!chloride!or!auric!chloride!

12. Sn3P4! !

tin!(IV)!phosphide!or!stannic!phosphide!

13. CrCl3! !

chromium!(III)!chloride!or!chromic!chloride!

14. MnO2! !

manganese!(IV)!oxide!!!

! Rewrite!the!names!for!each!of!the!compounds!using!the!classical!system!(where!appropriate)!then!write!the! correct!chemical!formula.! 15. Tin!(II)!oxide! !

!

stannous!oxide!

and!

SnO!

16. Chromium!(III)!oxide! !

chromic!oxide!!

and!

Cr2O3!

17. Iron!(III)!chloride!

!

ferric!chloride! !

and!

FeCl3!

18. Copper!(I)!sulfide!

!

cuprous!sulfide!

and!

Cu2S!

19. Lead!(IV)!oxide!

!

plumbic!oxide!!!

and!!

PbO2!

20. Copper!(II)!sulfide!

!

cupric!sulfide! !

and!

CuS!

21. Mercury!(I)!sulfide!

!

mercurous!sulfide!

and!

Hg2S!

22. Gold!(III)!bromide!

!

auric!bromide! !

and!

AuBr3!

23. Cobalt!(II)!phosphide! !

cobaltous!phosphide! and!

Co3P2!

24. Mercury!(II)!!fluoride!! !

mercuric!fluoride!!

and!!

HgF2!

25. Copper!(II)!iodide!

cupric!iodide! !

and!

CuI!

26. Chromium!(II)!nitride! !

chromous!nitride!

and!

Cr3N2!

27. Tin!(IV)!oxide! !

!

stannic!oxide! !

and!

SnO2!

28. Nickel!(III)!iodide!!

!

nickelic!iodide!!!

and!!

NiI3!

!

! & 7

& Naming&Binary&Molecular& ! As!we!have!discussed!earlier,!covalent&compounds!or!molecular&compounds!are!made!up!of!two!or!more! non-metals.!!! • Covalent!compounds!form!when!atoms&share!electrons.!!! • Unlike!ionic!compounds!there!are!no!ions!or!transfer!of!electrons.!!! • Like!ionic!compounds,!stability!occurs!when!each!atom!in!the!compound!has!a!full&outer&energy&level& of&electrons.& Molecules& • Covalent!compounds!are!made!up!of!molecules! • In!contrast,!remember!ionic!compounds!are!made!up!of!repeating!patterns!of!ions! NOTE:! Most!elements!are!shown!by!their!symbols!only.!!They!have!no!subscripts.!!! For!example:!!Na,!Cu!and!K.!!! ! • The!term!molecule!is!also!used!to!describe!two!or!more!atoms!of!the!same!element!that!are!joined!by! a!covalent!bond.!!! • There!are&SEVEN!elements,!which!under!normal,!standard!conditions!are!always!found!in!pairs.!!& • These!are!known!as!the!DIATOMIC&ELEMENTS&(molecules):&H2,&O2,&F2,&Br2,&I2,&N2,&Cl2.& You!need!to!remember!these!seven! HOFBrINCl& Common&Names&of&Covalent&Compounds& & Common&Name& Chemical& Modern&Name& Use/Occurrence& Formula& water! H2O! dihydrogen!monoxide! Most!common!molecular!compound! of!earth.! ammonia!

NH3!

nitrogen!trihydride!

Used!in!window!cleaners!and!in!the! production!of!fertilizers!

nitric!oxide!

NO!

nitrogen!monoxide!

Air!pollutant!

hydrogen! sulfide!

H2S!

dihydrogen!monosulfide!

Invisible!gas!that!smells!of!rotten!eggs!

& Molecular&compounds&are&named&using&numerical&prefixes!! ! These!compounds!contain!2!non-metals!and!are!named!using!Greek!prefixes.!!This!method!does!not!use!the!valence! values.!!The!Greek!prefix!is!placed!in!front!of!the!element!name!to!indicate!how!many!atoms!of!the!element!to!place!in! the!formula.!!If!there!is!only!1!atom!of!the!first!element,!mono!is!not!used!on!the!name!of!the!first!element.! Prefixes! 1!=!mono! 2!=!di! 3!=!tri! 4!=!tetra! 5!=!penta! 6!=!hexa! 7!=!hepta! 8!=!octa! 9!=!nona! 10!=!deca! & ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Notes:& When!“mono”!is!being!added!to!oxygen,!the!last!“o”!is!dropped!(e.g.!“monoxide”!!NOT!!“monooxide”).!!When!the!prefix! ends!in!an!“a”!followed!by!oxide!drop!the!”a”!(e.g.!tetroxide!NOT!tetraoxide)!

8

Examples:! diphosphorus!pentoxide! carbon!monoxide! !

P2O5! CO!

& Number! 1! 2! represented! Greek! mono-! di-! prefix! & Formula-to-name&steps:! ! Write!the!chemical!name!of!CO2!

! !

! !

arsenic!trichloride! xenon!tetrafluoride!

! !

AsCl3! XeF4!

3!

4!

5!

6!

7!

8!

tri-!

tetra-!

penta-!

hexa-!

hepta-!

octa-!

!

Step!1! Name!the!first!element! Step!2!

carbon'

Choose!the!correct!prefix!for!the!number!of!atoms!of!the! first!element!

1'carbon,'but'don’t'use'mono'for' the'first'element'

Name!the!second!element!and!change!its!ending!to!“ide”!

oxide'

Step!3!

Step!4!

Choose!the!correct!prefix!for!the!number!of!atoms!for! the!second!element.!!Note:!the!“a”!in!the!prefix!is! dropped!if!it’s!next!to!an!“o”!

di' dioxide'

Step!5! Combine!the!two!parts!of!the!name! ! ! Try!this!yourself:!!N2O2!=!________________________________! ! & & Name-to-formula!steps:! Write!the!formula!for!dinitrogen!tetroxide! ! Step!1! Find!the!symbols!for!the!elements! Step!2! Step!3!

Identify!the!prefix!and!the!number!it!represents! Write!each!of!these!numbers!as!subscripts!for!that! element!

Carbon'dioxide'

N''''and''''O' di'='2'''tetra'='4' N2O4'

! ! Try!this!yourself:!!carbon!disulfide!=!________________________________! ! ! ! 9

Practice!these:! ! Chemical!Formula!

Chemical!Name!

P 2O 5!

diphosphorus pentoxide!

N2O4!

dinitrogen tetroxide!

SF2!

sulfur difluoride!

CBr4!

carbon tetrabromide!

BCl3!

boron trichloride!

P 2O 3!

diphosphorus trioxide!

NF3!

nitrogen trifluoride!

OF2!

oxygen difluoride!

SO3!

sulfur trioxide!

PCl5!

phosphorus pentachloride!

SI6!

Sulfur!hexaiodide!

AsI5!

Arsenic!pentaiodide!

ICl!

Iodine!monochloride!

! ! Chemical!Name!

Chemical!Formula!

carbon!tetrachloride!

CCl4!

dinitrogen!trioxide!

N2O3!

sulfur!dichloride!

SCl2!

carbon!dioxide!

CO2!

dinitrogen!monoxide!

N2O!

phosphorus!trichloride!

PCl3!

nitrogen!triiodide! silicon!tetrafluoride!

NI3! SiF4!

carbon!monoxide!

CO!

carbon!tetrahydride!

CH4!

tellurium!dioxide!

TeO2!

diarsenic!!triselenide!

As2Se3!

dinitrogen!tetroxide!

N2O4!

! & & & & 10

Acids! There!are!three!groups!of!acids:!!

1.!binary!acids! !

2.!oxy!acids!

3.!derived!oxy!acids!

& Names&and&Formulas&of&Binary&Acids! Binary!acids!are!made!up!of!two!elements!!–!hydrogen!and!a!non-met...