Organisational designs and structures PDF

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managerial concepts for group presentation or indivdual work...

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Organisational designs and structures are there for a reason. They provide direction and consistency across all operations, they maintain systems of hierarchy and accountability, they account for how different functions combine with one another and contribute as a whole. One of the first steps in designing an organisational structure is to evaluate current operations. Once you have a clear idea of how things work, you can start to judge what works and does not work with your long-term goals and adjust accordingly. This is done through departmentation which is the dividing of work and workers into separate organisational units for completing tasks. 1. This is done through departmentalisation which is the diving of work and workers into separate organisational unit for completing tasks . Functional and matrix organizational structure. Traditional organizational structures consist of 4 types of departmentalisation which are matrix departmentalisation, geographical departmentalisation, customer departmentalisation, product departmentalisation and last but not the least functional departmentalisation. In this case we will focus on two departmentalisations which will be Functional and matrix organizational structure for small businesses.

The Functional organizational structure When companies use a functional organizational structure, people with similar knowledge and skills are grouped together. This makes it possible for employees to become specialists in their field. Small businesses can make use Functional departmentalisation to focus on departments that need help in specific areas such as the recent covid 19.[ CITATION Dan19 \l 2057 ] suggests when businesses use a functional organizational structure, people with similar knowledge and skills are grouped together, this makes it possible for employees to become specialists in their field, one of the major issues small businesses are facing is reduction of staff by using this method managers are able to see which employees are capable and resolves the issue of job losses or hiring new staff. The functional structure provides employees, as well their departments with a clear objective and purpose for their work, in other words, employees for example in a marketing department know their job is marketing and as a result, those employees can focus on improving their marketing work and even specialize in a specific area of marketing, on the other hand. Everyone in a team must be clear about what needs to be done and by whom, when, why. Employees must also be equipped with the right skills and mindsets to solve problems. The functional organizational structure will ensure small businesses in crisis such as the covid-19, know what to do and which team or department to go to when a facing the pandemic in the future. you need to create new roles that you do not currently have the right people for

This means deciding who makes the decisions and setting out how accountability will function – not just who answers to who, but how performance will be assessed and where responsibility for driving performance lies. Small businesses can form teams or department that only specialise in online services for returning customers to purchase goods and services that is if a lowdown is underway. The functional departmentalisation is appropriate in this case because the specific team responsible for online services will be notified immediately when there’s a crisis situation and they know when to act. This reduced confusion on whom to report to. The appointment of a global pandemic team will introduce an online service platform for returning customers to purchase goods and services while a lockdown is underway. The functional organizational structure is appropriate in this case because the specific team responsible for the online service will be notified when there’s a crisis brewing, therefore reducing confusion on who to report to. This will be updated every time a global crisis arises in this case the covid-19 pandemic. This will also reduce the occurrence of loss of revenue, increase productivity and prevent loss of jobs as some employees may be required to work from home online.

The matrix departmentalization structure A matrix departmentalisation effectively means that employees answer to more than one boss. A matric departmentalisation basically employees answer to more than one boss. Small businesses can also apply the matrix departmentalization when a crisis arises, for example, have two or more managers to answer to e.g., if one of the managers is affected by covid the another is available to replace the affected manager. Form a team responsible for the application of safety standards at the workplace. The team solely focused on covid-19 to handle the crisis present and in the future. Hire managers and form a team that specializes in handling crises that will make sure employees follow the covid-19 safety requirements of Australia. making sure masks are worn This will ensure employees keep their jobs and workflow goes accordingly.  Ensure managers Look up covid 19 safety rules for reference, these include having physical distancing arrangements in place, the provision of hand-washing facilities, distribution of masks, and taking temperature checks.  Update workplace safety policy The matric departmentalisation is complex but helps in achieving goals fast, high productivity when there two or more managers. This type of structure is used in organisations which have diverse product lines and services, example teams can combine collaborate with different departments to work effectivity HR working with the IT department in a functional way and support each other in different areas. 

This structure also goes with the functional structure example as we mentioned the teams formed can work together the covid-19 team and the online service team can support to each other in pandemic. . Or in this case the suggested teams in the small businesses (this also goes with the functional structure can also be effective in a small business) Example the online team department can work with covid-19 team to figure ways to support each other in the crisis.

Job design Is defined as the way that a set of tasks or a job is organised, job design is characterized by 4 strategies, job specialization, job rotation, job enlargement and job enrichment, for out study we will focus on job enlargement and job rotation.

Job enlargement adding more tasks to employee’s normal work, this will help them increase productivity in the business, employees will be motivated to come to work for a new adventure. This will be beneficial to the employer and as well as the employees as it helps earn a higher wage, adding responsibilities to a role often results in better rewards, and a motivated ready to work employee equals more revenue for the company. . Job rotation Staying in a role for too long can bring loss of motivation, especially in a pandemic, job rotation ensures a change in environment with fresh new tasks that challenge the employee to learn and adjust, this reduces boredom and absenteeism. Businesses will offer different roles to other employees, for example in our case study they can be in the online team this week or they can switch to the covid-19 safety team another week, this helps the employees feel important and motivated to come to work.

Redesigning the whole organisation to suit the current changes in the environment is very important. Employee Empowerment a great way to improve employee motivate, example empower employees to make decisions and give an option on some matters. Example give your employees small responsibilities to govern the day and to contribute to a matter, or what they experienced in the pandemic or if they have some tools to help motivate others.

Inter-organizational process is an organized group of joint activities carried out by two or more organizations to achieve a common business objective.

We will focus on the Virtual organisations. Part of a network in which many companies share skills, cost, capabilities to customers to solve customer problems or products and services. Using expertise of other companies to improve services. Example Doleitte created a roadmap to recovery for small businesses to adapt to the changes during the pandemic the form goes in-depth on how small business can recovery fast, small business can share this tool and help face future. This is created for small business to recover and navigate the covid-19 by working together with companies such as deloitte small businesses are motivated to move forward and adapt to the changes right now and the future.

Deloitte is a leading global provider of audit and assurance, consulting, financial advisory, risk advisory, tax, and related services.

According Deloitte Private’s Small Business Roadmap for Recovery & Beyond: Workbook it provides a practical approach to interrogate the choices your business is making in this uniquely challenging environment.(Culley,2020)

References Cain, A., 2020. sydney morning herald. [Online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/banking-and-finance/how-small-business-isadapting-for-the-recovery-20200826-p55pfw.html [Accessed thursday September 2020]. Culley, A., 2020. [Online] Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/au/en/blog/greenhouse/2020/private-market-recovery-

workshop.html [Accessed August 2020]. Griffin, D., 2019. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/. [Online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/functional-organizational-structure-advantages3721.html

Forsey, C 2021, What is Marketing, and What’s Its Purpose? blog. HubSpot, Viewed 19 March 2021, https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/what-is-marketing

Culley, A., 2020, Private Market Recovery Workshop, deloitte.com, Viewed 23 March 202. https://www2.deloitte.com/au/en/blog/greenhouse/2020/private-market-recoveryworkshop.html...