Oralcom Reviewer - Oral communication notes PDF

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Warning: TT: undefined function: 32 Warning: TT: undefined function: 32 Warning: TT: undefined function: 32OralCommunicationF I R S T Q U A R T E RC O M M U N I C A T I O N It is a two-way process Occurs between two or more people Can be expressed using words, actions or sometimes BOTH. BASIC FORMS ...

Description

Oral Communication FIRST

QUARTER

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simple, but precise and meaningful

CLARITY - understandable ETHICS - G-R-E-P-S (Gender-Roles-EthnicityPreference-Status)

COMMUNICATION -

It is a two-way process Occurs between two or more people Can be expressed using words, actions or sometimes BOTH.

BASIC FORMS OF COMMUNICATION NON-VERBAL • unstructed and spontaneous

*BOTH ARE CULTURALLY DIVERSED TENNETS OF COMMUNICATION

Example: a. Facial Expressions b. Gestures - hand c. Body Language - body d. Proxemics - space, distance e. Haptics - touch f. Appearance g. Paralinguistics h. Eye Gaze

COMMUNICATION IS DYNAMIC - many variables that affect meaningful interaction.

COMMUNICATION IS IRREVERSIBLE - ideas communicated to others cannot be taken back. Ex: Sinabihan mo ng panget, then na-offend siya

Improving your Non-Verbal Skills: 1. Maintain eye contact. 2. Use posture to show interest. 3. Probe for more information. 4. Avoid out of context non-verbal 5. Study Cultural diversities 6. Improve your deciding skills 7. Observe yourself in the mirror 8. Do not forget how appearance says something 9. Enlist family and friends

COMMUNICATION IS CONTEXTUALIZED - may occur in various setting and circumstances.

COMMUNICATION IS CONTINUOUS - may involve constant interaction between the sender and the receiver. - iba’t ibang topic kaya walang katapusan

VERBAL • Rule-specific, almost always planned • Interaction in which words are used to relay a message Expressing yourself using Verbal Comm: APPROPRIATENESS - verbal forms of comm should fit the context for which it is used.

COMMUNICATION IS A TRANSACTION - constant reversal of roles for the sender and the receiver

COMMUNICATION IS LEARNED - can be mastered through practice

COMMUNICATION IS SHARING OF MEANINGS

BREVITY

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VIVIDNESS - focus on the concrete rather that the abstract. Ex: afraid - terrified, happy - jubilant

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- effective communication requires that both parties are on the same page.

Communication has two levels of meaning: CONTENT and RELATIONSHIP - ideas and understanding of which may depend on intended meaning and the relationship between the sender and the receiver. 7 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION SENDER - the one who initiates the communication RECEIVER - gets the message channeled by the source of information. He/she also provides the sender with feedback. MESSAGE - an idea, concept, emotion, desire, or feeling that a person desires to share with another human being. a. verbal symbols b. non-verbal symbols CHANNEL - how the sender transmits the message to the recipient a. vocal b. non-vocal

TRANSMISSION / I THROW STAGE - transmits or sends out the message

RECEIVING / I OBTAIN STAGE - gets the message - process of hearing, reading or seeing

DECODING / I INTERPRET STAGE - interprets the message based on the context - understand, analyze

FEEDBACK / I REACT STAGE - interprets the message based on the context - conclusion of the process until it repeat the cycle COMMUNICATION BARRIERS PERCEPTION AND LANGUAGE - reality and language may vary depending on the person and the meaning respectively. POOR LISTENING - people listen only to what is relevant to them

FEEDBACK - the behavioral response of the receiver or the return signal. NOISE - any interference in the communication process a. environmental - nature b. physiological - body c. semantic (one word, different meanings) & syntactic (grammar changes, differ from) d. cultural - culture e. psychological - mind CONTEXT - the elements of the process work in a dynamic interrelation a. physical b. social c. psychological THE 6 STAGES OF THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

EMOTIONAL INTERFERENCE - emotions get in the way of what we want to say CULTURAL DIFFERENCES - what is acceptable to one may not be acceptable to another PHYSICAL DISTRACTIONS - the success of something may not always yield a positive result. INCORRECT FILTERING - information may be twice or thrice removed from the truth - FAKE NEWS!!! CLOSED COMMUNICATION CLIMATE - superiors: close-minded

IDEA / I THINK STAGE - generates an idea

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ENCODING / I DELIBERATE STAGE - encodes an idea or converts it into words or actions

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Proper Planning Encourages Communication: Poor Implementation Inhibits Communication

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Transactional Model

COMMUNICATION MODELS ARISTOTLE’S MODEL - 300 BC - Linear model

BARNLUND’S MODEL - 1970 - Transactional Model

LASSWELL’S MODEL - 1948 - process of communication and its function to society - Linear model INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

SHANNON AND WEAVER’S MODEL - 1949 - Linear Model

CULTURE - noun - set of shared attitudes, values, goals and practices that characterizes a group of people In one hand, lack of knowledge on cultural differences promotes ETHNOCENTRISM (culture is superior) and STEREOTYPING (over generalizing) On the other hand, knowledge of which promotes TOLERANCE.

SCHRAMM’S MODEL - 1954 - Interactive Model

DAVID BERLO’S MODEL - 1960

1. SOCIAL VALUES - differences in how people contribute to the society Ex: Family doctors - high expectations 2. ROLES AND STATUS - differences in how people contribute to the society Ex: Job/work: pink (professional), blue (unprofessional) 3. DECISION-MAKING CUSTOMS - differences in the length of time spent to come up with a decision 4. CONCEPTS OF TIME - differences in the value of time Ex: Filipino time (always late!!!)

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“A man who waits for a roast duck to fly into his mouth must wait for a very long time”

Other countries (they value time) 5. PERSONAL SPACE - differences in proximity when communicating a. Intimate (1.5 ft) b. Personal (4 ft.) c. Social (9 ft.)

DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY Stage 1: DENIAL - personal doesn’t want to recognize

6. CULTURAL CONTEXT - differences in how meaning is conveyed Low-context cultures: words (verbal) High-context cultures: words, actions (non-verbal) 7. BEHAVIOR AND MANNERS - differences in the concepts of what is rude and polite. Ex: Bow/bless to show respect/politeness in greeting

Stage 2: DEFENSE - person acknowledges, but thinks highly of his culture - aware of culture Stage 3: MINIMIZATION - person acknowledges but asserts universality - comparing similarities, minimize enthocentrism

8. GESTURES AND BODY LANGUAGE - differences in non-verbal meanings

Stage 4: ACCEPTANCE - person starts to appreciate - follow the culture

9. LEGAL AND ETHICAL - differences in the laws of the land and the society

Stage 5: ADAPTATION - person starts to imitate - immersed on a culture

Ex: Curfew, No gum on Singapore, Divorce

Stage 6: INTEGRATION - person starts to reflect

10. CORPORATE CULTURAL DIFFERENCES - cultural differences between companies FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION It refers to the intention of the participants in the interaction process when they communicate with one another.

Ex: ABS-CBN, GMA, TV5

PROVERBS REFLECT CULTURE A. INFORMATION - we have ideas based on facts, figures, statistics and other reliable sources that we want to share with others

PHILIPPINES “Nasa Tao ang gawa, nasa Diyos ang awa” USA “The squeaking wheel gets the grease” GERMANY “No one is either rich or poor who has not helped himself to do so” JAPAN “The nail that sticks up gets pounded down” CHINA

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Examples: • updating your classmates of a new zika virus threat in the philippines. • president duterte announcing in a press briefing/conference the list of politicians involved in drugs • DOH reporting the decrease in casulaties related to new year’s eve celebration • a teacher introducing a new concept in class

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NASA announcing the discovery of a new habitable planet closest to earth

B. REGULATION / CONTROL - we want people we interact with to manage their behavior or sometimes because we want them do things as we please. - taga-utos Examples: • a teacher who provides students instructions on what to do in a performance task • a referee blowing his whistle as a go signal for a volleyball player to serve the ball • a publisher reminding an author of her deadline for a book project • a child displaying tantrums in the mall, so his parents would buy him his favorite toy • a doctor requiring the nurse to monitor the heartbeat rate of the patient C. SOCIAL INTERACTION - to form bonds with other people or it is our way of forging friendships with them. Examples: • classmates who are sharing with one another secrets about their new crushes • a person at work who sits with a newly hired employee and tries to ask questions about his previous employment • construction workers during lunchtime discussing what happened in their respective favorite shows last night • teachers in the faculty lounge who share stories with one another of their funny experiences in the classroom • two complete strangers who were forced to talk to each other because they share the same table in a fastfood chain D. MOTIVATION - to persuade, convince, or inspire others. Examples: • a credit card agent approaching random people in the mall and encouraging them to avail of their promo • a pharmacist trying to make a customer buy a much cheaper but of better quality medicine

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an agent who entices a prospect customer into buying and trying their latest product a coach who is influencing an athlete to continue his scholarship in the same university instead of transferring to a new one a guidance counselor going to different schools to promote the university

E. EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION - to appeal to the emotions of other people. Examples: • a student asking for an extension of deadline for a major requirement • a patient appealing to the doctor to waive his professional fee to lessen hospital expenses • Street children begging for food from passersby • an accused pleading not guilty in court and uses poverty as an excuse for committing a crime • an employee who has just been terminated because of two consecutive offenses requesting for another chance

SPEECH CONTEXTS It is the number of people involved in the communication process. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION - the same person acts as both the sender and receiver of the message.

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION - the sender and the receiver are two different persons. - sometimes also referred to as dyadic communication. A. Intimate & personal B. Formal & impersonal

GROUP COMMUNICATION - there are more than one sender and receiver interacting with one another.

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- the success and/or failure of group communication may be dependent of the behavior of the memebers of the group. TYPES OF PEOPLE IN GROUP COMMUNICATION 1. Controlling- who dominates the discussion 2. Egalitarian- who not only willingly gives information, but allows others to do the same 3. Structuring- who sees to it that all members follow a systematic way of doing things 4. Dynamic- who encourages other people to participate 5. Relinquishing- who gives way to others to avoid conflict 6. Withdrawing- who does not want to have anything to do with the group PUBLIC COMMUNICATION - there is one sender giving a message to a large group of receivers. Ex: special occasions, giving instructions, presenting and accepting awards, giving of tributes, advocacies MASS COMMUNICATION - takes place through television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, billboards, internet, and other types of media.

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