Prelim CAFS Notes - Grade: A PDF

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Cafs Prelim Notes - Brooke Charlton  

Contents Glossary Topic 1

3 3

Topic 2

4

Topic 3 Mnemonics

5 6

Core 1: Resource Management FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF RESEARCH MANAGEMENT (1/3) WELLBEING NEEDS AND WANTS SATISFACTION OF NEEDS AND WANTS

8 8 8 8 9

RESOURCES INFLUENCES ON RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2/3)

9 10

FACTORS AFFECTING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PERSONAL MANAGEMENT SKILLS

10 10

EFFECTIVE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (3/3) STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INTERVIEWS AS A PRIMARY RESEARCH METHOD

11 11 11

Core 2: Individuals And Groups

12

GROUPS IN THE COMMUNITY (1/4) TYPES OF GROUPS (6)

12 12

REASONS FOR GROUP FORMATION (10) ROLES INDIVIDUALS ADOPT WITHIN GROUPS (2/4)

12 13

SPECIFIC ROLES OF INDIVIDUALS (3): FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE ROLES PEOPLE ADOPT WITHIN GROUPS OBSERVATION AS A PRIMARY RESEARCH METHOD POWER WITHIN GROUPS (3/4)

13 13 13 14

POWER BASES LEADERSHIP

14 14

FACTORS INFLUENCING LEADERSHIP (4) CONFLICT WITHIN GROUPS (4/4)

14 15

CASE STUDY AS A SECONDARY RESEARCH METHOD CAUSES OF CONFLICT (6)

15 15

CONFLICT RESOLUTION

15

Core 3: Families and Communities

16

FAMILIES (1/4) FAMILY

16 16

FAMILY STRUCTURES (11) ROLES INDIVIDUALS ADOPT WITHIN FAMILIES

16 16

COMMUNITIES (2/4) DEFINITIONS OF A COMMUNITY

17 17

QUESTIONNAIRE AS A PRIMARY RESEARCH METHOD LEVELS OF COMMUNITY ORGANISATION

17 17

 1

Cafs Prelim Notes - Brooke Charlton   ROLES GROUPS ADOPT WITHIN COMMUNITIES DECISION-MAKING IN COMMUNITIES

18 18

DECISION-MAKING PROCESS MANAGING CHANGE IN FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES (3/4)

18 19

NATURE OF CHANGE IMPACT OF CHANGE ON FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES

19 20

TYPES OF SUPPORT SOCIALISATION OF INDIVIDUALS WITHIN FAMILIES AND COMMUNITIES (4/4)

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20 21

STAGES OF THE LIFE SPAN LITERATURE REVIEW AS A SECONDARY RESEARCH METHOD

21 23

LITERATURE REVIEWS INFLUENCES ON SOCIALISATION (7)

23 23

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 2

Cafs Prelim Notes - Brooke Charlton  

Glossary Topic 1 Wellbeing

The degree of satisfaction that an individual or group experiences when needs are met.

Emotional factors

Relate to feelings

Economic factors

Relate to finance

Cultural factors

Relate to customs, beliefs, values and traditions

Physical factors

Relating to physical health and safety

Spiritual factors

Relating to moral and/or religious areas

Social factors

Relating to interaction with other people

Needs

Necessities of life; required for survival, physical and mental health

Wants

Preferences or desires not necessary for survival or for the maintenance of good health

Safety & Security

Essential desire to feel protected and safe from threat

Holistic

The concept of everything being connected

Education

Acquiring knowledge and skills

Sense of identity

An individual's idea of who they are

Employment

An activity to which one devotes time; exerting energy towards a goal for payment/profit/commission.

Adequate standard Primary needs - food, clothing, shelter (required by people) of living Goals

An objective that an individual may aim for in life

3 Rs

Reduce, reuse, recycle

Values

Qualities that an individual or family believes to be desirable and important in life

Availability

The opportunity for families or individuals to obtain or use support networks

Accessibility

Refers to the opportunity families or individuals to reach support networks

Informal support networks

The social supports provided by family members, relatives, neighbors and friends

Formal support networks

The systems that exist outside the family group; these networks may be provided by a government - federal, states and local - or community, organisations including voluntary agencies

Planning

The process of making plans to achieve or do something

Organisation

The action or quality of being systematic and efficient; it infers being orderly and logical

Communication

The method by which people share their ideas

Verbal

Communication through the use of sounds and words

 3

Cafs Prelim Notes - Brooke Charlton   communication Non-verbal communication

Communication through physical actions and body language

Decision-making

The process of making choices or reaching decisions based on considering alternatives available

Problem-solving

Method for analysing a situation, generating possible solutions and evaluating the options

Interview

A conversation/discussion between two or more people to collect information or opinions

Structured interview

A planned interview with a set of predetermined questions developed by the researcher 

Unstructured interview

A more discussion-like interview with the researcher planning areas for discussion without developing the actual questions

Resources

Things people use to achieve goals

Topic 2 Culture

The shared products of a human group; physical objects and beliefs, values and shared behaviours

Role

The part played by somebody in a given social context, with any characteristics or expected pattern of behaviour that it entails

Leader

An individual who guides or directs others by showing them the way, or by telling them how to behave

Norm

A standard or pattern of behaviour that is considered normal in a particular society

Self-esteem

An individual's self-perception, self-value or self-worth

Sociogram

A map that is used to track/record interactions between individuals within a group; directional arrows show the flow of interactions

Power

An individuals or groups ability to do something or bring about change

Powerbase

The position, area, groups or individuals that provide the foundation of somebodies power/support

Conflict

A disagreement between individuals or groups based on a clash of ideas, beliefs, principles or people; incompatible desires, impulses or states of being result in a psychological state of turmoil

Case study

A primary research method in which the data collected are in a raw format and have not been gathered or written by another party

Incompatible

A situation in which individuals have basic differences, different goals and aspirations and are unable to exist, cooperate, blend or get along with one another

Negotiation

The process of discussion between two or more individuals who seek to find a solution to a common problem

Mediation

A method of conflict resolution that is carried out by an unbiased individual working with the disputing parties to help them improve their communication and their analysis of the conflict situation

Resolution

The process of resolving a dispute or conflict by providing for the needs of disputing parties, and adequately addressing their interests so that they are satisfied with the outcome

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Cafs Prelim Notes - Brooke Charlton  

Topic 3 Adoption

The legal process where all legal rights and responsibilities are transferred from birth parents to adoptive parents

Surrogate

A woman who becomes pregnant on behalf of a couple who cannot have a child

Community

A group of people within society who have a common background or shared interests and who may live in a similar area

Demographic

Examples of quantitative data that relate to a study of groups in a community

Questionnaire

A set of formally prepared questions that seek information on a person's knowledge, beliefs, feelings, opinions, likes or dislikes; it is completed by the respondent

Survey

A set of formally prepared questions that seek information on a person's knowledge, beliefs, feelings, opinions, likes or dislikes; it is filled in by the researcher after asking the respondent questions

Socialisation

The lifelong process by which individuals learn and recognize patterns of behaviour expected of them by society

Lifespan development

A series of stages in an individual's life, each of which brings them closer to adulthood and independence

Communicable diseases

Diseases passed from a person to another person (such as head lice, measles), insects/animals (for example, mosquitos and bats) and the environment (for example, via water and waste)

Harm minimisation

Identifying harms to individuals and society and implementing strategies to minimise these harms

Lifestyle diseases

A group of diseases attributed to an individual's way of life including diet, exercise, weight-to-weight ratio (obesity), cigarette use and alcohol intake; for example, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, lung cancer and bowel cancer

Multiple-role expectations

Expectations based on a person as a result of the roles they assume such as being a parent, an employee, a wife or a husband, son or daughter, or the president of the Parents and Citizens Association

Literature review

A secondary research method involving a search and evaluation of existing knowledge on a particular topic

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 5

Cafs Prelim Notes - Brooke Charlton  

Mnemonics

Factors affecting wellbeing Social Physical Emotional Economic Cultural Spiritual  Specific Needs Safety and Security Health Education Sense of identity Employment Adequate standard of living  Goal setting Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant Time-bound  Personal management skills Planning and organisation Communication Problem-solving Decision-making  Influencing access to resources Gender Age Socioeconomic status Culture Disability  Decision-making styles Impulsive Rational Intuitive Confident Hesitant  Factors influencing decision-making Past experiences & personal values Access to resources Attitudes to change Complexity of the problem Sociocultural factors  

Factors influencing leadership Knowledge Attitudes Relationships Type of task  Reasons for group formation Culture Religion Safety and security Shared interest/common goal Locality/geography Other reasons Gender Security Sexuality Social interaction  Roles people adopt within groups Self-esteem Self-confidence Sense of belonging Culture Heredity Education Previous experience  Types of groups Cultural groups Religious groups Other specific groups within the community Sporting and leisure groups Study and work groups Family and friendship groups  Power bases Legitimate Expert Referent Reward Coercive  Personal factors that contribute to group roles Culture Heredity Education Previous experience Self-esteem Self-confidence Sense of belonging

 6

Reasons for community formation Facilities Affordability Transport Education Employment Reputations  Family structures Nuclear Adoptive Kinship Extended Defacto Sole parent Blended Childless Communal Same-sex Foster  Influences on decision-making in communities Protesting Environmental factors Legislation Lobbying and community petitions  Decision-making process in communities Referendum Arbitration Consensus Election Voting  Nature of change Planned and unplanned Temporary and permanent Internal and external  Impact of change Family and community wellbeing Legislation Environmental Roles individuals adopt Technology   

Cafs Prelim Notes - Brooke Charlton   Communication Styles Passive Assertive Aggressive  Strategies for effective resource management Engaging in education or training Developing personal management skills Using interchangeable resources Adopting sustainable behaviours Accessing support N 

Social factors that contribute to group roles Gender expectations Relationships with group members Attitudes of group members Media   Observation as a primary research method Conducting and recording Advantages and disadvantages Presenting research findings

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 7

Roles individuals adopt Building positive relationships Satisfying specific needs Promoting wellbeing

Cafs Prelim Notes - Brooke Charlton  

WELLBEING Wellbeing - is the degree of satisfaction that an individual or group experiences when needs are met.  FACTORS AFFECTING WELLBEING (SPEECS) Social - interaction with other people Physical - physical health and safety Emotional - relating to feelings Economical - relating to finance Cultural - customs, beliefs, values and traditions Spiritual - moral and/or immoral areas  ● A person's wellbeing can affect the wellbeing of a group  

NEEDS AND WANTS Need - is the necessities of life which are required for survival and physical/mental health Want - is a preference or desire, not necessarily for survival or for the maintenance of good health  SPECIFIC NEEDS (SHESEAS) Safety and security - essential desire to feel protected and safe from threat Health - a person’s perception of wellbeing Education - acquiring knowledge and skills Sense of identity - an individual's idea of who they are Employment - where one devotes time, exerting energy, receiving payment Adequate Standard of living - primary needs (food, clothing, shelter - all people need)  Maslow's Hierarchy : Lower needs > Higher needs  Holistic - the concept of everything being interconnected                      8

Cafs Prelim Notes - Brooke Charlton  

SATISFACTION OF NEEDS AND WANTS GOAL SETTING (SMART) Specific Measurable Attainable Relevant Time-bound Examples: Short term: 1-2 weeks (easy) Arranging a child's birthday Medium term - 1-3 months (medium) Project that takes one term to complete in year 12 Long term - 5-12 months (hard) Achieving a degree at a tertiary institution at Tafe  ● Achieving goals enhances wellbeing, which can motivate more goal achieving  

RESOURCES Resources - things people use to achieve goals  Non-Human Resource: Human resource: ● Food ● Energy ● Clothing ● Motivation ● Money ● Sight  Interchangeability of resources - the concept of giving and receiving/helping one another with monetary or non-monetary benefits. - E.g, a adolescent completing chores in order to receive money for personal use  Resource sustainability - conservation of human/non-human resources                        

 9

Cafs Prelim Notes - Brooke Charlton  

FACTORS AFFECTING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Personal Values - qualities that an individual or family believes to be desirable and important in life. Personal values can change based on past experiences. Values: ● Determine the standards by which we judge the success of goals ● Influence behaviours ● Motivate actions ● Influence the goals that we set and how they are achieved ● Influence the priority of our needs and wants  FACTORS INFLUENCING AVAILABILITY OF AND ACCESS TO RESOURCES (GAS CD) Gender Age Socio-economic status Culture Disability  ACCESS TO SUPPORT Informal support network - relatives, friends, neighbours Formal support network - government agencies, community organisations

 PERSONAL MANAGEMENT SKILLS Planning - the process of making plans to achieve or do something Organisation - the action or quality of being systematic and efficient; it infers being orderly and logical  Communication - a method by which people share their ideas, information, opinions and feelings - Verbal or non-verbal Aggressive

Assertive

Passive

-Stand up for their own rights -Inconsiderate decision making -dominant, hostile and defensive

-stand up for their own rights with consideration of others -recognise the feelings of others

-allow others to infringe their rights -do not give an opinion -emotionally dishonest (polite)

Characteristics of effective communication: ● Sends clear messages ● Asking and answering questions ● Expresses thoughts and feelings

  DECISION-MAKING (CHIRI) Confident - certainty and trust of the outcome Hesitant - made with caution Impulsive - made spontaneously, without considering outcomes Rational - logical and sensible Intuitive - instinctive  PROBLEM SOLVING (5 steps) 1. Identify the problem 2. Explore alternate solutions and their consequences 3. Select an option 4. Implement the solution 5. Evaluate the situation   10

FACTORS INFLUENCING DECISION-MAKING (PAACS) Past experiences and personal values Access to resources Attitudes to change Complexity of the problem Sociocultural factors

Cafs Prelim Notes - Brooke Charlton  

STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT EDU AA ● Engaging in education or training ● Developing personal management skills ● Using interchangeable resources ● Adopting sustainable behaviours ● Accessing support - Management of resources can differ per the occasion (eg caring for a family member, completing the HSC, seeking employment) 

INTERVIEWS AS A PRIMARY RESEARCH METHOD Construct = include introductory questions, specified questions, open and closed questions Conduct = explain the purpose and privacy of research, use verbal/non-verbal communication Record = develop interview profile ->           Structured

Unstructured

Advantages

Disadvantages

Advantages

Disadvantages

-predetermined questions -consistent responses -specified running time

-less flexibility -questions may not suit all interviewees

-more relaxed -greater flexibility

-knowledgeable researcher -potential irrelevant questions -uncontrolled running time -varied responses are difficult to collate

 Advantages and disadvantages of interviews Advantages -

Disadvantages

Respondent may have questions (flexibility) Interviewer judges & adjusts questions Respondents may enjoy personal attention

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Time-consuming...