PSYCH 1010 - Module 28, questions and answers PDF

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PSYCH 1010, intro to psychology
Module 28 multiple choice questions with answer key
Test 3 preparation...

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Name: __________________________

Date: _____________

1. Language refers to the A) smallest distinctive sound units. B) rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences. C) spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning. D) rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes.

2. The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a A) prefix. B) suffix. C) morpheme. D) phoneme.

3. The various vowel sounds that can be placed between a “t” and an “n” produce words such as tan, ten, tin, and ton. These various vowel sounds represent different A) morphemes. B) syntaxes. C) phonemes. D) semantics.

4. English words are constructed from about ________ different phonemes. A) 5 B) 6 C) 26 D) 40

5. Morphemes are A) the smallest speech units that carry meaning. B) rules for deriving meaning from sounds. C) the smallest distinctive sound units of a language. D) rules for combining words into grammatically correct sentences.

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6. In the words helped and called, the ed ending is a(n) A) phoneme. B) morpheme. C) semantic. D) syntax.

7. The word thanks contains ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s). A) 1; 6 B) 6; 1 C) 2; 5 D) 5; 2

8. The system of rules in a language that enables us to understand and communicate with others is called A) semantics. B) telegraphic speech. C) grammar. D) syntax.

9. Semantics refers to the A) system of rules that enables us to communicate. B) orderly arrangement of words into grammatically correct sentences. C) smallest language units that carry meaning. D) rules by which we derive meaning from sounds.

10. The rock musician was hit with a rotten egg while performing his latest hit song. The fact that you can recognize two different meanings for the word hit in the preceding sentence demonstrates the importance of A) syntax. B) semantics. C) morphemes. D) telegraphic speech.

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11. To combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, we need to apply proper rules of A) semantics. B) syntax. C) simulation. D) phonics.

12. Lavonne was careful to avoid the use of dangling participles and run-on sentences in her essay because she did not want to lose points for faulty A) semantics. B) phonemes. C) morphemes. D) syntax.

13. Long before they can say words, many 6-month-old infants recognize the names of objects. This best illustrates their emerging capacity for A) productive language. B) telegraphic speech. C) receptive language. D) outcome simulations.

14. Mentally segmenting other's spoken sounds into individual words best illustrates a 7-month-old's capacity for A) telegraphic speech. B) receptive language. C) outcome simulation. D) productive language.

15. The ability to produce words is to productive language as the ability to comprehend speech is to ________ language. A) sign B) grammatical C) receptive D) telegraphic

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16. Using barely recognizable syllables to communicate meaning best illustrates a 12-month-old's developing capacity for A) syntax. B) telegraphic speech. C) productive language. D) babbling.

17. The earliest stage of speech development is called the ________ stage. A) babbling B) telegraphic speech C) one-word D) grammatical

18. Four-month-old Piper makes a series of repetitive consonant-vowel sounds such as ba ba ba ba. This best illustrates A) productive language. B) telegraphic speech. C) a universal grammar. D) babbling.

19. Infants are first able to discriminate speech sounds during the ________ stage. A) one-word B) telegraphic C) babbling D) syntactic

20. At some point during the babbling stage, infants begin to A) imitate adult grammar. B) communicate in telegraphic speech. C) speak in simple words that may be barely recognizable. D) lose their ability to discriminate sounds they never hear.

21. At the age of 15 months, Anita repeatedly cries “hoy” when she wants her mother to hold her. Anita is most likely in the ________ stage of language development. A) syntactic B) babbling C) telegraphic speech D) one-word

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22. No matter what language we first use, our first words are mostly A) verbs. B) adverbs. C) adjectives. D) nouns.

23. Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the ________ stage of language development. A) one-word B) babbling C) two-word D) semantic

24. Which of the following would be most characteristic of a 2-year-old's telegraphic speech? A) “a doggy” B) “eat apple” C) “to store” D) “ball pretty”

25. Noam Chomsky suggested that all human languages share a(n) A) universal grammar. B) neural network. C) outcome simulation. D) linguistic determinism.

26. Noam Chomsky attributed children's ability to pick up language so readily to A) statistical learning. B) frontal lobe activity. C) their early critical periods. D) a built-in readiness to learn grammar rules.

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27. Infants can learn the difference between syllable sequences that follow an ABA pattern (such as ga-ti-ga) and those that follow an ABB pattern (such as wo-fe-fe). This best illustrates the infant's capacity for A) telegraphic speech. B) statistical learning. C) a productive language. D) linguistic determinism.

28. By about age 7, those who have not been exposed to either a spoken or a signed language gradually lose their ability to master any language. This illustrates the importance of ________ for language acquisition. A) a critical period B) an outcome simulation C) telegraphic speech D) linguistic determinism

29. The best evidence that there is a critical period for language acquisition is the fact that A) infants babble sounds that occur in their parents' native language. B) toddlers maintain a capacity to discriminate language sounds they have never heard. C) people most easily master the grammar of a second language during childhood. D) preschoolers typically fail to use proper syntax.

30. Compared with deaf children exposed to sign language from birth, those who first learn sign language as teens are less likely to A) correctly imitate the signs they are shown. B) use signs to indicate concrete objects. C) mentally associate signs with written words. D) comprehend the grammatical subtleties of sign language.

31. Deaf culture advocates are most likely to object to the use of cochlear implants for A) children who were deaf prior to learning any language. B) adults who have experienced a loss of both vision and language. C) children who have never learned sign language. D) adults whose hearing becomes impaired later in their lives.

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32. Blind people are ________ accurate than sighted people at locating a sound source with one ear plugged, and blind musicians are ________ likely than sighted ones to develop perfect pitch. A) less; more B) more; less C) less; less D) more; more

33. In several studies, people with hearing loss, especially those not wearing hearing aids, have reported being ________ socially engaged and ________ often experiencing others' irritation. A) more; more B) less; less C) more; less D) less; more

34. An impairment of language is known as A) linguistic determinism. B) telegraphic speech. C) babbling. D) aphasia.

35. The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as A) Wernicke's area. B) Broca's area. C) the temporal lobe. D) the parietal lobe.

36. After Miguel's recent automobile accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Broca's area. It is likely that Miguel will have difficulty A) remembering past events. B) speaking fluently. C) reading. D) understanding other people when they speak.

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37. Wernicke's area is a region of the brain involved in A) implicit memory. B) muscle coordination. C) language comprehension. D) face recognition.

38. Wernicke's area is typically located in the left ________ lobe. A) parietal B) occipital C) temporal D) frontal

39. After Paul's snow-skiing accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebral cortex in Wernicke's area. Because of the damage, Paul is most likely to experience difficulty in A) remembering past events. B) pronouncing words correctly. C) understanding what others are saying. D) recognizing familiar faces.

40. A stroke may impair the ability to speak distinctly without harming the ability to read because different language functions depend on different A) mental images. B) perceptual sets. C) neural networks. D) critical periods.

41. A football quarterback simultaneously calculates receiver distances, player movements, and weather conditions. This best illustrates the activity of multiple A) critical periods. B) morphemes. C) neural networks. D) phonemes.

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42. Beatrice and Allen Gardner taught the chimpanzee Washoe to communicate by means of A) pictures. B) Morse code. C) sign language. D) English letters.

43. Research on the language capabilities of apes clearly demonstrates that they have the capacity to A) vocalize the most common vowel sounds. B) acquire language vocabulary as rapidly as most children. C) communicate through the use of symbols. D) do all of these things.

44. Animal trainers' expectations may have led them to interpret some chimpanzees' signs as indicative of greater linguistic ability than is warranted. This best illustrates the shortcoming of A) a universal grammar. B) a critical period. C) a perceptual set. D) linguistic determinism.

45. Human language appears to have evolved from A) statistical learning. B) gestured communication. C) a process simulation. D) a critical period.

46. To a child, “You follow me” and “Me follow you” communicate different ideas. A chimpanzee well-trained in sign language might use the same sequence of signs for both phrases because it is incapable of A) receptive language. B) appropriate syntax. C) outcome simulations. D) bilingual communication.

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47. FOXP2 is a ________ that helps enable the lip, tongue, and vocal movements of human speech. A) gene B) phoneme C) critical period D) region within the left temporal lobe

48. Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that A) infancy is a critical period for language development. B) all languages share a similar grammar. C) our linguistic proficiencies influence our social status. D) words shape the way people think.

49. Many people who are bilingual experience a different sense of self depending on which language they are using. This most clearly illustrates the implications of A) Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis. B) Wernicke's speech comprehension theory. C) Broca's speech production theory. D) Chomsky's language acquisition theory.

50. It has been suggested that Alaskan Eskimos' rich vocabulary for describing snow enables them to perceive differences in snow conditions that would otherwise go unnoticed. This suggestion most clearly illustrates A) universal grammar. B) a critical period. C) linguistic determinism. D) telegraphic speech.

51. Six-month-old Ohmar recognizes the difference between squares and circles just as accurately as his 3-year-old brother, who can correctly name the different shapes. This fact would most directly challenge A) Chomsky's language acquisition theory. B) the Gardners' sign language theory. C) Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis. D) Lambert's bilingual advantage hypothesis.

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52. The isolated Piraha tribespeople of Brazil have no words for specific numbers higher than 2. If shown 7 nuts in a row they find it difficult to lay out the same number from their own pile of nuts. This best illustrates the impact of A) language on thinking. B) syntax on grammar. C) receptive language on productive language. D) process simulation on outcome simulation.

53. Bilingual people, who inhibit one language while using the other, can better inhibit their attention to irrelevant information. This has been called A) linguistic determinism. B) implicit memory. C) the bilingual advantage. D) universal grammar.

54. Contemporary psychologists are most likely to criticize Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis for A) overestimating the impact of thinking on language. B) overestimating the extent to which thinking occurs without language. C) underestimating the impact of language on thinking. D) underestimating the extent to which thinking occurs without language.

55. People's procedural memory of how to open the front door of their house is most likely to consist of A) a neural network. B) a mental image. C) telegraphic speech. D) universal grammar.

56. Introductory psychology students facing a midterm exam one week later spent five minutes each day visualizing themselves scanning the posted grade list, seeing their A grade, and feeling proud. This ________ simulation had ________ effect on their exam scores. A) process; little B) outcome; little C) process; a large D) outcome; a large

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57. Introductory psychology students performed best on a midterm psychology test if they had previously spent five minutes a day visualizing themselves A) studying effectively. B) physically relaxing. C) receiving a high midterm test grade. D) feeling proud about receiving a high midterm test grade.

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Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

C D C D A B D C D B B D C B C C A D C D D D C B A D B A C D A D D D B B C C C C C C Page 13

43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57.

C C B B A D A C C A C D B B A

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