Problem Solving of Intelligence Notes PDF

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Dr. Joe Kim Module 6 Problem Solving of Intelligence Notes...

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PSYCH - Problem Solving of Intelligence Notes Intelligence is the cognitive ability of one to learn from experience, reason, and remember important info Intelligence is the ability to perform cognitive tasks and learn +adapt from exp. Problem-solving ability is a reliable indicator of intelligence Deductive Reasoning Ideas and info ==> Specific Conclusion Inductive Reasoning Specific Fact ==> General Idea These are the heart of the scientific method You can start with a theory, and generate a hypothesis, this is DEDUCTIVE REASONING When you interpret data and make a conclusion about your findings, this is INDUCTIVE REASONING Insight problems make you think outside the box Good problem solveres are good noticers HISTORY OF INTELLIGENCE TESTING The reliability of a test is determined by the extent to which repeated testing produces consistent results pstyhologists say tha intelligence is a static internal quality validity is the extent to which a test is actually measuring what the researcher claims it is measuring Galton did a study on reaction time, he aimed to measure intelligence in an unbiased manner. He measred how quickly subjects would respons to sensory motor tasks by their reaction time and equated faster reaction time to higher intelligence, but it is not a very vaalid test of intelligence. Alfred Binet produced a test for measuirng the intelligence of children in which they answered 30 questions involving reason to measure their intelligence with diferent testsfor different age groups.

Louis Termin, made the Stanford-Biner Intelligence test Charle Spearman believed that there was a single type of intelligence as most people who performed well in intelligence tests did good in all other tests, and believed that one common intelligence known as "G" determined one's abilities. He later advocated only individuals with certain "G" levels, should vote and reproduce Howard Gardner believed that there were different types of intelligence Linguistic Mathematical Rhythmic Spatial

Kinesthetic Interpersonal Intrapersonal Naturalistic

Each type is independant of the others according to Gardner. Critics say that convincing evidence isn't present. Does not explain why people who do good in intelligence tests do good in all else. Intelligence testing is still used despite a histor of controversy. Most popular ones were made in the 1930s by David Weschler. The two tests used today are the WAIS and AISC (adults and children) These scales are stndardized to create IQ scores (mean score is 100), follows perfec normal distribution with sigmas of 15. Is a person's intelligence from genes or environment, incorrect as both contribute, but which does more? Identical twins show a strong positive correlation between each other (+0.8) Fraternal twins have a correlation of +0.6 IQs of identical twins in different environments is +0.73 (pretty high), but this does not factor all environmental factors and as such thereis no standard ratio Flynn effect has observed that raw IQ scores are rising since 1932 Flynn argues the quality of schooling explains it Others sa health and increased access to information explain it Piaget and Intelligence Development He argued that children are active learners Schema = a mental framework for interpreting the world around us

Assimilation - Incroporation of new information into existing chemas Accomodation - Modifying existing schemas to fit incompatible information Piaget four Stages Children can pass through at different paces but must go through all stagees sequentially Sensormotor 0-2 Childs realizes that they can effect change in their environment (crying, moving things, etc) object permanence is the realization things out of vision still exist Preoperational 2-7 Mastered object permanence Notably egocentric. cannot understand other world perspectives 3 mountain test of perspective cnnot logically order objects (seriation) Struggle with conservation Struggle with reversible relationships Concrete operational 7-12 can do all takss they couldnt before struggle with abstract hypotheses thoughts and ideas Formal Operational These ideas are kind of flawed as some kids ge some skills out of order. piaget tasks also rely heavily on the language capabilities of the child. Biases and Heuristics Confirmation bias is a tendency to seek information that directly Availability Heuristic is the tendency to make decisions based on the information most easily available to us Representativeness Heuristic is the tendency to assume that what we are seeing is representative of the larger category we have in our mind We favour the outome that best represent patterns we're familiar with Gamblers are very prone to Representative Heuristics...