Period 7 Amsco Reading Guide - Apush PDF

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AMSCO Reading Guide: Period 7: 1890 - 1945 Complete the following reading guide in its entirety using the provided AMSCO text. Completed reading guides will be accessible during reading quizzes. 7.1 and 7.2 | Contextualizing Period 7 and Imperialism: Debates Historical Developments 7.1 | Contextualizing Period 7 - Explain the context in which America grew into the role as a world power. Read 7.1 If you’d like to take notes, do so here.

7.2| Imperialism: Debates - Explain the similarities and differences in attitudes about the nation’s proper role in the world. Desbrice US interests in the following time periods: ❏ After the 1790s:

❏ After the Civil War:

❏ After 1890: Expansion after the Civil War Who was William H. Seward?

Describe his most significant actions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Failure:

Why was Russia open to selling Alaska to the US?

How did Americans feel about the Purchase? What did they call it?

Desbrice US action in Hawaii in the following years: ❏ Mid - 1800s ❏ 1870 ❏ 1893 (make sure to name the monarch)

Why did Americans want Hawaii? Why did Grover Cleveland block Republican efforts to annex Hawaii? Timeline adapted from Henretta America’s History Eighth Edition

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The Era of “New Imperialism” What marked a renewed interest in imperialism?

What countries were involved in economic imperialism? How did the US hope to take land overseas? What was the change in American expansion in this time period?

Why did the US have interest in foreign nations? 1. 2. Describe why the following groups supported imperialism: ➔ Republicans: ➔ Farmers: Describe the impact of the book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890) ➢ Author: ➢ Argument: ➢ Overseas Result: ○ Why did the US take interest in Samoa and others in the Pacific Ocean? ○ By 1900…. ➢ Who else supported growth in the Navy?

What caused fear of increasing social turmoil?

How did overseas territories help alleviate this fear?

What beliefs did expansionists use to justify taking overseas land?

Describe the main ideas presented in Josiah Strong’s Our Country: Its Possible Future and Present Crisis (1885) 1. 2.

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3. What did many missionaries who traveled to Africa, Asia, and the Pacific Islands believe?

How did newspapers and magazines increase public interest in the US becoming more involved in world affairs? Opposition to Imperialism Describe the main reasons some people were against imperialism: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Latin America When and with what document did the US assume the role of protector of Latin America? Who extended this tradition? What was established at the Pan - American Conference?

What was the Venezuela Boundary Dispute? - Causes: -

US threat:

-

Outcome of arbitration:

-

Turning point in US - British relations:

The Monroe Doctrine set what important precedent?

Anti - Imperialists were rooted in… Imperialists were rooted in….

7.3 | The Spanish American War and U.S. Foreign Policy 10 1917 Historical Developments - Explain the causes and effects of the Spanish - American War What gave the US reasons for intervention in Cuba? 1. 2. 3. The Spanish - American War Define jingoism…

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What did Expansionists want? Opponents, like Presidents Cleveland and Mckinley believed… Why was the US more willing to go to war in the 1890s then it had been? What were the goals of Cuban nationalists in the 1860s and 1880s?

Who was General Valeriano Weyler and what is he known for? What was “yellow journalism”? Who authored two of the most sensationalist newspapers of the time? What were they called? 1. 2. What did they print and how did the American people respond? What was the De Lome letter and where was it published? What was the result?

What happened to the U.S.S. Maine? What was it blamed on? What was McKinley’s initial demand for Spain? Did they comply?

Who still wanted war? McKinley’s war message to congress said: 1. 2. 3. 4. What did the Teller Amendment say? Where were the first and last shots fired of the war? Why was the war called “a splendid little war”? Why was George Dewey told to take US Navy ships to the Philippines?

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Was the US successful in the Philippines?

Describe the US force that landed in Cuba. What was the deadliest part of the war in Cuba? Describe the Spanish army in Cuba.

Describe the major people, actions, and results of the following events in the war: ❖ San Juan Hill: ❖ Santiago Bay: ➢ Major Result:

Why and why was Hawaii annexed? The treaty with Spain called for: 1. 2. 3. Why were some Americans against parts of the treaty? Anti - Imperialists were against the Paris of Treaty because: 1. 2. 3. Did the treaty pass in Congress? How did the Fillipino people feel about this? Who was Emilio Aguinaldo and what did he do? How long did the US fight the insurrection in the Philippines?

Who led the Anti - Imperialist League and what did they want? What was decided in the US Supreme Court Insular Cases from 1901 - 1903?

Despite the US promising to respect Cuba’s sovereignty, the Platt Amendment demanded: 1.

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2. 3. This turned Cuba into a _________________________________ and meant that Cuba’s foreign policy would, for many years, be subject to U.S. _______________________________ and __________________. Who did the Republicans nominate for President and Vice President? Who did the Democrats nominate and what did he advocate for? Who won and why? Effects of the war: 1. 2. 3. Open Door Policy in China Who was John Hay? What concerned him about China? Who had established Spheres of Influence in China? What did this mean?

What was Hay’s Open Door Note?

Why did he declare it accepted? What was on the rise in China? What did the Boxers do?

How did the US react?

What was the effect on China? What was Hays scared of after the Boxer rebellion was put down? What did his second note say? 1. 2. What kept European powers from grabbing larger pieces of China?

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Theodore Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Policy What happened in 1901? What was Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” policy? How did he act in foreign affairs?

Who did this please? Why did the US want a canal through Central America to connect the Atlantic and Pacific oceans? What would have to be thrown out to achieve this? What replaced the existing treaty?

Why did Theodore Roosevelt orchestrate a revolt for Panama’s independence in 1903?

What did the Hay - Bunau - Varilla Treaty say?

What groups were unhappy with Roosevelts insistence on building the Panama Canal and why?

Describe the events of the following years: - 1921 -

1999

Why were some European nations gearing up to get more involved in Latin America? What was the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?

The Roosevelt Corollary helped the US justify sending troops where?

What was the long term impact of the Corollary?

Roosevelt and Asia Who else was becoming an imperial power at this time?

Who went to war at this time? What was the Treaty of Portsmouth?

Why did the Japanese not like it?

What was a source of tension between the US and Japan?

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What was the “Gentlemen's Agreement” that helped ease the tension?

Why was the Great White Fleet sent around the work in 1907 - 1909?

What was pledged in the Root - Takahira Agreement?

Why was Roosevelt awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?

What was settled at the Algecira Conference that Roosevelt helped arrange?

What was discussed at the Second International Peace Conference?

William Howard Taft and Dollar Diplomacy How did William Howard Taft’s idea of diplomacy differ from Roosevelts?

What did he focus on?

What did Taft think would help stabilize China? What thwarted these attempts? When and by doing what did Taft test this in China?

What countries violated the Open Door Policy? How? Woodrow Wilson and Foreign Affairs What did Wilson promise the nation? What did he oppose? What did Wilson attempt to show in his first term as President? The Jones act, passed by Wilson in 1916 said: 1. 2. 3.

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What slowed Philippine independence?

In 1917, an act of Congress did what for Puerto Rico? 1. 2. What did Wilson pass in 1914 in regards to US ships going through the Panama Canal?

Wilson’s secretary of state, passed the conciliation treaties which said: 1. 2. Wilson was less anti-colonialist in what region? Why? What happened in 1913? How did WIlson respond?

What did Wilson do to aid revolutionaries fighting against Huerta in Mexico?

What was the Tampico Incident in 1914? Why was war avoided?

Why were John J. Pershing and an expeditionary force sent into Mexico?

Why did they halt action even though they were unsuccessful?

Uncertain Rise to Power Despite its rise as a global power after the Spanish - American war, why was the US hesitant to get involved in WWI?

7.4 | The Progressives LO - Compare the goals and effects of the Progressive reform movement Historical Developments What did the progressives of the 21st century have in common with the Gilded Age reformers? Constitutional Amendments were passed in this period that: 1.

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2. 3. 4. Origins of Progressivism What was the middle class growing unhappy with?

Based on which previous movements…. Last from ___________________ to ____________________ and ended because of ___________________. Who were the Progressives? Who made up the progressive party? What were their common goals? 1. 2. 3. Describe how the following groups contributed to the Progressive party (like who was involved, what issues did they focus on, etc…) ➔ Urban Middle Class ➔ Professional Class ➔ Religion Who came to be a progressive leader in the Republican party? What about the Democratic party?

What were progressives committed to? Who were leading pragmatists? What was the belief of pragmatists? What ideas did they challenge? Frederick Taylor and his ideas of Scientific Management said what? Why did progressives come to be an anti-political machine? The Muckrakers Who were Muckrakers and what kinds of stories did they write?

What kind of stories did Henry Demarest Lloyd write in the Atlantic Monthly? His book Wealth Against Commonwealth did what?

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Who were some significant Muckraker writers? What were some significant Muckraker publications? What kinds of stories did these magazines and writers produce?

Books Name the author and subject matter of the following significant books: ★ How the Other Half Lives ★ The Shame of the Cities ★ The Financier and The Titan ★ The Octopus ★ The Pit ★ The Jungle Declined because of: 1. 2. 3. Lasting effect: Political Reform in Cities and States The cornerstone of the Progressive ideology was…. Progressives were a bit split. - One group supported….. -

The other group believed…

Progressives worked to increase the participation of the __________________ citizen in ______________. Why did states adopt a secret ballot? Before 1903, how were candidates nominated for state and federal office? What was the direct primary? Was this super successful at ending boss politics? Who was often excluded from primaries? Who initially chose Senators? How did people feel this impacted Congress? What was the 17th Amendment?

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Describe the following progressive actions that forced legislatures to obey the “will of the people” 1. The Initiative 2.

The Referendum -

3.

The Recall -

Many progressives targeted what first? Describe the municipal reforms made by Toledo, Ohio’s republican mayor “Samuel “Golden Rule” Jones: 1. 2. 3. What kinds of utilities did the Progressives want to take out of the hands of private business and put under the control of local government? Describe how Progressives changed municipal (city) government in the following places: - Galveston, Texas - Commission Plan -

Dayton, Ohio - Manager - Council Plan

Describe the actions taken at state levels by the following people to reform state governments: - Charles Evans Hughes - New York -

Hiram Johnson - California

-

Rober La Follete - Wisconsin and the “Wisconsin Idea” _____________________ primary - Tax Law Reform - RegulatoryCommissions to monitor _____________________, utilities, and insurance.

How did the following groups feel about prohibition? - Urban Reformers: -

Rural Reformers:

-

The Drys:

Progressive settlement house workers like Jane Addams and Florence Kelley lobbied for: 1. 2. 3. 4. In regards to the criminal justice system, reformers worked for: 1. 2. 3. Describe the impact of the following on child and women labor: ➔ National Child Labor Committee:

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➔ Compulsory School Attendance: ➔ Florence Kelley and the National Consumers’ League: ➔ Lochner v. New York: ➔ Muller v. oregon: How many died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire and what was the result of this? Why did some women later want these protections removed?

Political Reform in the Nation Which presidents sought broad Progressive reform despite more conservative forces?

Theofore Roosevelt’s Square Deal How did Theo Roosevelt view the job of the President? How did this impact the progressive movement?

What did Roosevelt think should happen in disputes between Owners and Laborers? Describe what took place in Pennsylvania in 1902: Roosevelt pushed for a commission to make findings in the dispute that both sides accepted. It included: 1. 2.

How else did Roosevelt gain popularity at this time? Which trusts specifically did he try to bust? Define a “good trust” and a “bad trust”?

The Elkins Act (1903) said… The Hepburn Act (1906) said… What did Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle highlight? Public outcry after the novel led to the passage of two laws. Describe them below: - Pure Food and Drug Act: -

Meat Inspection Act:

What may be Roosevelt's most lasting contribution to domestic policy?

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Describe his 3 most important contributions: 1. Forest Reserve Act of 1891 2.

Newlands Reclamation Act of 1902 -

3.

White House Conference of Governors -

Who did Taft defeat? How did Taft carry on Roosevelt's actions? What was the Mann - Elkins Act of 1910? What did the 16th Amendment say? How did Taft carry on the tradition of being a conservationist? Why did some progressives believe Taft was more conservative than they wanted him to be? 1. 2. 3. The Republican party split between a conservative faction loyal to __________________________ and a progressive faction loyal to _____________________________. What did the new 3rd party the Socialists want? Who was often the Socialist candidate for President? What Socialist ideas were eventually accepted? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Under what circumstance was Theodore Roosevel elected as the Republican party candidate? What was the Bull Moose Party and who did they nominate? Who was nominated by the Democratic party? Describe the plans of the two nominees: - New Nationalism -

New Freedom -

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Who won the presidency? Who controlled Congress? Woodrow Wilson’s Progressive Program What was significant about Wilson being elected? How did he feel about the Presidency?

What did Wilson attack in his inaugural speech? What did Wilson pass with the Underwood Tariff in 1913? 1. 2. How did Wilson feel about the Gold Standard? What was the role of the Federal Reserve Board?

Describe the other laws/policies Wilson supported: - Federal Trade Commission -

Clayton Antitrust Act

-

Federal Farm Loan Act

-

Child Labor Act -

Progressives largely ignored which issues? Describe the ideas of two leading African American activists: - Booker T. Washington -

W.E.B. Dubois -

Describe the goals of the following Civil Rights Organizations: - Niagara Movement -

W.E.B. Dubois National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) -

-

National Urban League -

Carrie Chapman Catt was the new leader of what? She fought for…. How was the National Woman’s Party different from the NAWSA? What was the 19th Amendment? What was the goal of the League of Women Voters? What are some other issues women worked towards at this time?

7.5 | World War I: Military Diplomacy LO: Explain the causes and consequences of US involvement in World War I . Historical Developments

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What sparked WWI? The underlying causes were: 1. 2. 3. 4. Neutrality President Wilson initially called for ________________________. The Allied Powers were: The Axis Powers were: Why was neutrality difficult? What similarity does the lead up to WWI have with the lead up to the War of 1812?

How did the German’s respond to the British blockade and what new military technology did they use?

Describe the events surrounding the Lusitania, and President Wilson’s response.

Germany went on to sink two more ships. What were they named? How did Wilson respond? What was the Sussex Pledge?

Economic Links with Britain and France What helped the US economy rebound after a recession in the early 21st century? Why did US economic support lean towards the allies? Between 1914 - 1917, US trade with the Allies ___________________________, trade with Germany was almost 0. What did the US do to continue to prosper while helping the Allied war efforts? Public Opinion How did the US view Germany? What event spurred on this belief? Most immigrant groups living in the US supported which powers? Most native born Americans supported who? Why?

How did the British influence the American press?

The War Debate

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Who advocated for joining the war and why? What was preparedness? Who supported it and who did not? What was the National Defense Act in June 1916?

What groups were against entering the war? The Election of 1916 Why did Wilson believe he was not likely to win reelection in 1916? Why did Wilson win in 1916?

Peace Efforts What actions did Wilson take to try and mediate the conflict in Europe? Were they successful?

Decision for War When did Wilson ask Congress to enter the war? Describe the main causes of entering the war below: - Unrestricted Submarine Warfare: -

Zimmerman Telegram:

-

Russian Revolution:

Wilson called on Congress to defend ___________________________ and _____________________ ideas. Why did Wilson believe a state of war existed between the US and Germany?

Fighting the War Why was WWI so deadly? Why were the Russians out of the war? How did the US help protect merchant ships against the German submarines? Very generally, describe how the US contributed to the breaking of the German line before the November 11th armistice where Germany surrendered:

How many died on the US side? What were the major causes? Making the Peace What do you think Wilson’s “Peace without Victory” meant?

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Briefly list 9 major points of Wilson’s 14 Points:

The Treaty of Versailles What did the other nations a...