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C1-1 Module 4Think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in eachgap. There is an example at the beginning (0).The hamster ́s body clockHamsters have (0) ........ need for alarm clocks. In the strange world ofcircadian rhythms, the twenty-four-o ́clock circle (1) ......... governs a...

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C1-1

Module 4

Think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

The hamster´s body clock Hamsters have (0) …NO…… need for alarm clocks. In the strange world of circadian rhythms, the twenty-four-o´clock circle (1) ……… governs almost every biological process in every living thing, (2) …….. body temperature to digestion to sleeping and waking, the hamster is (3) ……… equivalent of the Swiss watch; (4) …….. to Professor Michael Antle from the University of Calgary´s Department of Psychology, you can predict (5) ……… a hamster is going to wake up. Humans, however, are more (6) ……… a cheap supermarket wall-clock, since their sleeping patterns are less reliable. Professor Antle is studying the group of 20,000 cells in the brain that (7) ……. up the circadian clock. He´s hoping to explain something astonishing that´s happening to his hamsters; (8) ……… turning on their light for fifteen minutes in the middle of the night, he can make them wake up an hour earlier the next day. But if instead he gives them a new drug that he´s experimenting (9) …….., they´re (10) …….. and about eight hours early. They will still need their usual fourteen hours´ sleep, but their biological clocks appear to (11) ……… been set back. When he saw the effect initially in his laboratory, Antle was shocked at (12) ……… big it was. An eight-hour adjustment is something useful,- it means that a hamster could be transported from its home in Canada (13) …….. the way to London without suffering from jetlag. If it could do (14) …….. for people, Antle really would be (15) …….. to something.

Strengthening the body Chances are that sometime in your life you have wanted to lose weight, build your muscles or increase your stamina. If (1) _____, you will have probably used state-of-the-art equipment in a gym or perhaps purchased a set of hand weights for use at home. Given (2) _______ working out is often associated with the modern obsession (3) ________ image, it (4) _______ surprise you to learn that using equipment to increase physical strength has been (5) _______ vogue since ancient times. (6) _______ you had lived in ancient Greece, for instance, you would probably have trained by climbing ropes or by using weights made of stone. Moving on to the Middle Ages, if people wanted to build strength, the exercises they undertook (7) _______ most likely be related to combat. For example, (8) ______ the Mamluk period in the Middle East, soldiers would repeatedly thrust their swords into wet clay - the material (9) ________ which pottery is made - to strengthen their arms....