Parent infancy 6 - Took this class with Prof. Mabel Gomez PDF

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Took this class with Prof. Mabel Gomez...

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Parent-Infant/Toddler Verbal Interactions - Infants’ predisposition to learn language is matched by parents’ motivation to promote language. - Live language is vastly superior to recorded language (radio or television) for language development because it is interactive. - When speaking with their babies, it is helpful if parents: - Clearly pronounce words such as Mama and Dada. - Speak facing infants and toddlers, so that they are able to see the parents’ mouths words as they are formed. - Sing to their infants, since that is another way that parents promote their infant’s language development. The Importance of Reading Books with Infants and Toddlers - Parent-child book reading is linked with the early onset of language. - The age that their parents engage them in shared reading is the strongest predictor of language skills. - The mechanism through which early reading influences language development is joint attention. - As a result of those reading episodes, infants and toddlers find it easier to associate words with objects. - Since those interactions typically recur over and over again, the infant or toddler is provided multiple opportunities to match words with objects. The Care of Infants and Toddlers When Parents Work Factors to consider when evaluating center-based child care quality: - The child-caregiver ratio. - The safety of the facility, the toys, and the activities. - Whether the center has a developmental program. - The training of caregivers. - How discipline is handled. - Whether cultural congruence is reflected in the child care workers' ethnicity as well as the developmental program. Other Child Care Options - Tag-team parenting, preferred by some dual-earner families: - Savings on child care costs. - Parents are more likely to share other household responsibilities. - Infants and toddlers are given the opportunity to be cared for exclusively by their fathers. - Grandparents who provide care unit are more likely to:

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Be younger, married, African American, and females with lower incomes. The age of the grandchildren plays the most significant role in influencing grandparent care. - Grandparents are more likely to provide care to grandchildren under five years of age.

Tips for Survival Post Labor Nursing: - Feeding on demand, using hospital resources (lactation consultant). Make time to care for self, warm compress (engorged or blocked ducts - increases milk flow). Sleeping: - Taking shifts with support. Sleep when baby sleeps, be contingently responsive to self and baby. Soothing: - Have the external environment mimic the womb (swaddle, allow to suck thumb, hold by your side, etc.), play tunes, warm things up, baby massage, and warm bath. Staying Sane: - Establish visiting rules. Ignore unwanted advice. Forget about housework, accept help, go with the flow, and reconnect with the world. Early Attachment and Parent-Preschooler Relationships - Attachment security of preschoolers occurs when parents: - Responding sensitively to them during infancy. - Continue to respond sensitively to them during early childhood. - Attachment security during preschool is a reliable predictor of : - Early conscience development. - The development of a positive view of the self. - Parents of securely attached preschoolers are warm and accepting of their young children and less controlling. Promoting the Young Children’s Sense of Intimacy - Preschoolers are more likely to develop a sense of initiative (Erikson) when parents and others: - Support their curiosity and adventurous nature. - State commands in the positive rather than negative. - Instead of “NO & DON’T, BAD BOY/GIRL” - The negativity of toddlers and preschoolers is directly related to the negativity of parents and other caregivers.

Parental Contributions to Preschoolers’ Self-Esteem - Young children become increasingly aware of others' opinions. - They evaluate their own behaviors using those standards. - Parents promote preschoolers self-esteem by: - Consistently sending a clear message to them that they are valued. - Assisting them to become increasingly more self-reliant. - Not continually doing thighs for them that they can do for themselves. - Closely monitoring their activities. - Establishing reasonable parameters and rules of behavior. Taking to Young Children About Their Emotions - Parent-child conversations about emotions promote young children’s social and emotional development. - In contrast, exposing young children to harsh or distressed parental emotions increases the intensity of preschoolers’ negative emotions. - Thai contributes to their lowered social competence. - Preschoolers’ negative emotions often reflect attempts to cope with harsh and distressed parenting. - Their negative emotions also indicate lower levels of social competence. Promoting Preschoolers’ Self-Reliance - When parents assist their preschool children in their goal of mastering a variety of activities, they: - Help them learn responsible ways to behave. - Promote their development of a positive self-image. - Contribute to their feelings of self-reliance. - When encouraging children to perform self-help and simple household responsibilities, parents need to keep in mind that young children: - Will take longer to perform those tasks. - Will need assistance along the way. - Will require parental patience with their less-than-perfect performance....