OPAL Quizzes 3-4 PDF

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Warning: TT: undefined function: 32OPAL QUIZZES 3-Quiz 3 Match the correct letter to the white matter tract in this image Answer: What structure is the arrow pointing to in this image? Answer: Choroid plexus Name this region of the corpus callosum indicated by the blue dots on this image Answer: spl...

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OPAL QUIZZES 3-4 Quiz 3 1. Match the correct letter to the white matter tract in this image

Answer: Anterior commissure Corpus callosum External capsule Internal capsule Fornix 2. What structure is the arrow pointing to in this image?

Answer: Choroid plexus

3. Name this region of the corpus callosum indicated by the blue dots on this image

Answer: splenium ➔ At posterior end of corpus callosum and contains commissural axons connecting the occipital lobes

A B C D E

4. Axons that run in this part of the corpus callosum this image are classified as

Answer: commissural axons ➔ Commissural fibres connect the 2 hemispheres

5. Name the grey matter region indicated by the black arrow in this coronal section

Answer: claustrum ➔ Sits between the external capsule (separating it from the putamen and extreme capsule (separating it from the insula)

6. Name the nucleus labelled A in this image

Answer: caudate nucleus ➔ This nucleus forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle. Different parts of it can always be seen in sections whenever the lateral ventricle is visible

7. Name the nucleus labelled A in this coronal section

Answer: caudate nucleus ➔ Caudate nucleus forms the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle

8. The clear nuclear mass outlined in this coronal image is called the ____. Its main function is _______.

Answer: amygdala & fear/negative affects ➔ Almond shaped nucleus located in the uncus, anteromedial to the hippocampus. Its function is primarily negative affect and attachin g emotional significance to stimuli. 9. Name the nuclear mass identified by the letter A in this image

Answer: thalamus ➔ Forms the posterolateral wall of the 3rd ventricle/ the rule is: if you can see the 3rd ventricle you can see either the thalamus or hypothalamus

10. The image below shows a deep dissection of the lateral ventricle at the level of the temporal love. Nucleus A is ____________ and nucleus B is called the ___________

Answer: hippocampus, amygdala ➔ These nuclei are found in the uncus and are involved in emotions and memory functions

11. In the brain dissection, cortical region A is called the

Answer: insula ➔ Means island and its isolated from rest of limbic system, being located laterally but hidden from view by the overlying temporal, frontal and parietal lobes 12. Name the tract indicated by the yellow arrow in this image

Answer: fornix/crus of fornix ➔ Fornix runs around the medial rim of lateral ventricle to connect the mammillary bodies to the hippocampus

13. Name the white matter tract that the arrow points to in this image

Answer: anterior commissure ➔ Commissural tract connects the temporal lobes on both sides

14. Name the gyrus indicated by the yellow dots in this horizontal brain section

Answer: parahippocampal gyrus ➔ Most medial gyrus on the inferior side of the temporal lobe is the parahippocampal gyrus

15. In the brain section, the grey matter region labelled A is called the ________, nuclear mass B is called the _________ and nuclear mass C is called the ___________.

Answer: A: insula, thalamus, hypothalamus → the insula cortex is hidden by the lateral fissure so it cannot be seen from the lateral surface. The thalamus & hypothalamus are located in relation to the 3rd ventricle - if you can see the 3rd ventricle, you can see one or both of these nuclei in the brain

16. The nucleus labelled A is called the ______ and its main function is __________

Answer: nuclear accumbens, pleasure/reward behaviour/addictive behaviour

17. What is the normal function of the yellow shaded region of the gyrus in this image?

Answer: affective perceptions of pain/pain quality/ pain experience/ pain avoidance ➔ The anterior cingulate cortex is involved in the perceptions of quality and intensity of a nociceptive stimulus and what to do about it

18. Name the structure that the yellow arrow is pointing to in this coronal image

Answer: septum pellucidum/ septum ➔ Forms the anteromedial wall of the lateral ventricle and connects the fornix to the corpus callosum

19. Name the white matter pathway indicated by the dashed lines in this image

Answer: internal capsule ➔ This v-shaped pathway runs between the thalamus, caudate & putamen nuclei and contains afferent & efferent connections

20. Name the gyrus identified by the yellow dots on the image

Answer: gyrus rectus ➔ Most medial gyrus on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe

QUIZ 4 1. Match the letter to the correct basal ganglia nucleus name in this image

Answer: Globus pallidus external Putamen Globus pallidus internal Caudate Substantia nigra

D E C A B

2. Name the deep cerebellar nucleus shown in this image

Answer: dentate

3. Name tract B in this image. Clue (its part of the Papez circuit)

Answer: mammilothalamic tract

4. A identifies the _______ which connects the ______ to the _____ as part of the papez circuit for generating memories

Answer: fornix, hippocampus, mammillary body

5. In this mid-sagittal section of the cerebellum, the function of the region outlined by the yellow is…..

Answer: speech, skilled motor coordination, hand-eye coordination, planning of sequential movement

6. Name the basal ganglia nucleus to which the arrow is pointing ________. Name the main neurotransmitter that its cells release when stimulated _________.

Answer: substantial nigra, dopamine

7. In this image, A is called the ________ and it connect to the _______ region of the brainstem

Answer: middle cerebellar peduncle, pons

8. Which letters identify the basal ganglia nuclei that form the lentiform nuclei in this image?

Answer: C, D & E

9. In this mid-sagittal section the name of the lobe outlined by the yellow circle is _______ and its main function is __________

Answer: anterior lobe, coordination of locomotion

10. These letters identify the basal ganglia nuclei that form the striatum ______ & _________

Answer: B & C

11. Name the region of the cerebellum outlined by the black dashes in this image

Answer: tonsils ➔

Part of the posterior lobe

12. The white matter region labelled B in this image is called the ________ and contains mainly ________ axons. It attaches to this part of the brainstem __________.

Answer: superior cerebellar tract, efferent, midbrain

13. In what anatomical plane is the cerebellum viewed in this image?

Answer: posterior ➔ From the posterior surface the tonsils and posterior cerebellar hemispheres are visible but the anterior and flocculonodular lobes aren’t 14. The anatomical region outlined by the dashes in the cerebellar image is called the _________ and its function is ____________

Answer: flocculus, posture and balance

15. This letter identifies the nucleus that exerts GABAergic inhibitory control of thalamic activity in the basal ganglia motor loop

Answer: C

16. Name the nucleus outlined in this image

Answer: Amygdala

17. Branches of which artery supply this region of the limbic lobe identified by the letter A in this letter?

Answer: middle cerebral artery

18. With the uncus, the amygdala is anterolateral to the hippocampus? Answer: false 19. If the cerebellar structure indicated by the arrow in this image herniates onto the brainstem region below it results in Answer: death → tonsils compress the medulla and crush the life support regions (cardiovascular and respiratory centres). Coma is associated with damage to the midbrain, ataxia with cerebellar damage and epilepsy with abnormal electrical signalling in the cortex

20. Bilateral damage to this structure identified by the arrow results in:

Answer: anterograde amnesia...