Problem Solving and Intelligence Lecture Notes PDF

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lecture notes from problem-solving and intelligence lecture...

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Problem Solving & Intelligence Intelligence: The cognitive ability of an individual to learn from experience, reason well, remember important information and cope with the demands of daily living. Functional Fixedness: a bias limiting view to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used.

How many different ways can you use a shoe lace 1. timing food 2. hair 3. belt 4. bracelet 5. hair band Louisiana Literacy Test - a test to prove you have minimum 5th grade literacy - but doesn’t make sense and it hard to complete - used in the past to get black people from being able to vote Three Intelligence Tests 1. Functional Fixedness Test - not reliable but is valid; it does test whether you can overcome functional fixedness, but not always reliable 2. Monty Hall Test - not reliable 3. Louisiana Literacy Test - reliable but not valid Do humans behave rationally? Bounded Rationality: Cognitive limitations precent humans from being fully rational Biases: Mistakes that influence judgment *Perception of the world is guided by our experiences Anchoring: The bias to be affected bu am initial anchor, even if the anchor is arbitrary Framing: The bias to be systematically affected by the way in which information is presented. Positive Framing: amount of people who live Negative Framing: amount of people who die Overcome biases by thinking slow, not fast What is rational decision making? 1. Define the problem

2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

identify criteria necessary to judge weigh the criteria generate alternatives rate each alternative compute optimal decision

Opt in policy and opt out policy

Tutorial Notes Piaget’s Developmental Stage theory 1) Sensorimotor (0-2) 1) Object Permanence 2) Pre-operational (2-7) 1) Egocentrism 2) Reversible Relationships 3) Conservation Tasks 4) Seriation 3) Concrete Operational (7-12) 1) Abstract thinking 4) Formal Operation stage (12+)...