Notes Chapter 1 Introduction to Sports and Exercise Psychology PDF

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Student’s Notes

Chapter 1: Introducing Sport and Exercise Psychology

Chapter Overview The introductory chapter begins with a discussion of the myths associated with sport and exercise psychology as a profession, followed by a description of sport and exercise psychology and sport and exercise psychology specialists. Sport and exercise psychology is also discussed within the context of positive psychology. The multiple roles of sport and exercise psychology specialists are outlined along with the specific training requirements. The standards of conduct that govern decisions in sport psychology are discussed. The chapter progresses through a brief history of the key events in sport and exercise psychology, and ends with future trends in the field in Canada.

Learning Objectives 1. Explain what sport and exercise psychology is and what sport and exercise psychology specialists do. 2. Explain the differences between educational and clinical/counselling orientations in sport and exercise psychology. 3. List the diverse educational training opportunities in sport and exercise psychology. 4. Identify the basic standards of conduct and service in sport and exercise psychology. 5. Identify key moments in the history of sport and exercise psychology in Canada and the world. 6. Identify key concepts in sport and exercise psychology research. 7. Explain basic differences in quantitative and qualitative methods in sport and exercise psychology. 8. Describe future trends in sport and exercise psychology.

Sport and Exercise Psychology: A Canadian Perspective, Third Edition, Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc. 1

Student’s Notes

Chapter 1: Introducing Sport and Exercise Psychology

Key Terms 

Emic focus: Captures the participant’s viewpoint in a particular setting.

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Ethics: Concerned with matters of right and wrong as they relate to human behaviour.

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Dependent variables (DV): A non-manipulated variable (outcome) that is expected to change as a result of manipulating the independent variable.

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Independent variables (IV): The manipulated variable (cause) that produces a change in the dependent variable.

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Positive psychology: An area of psychology concerned primarily with understanding the processes that enable people and groups to thrive.

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Psychologists: Is a term that is defined and regulated by provincial and territorial boards in Canada.

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Qualitative inquiry: Often assumes that reality is constructed by the person in a particular situation or context.

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Quantitative inquiry: Focuses on quantifying or counting the amount of a particular variable or set of variables.

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Research hypotheses: An educated guess about the nature of the relationships among scientific constructs given specific conditions.

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Scientific constructs: Specifically defined terms that have been created for a scientific purpose.

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Sport and Exercise Psychology: An interdisciplinary scientific and applied field that embraces the integration of sport science and psychological knowledge.

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Theory: Specify relationships across a number of scientific constructs and attempt to explain phenomena across a number of different times, contexts, and people.

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Variable: A scientific construct that can be assigned a specific value to be counted.

Sport and Exercise Psychology: A Canadian Perspective, Third Edition, Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc. 2

Student’s Notes

Chapter 1: Introducing Sport and Exercise Psychology

Key Concepts 1. Common sport psychology myths a. Only athletes or exercisers with serious mental problems need a sport or exercise psychologist. b. All sport psychology specialists work with elite athletes to enhance their performance. 2. Positive psychology in sport and exercise a. Definition of positive psychology and how it fits in the sport and exercise domain b. Resilience c. Positive psychology intervention approaches (emotion, cognitive, behavioural) 3. What do sport psychology specialists do? a. Teaching b. Research c. Consulting 4. Training to be a sport psychology specialist a. Sport science education b. Clinical and counseling sport psychology 5. Who may call themselves a sport psychologist? 6. Providing sport psychology services: Standards of conduct a. Define ethics b. Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists i. Principle 1: Respect for the Dignity of Persons ii. Principle 2: Responsible Caring iii. Principle 3: Integrity in Relationships iv. Principle 4: Responsibility to Society c. Association for the Advancement of Sport Psychology: Code of Ethics i. Principle A: Competence ii. Principle B: Integrity iii. Principle C: Professional and Scientific Responsibility iv. Principle D: Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity v. Principle E: Concern for Others’ Welfare vi. Principle F: Social Responsibility

Sport and Exercise Psychology: A Canadian Perspective, Third Edition, Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc. 3

Student’s Notes

Chapter 1: Introducing Sport and Exercise Psychology

7. Sport psychology in Canada and the United States: A brief history a. Key events in the 1960s and 1970s b. Key events in the 1980s c. Key events since 1990 8. Studying sport and exercise psychology: Basic concepts a. Scientific constructs b. Independent and dependent variables c. Causal claims (versus correlational statements) d. Theoretical models versus theories 9. Type of research in sport and exercise psychology a. Quantitative inquiry b. Qualitative inquiry 10. Evidence-based practice a. Peer-review b. Ethical guidelines c. Competence of practitioners 11. Future trends and issues in Canada a. Increased specialization and diversification b. Increased research and teaching opportunities c. Increased demands for counseling and clinical training d. Ethics and competencies e. Working in performance enhancement teams f. Online consulting and service provision g. Consulting with athletes and exercisers with disabilities h. Knowledge translation

Sport and Exercise Psychology: A Canadian Perspective, Third Edition, Copyright © 2016 Pearson Canada Inc. 4...