PSYC 221 ambivalent sexism PDF

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Lecture on ambivalent sexism...

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Prejudice is negative evaluations and emotions directed towards members of a group Prejudice differs from stereotypes because there are emotions attached to prejudice E.g. sexism is gender prejudice based on gender differences Hostile sexism toward women: overt, derogatory attitudes toward women - (ambivalent sexism theory: Glick and Fiske, 1996) Measured by self-reported (dis)agreement with statements such as:  "women exaggerate problems they have at work"  "women seek power by getting control over men" The function of hostile sexism:  Example study: Hostile Sexism in work contexts

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Participants were "employers", who completed measures of their agreement vs. disagreement with hostile sexism CV was the exact same, only the name (gender) was changed and the questions was: would you give this person a job? Research question: when rating a CV, what is the relationship between participants hostile sexism and likelihood to hire? More agreement with hostile sexism in "employers" was associated with: lower employment recommendations for female candidates And higher employment recommendations for male candidates This association was found for both male and female participants ("employers") Hostile sexism summary

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A sexist ideology containing attitudes expressing that women are emotional, manipulative and incompetent Higher agreement with hostile sexism predicts; higher discrimination toward women in the workplace Hostile sexism functions to maintain men's power but through discrimination that is overt and easily challenged and is also destructive for men's relationships (they show lower relationship satisfaction)

What are other beliefs about women? (photo of men naming subtypes of women) Sexism is… "a special case of prejudice marked by a deep ambivalence, rather than uniform antipathy, toward women" This challenges the idea that prejudice is necessarily negative

Benevolent sexism toward women: attitudes that praise and express protection toward women and toward traditional relationships. Can be very subtle "why miss out on those first milestones" Measuring this: "women should be cherished and protected by men" "men are incomplete without the love of a good woman" "women, compared to men, tend to have a superior moral sensibility" Why is it ambivalent sexism theory? Hostile & benevolent - two types of sexism Study - on the nature of sexist ambivalence: profiling ambivalent and univalent sexists (graph) The more you believe one the more believe the other; there is a positive relationship (plot) Why is sexism ambivalent? Both of those ideologies function in really effective ways together The functions of benevolent sexism? Participants were women in the role of "candidate employees" who were exposed to one of three random "interviewers" Hostile sexism condition Benevolent condition None/control condition Sometimes benevolent sexism is not very noticeable

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Benevolent sexism summary A sexist ideology containing attitudes expressing that women are caring and moral but in need of protection Whereas hostile sexism works the opposite way Benevolent sexism… Impedes women's task performance Linked with higher relationship satisfaction in men (remember that hostile sexism has the opposite effect) Benevolent sexism functions to ensure men's power Ambivalent sexism theory summary Sexism toward women is made up of two sets of attitudes (ideologies), one is aggressive and hostile, the other is traditionally romantic but patronizing Men and women tend to agree (or disagree) with both ideologies, rather than just one

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Hostile sexism expresses threat toward women in non-traditional gender roles...