Psych 2370 Quiz #1 Masculinity Articles PDF

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Psychology of Women and Gender 2370 PSY Kathryn Sperry
Masculinity Articles Quiz Practice
Gender Role Strain
Identity Paradigms...

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Describe Gender Role Strain Paradigm The Gender Role Strain Paradigm was introduced as an alternative to the gender role identity paradigm. The idea of the gender role strain paradigm is that modern gender roles aren’t consistent, they are contradictory and the statistic of people not following them is high. The GRSP also addresses that not following gender roles leads to negative effects - those that are more severe for men than women.

Describe the three types of Male Gender Role Strain discussed in the article (provide examples) The Discrepancy Strain - this is thought to occur when a man doesn’t live up to his own ideal gender norm or gender role. An example would be a man thinking he is not muscular enough because of the masculine gender expectation for men to be strong and muscular. The Dysfunction strain - this occurs when a man"succeeds"in conforming"to"the"masculine"gender"norm"role, but this can be harmful. Most masculine gender roles are dominant and aggressive, when completely embodied these behaviors are unhealthy and problematic. An example would be a man being aggressive and too assertive and causing harm to those around him because of this. But in theory, he is meeting the gender expectation by his behavior. Then the trauma strain - it is the result of the traumatic and distressing process of the socialization of male gender roles.

Contrast this with the Male Sex Role Identity Paradigm This paradigm demonstrates that since the 1930’s, society has formed a set of ideas about sex roles and shaped the view of the male role in our culture. It represents the way in which we developed psychology behind masculinity.

Which of these models is the more current model, and which one is outdated

? The Gender Role Strain Paradigm is the more current model, the male sex role identity paradigm is outdated and not used as much in research anymore.

What are some of the assumptions of each of these models of masculinity? (you might have these above in your overall description of the models) With the male sex role identity paradigm, people were assumed to have an inner psychological need to have a gender role identity. The idea of an optimal personality makes an impact on its formation. With the gender role strain paradigm, it is assumed that certain male gender role traits were often dysfunctional.

The Achievement of Masculinity Through Energy Drink Consumption

Describe Self-Completion Theory. The self-completion theory is when someone is committed to a goal that can define them, such as an attribute like intelligence, or a role like a doctor, they will look for symbols (socially) of completeness that they have achieved that goal.!

Experiment 1 Describe the various conditions that the participants were put into. In other

words, what was the independent variable? The participants were asked to complete a descrambling task. One condition was masculineprime and the other was neutral-prime. At the end of the experiment, the participants were given a choice between Red Bull or Perrier as a reward. The independent variable would be the manipulation of the participants masculinity and how strong it was because of the conditions.!

What were the outcome measures? The outcome measure would be the consumption of energy drink!

Describe the results of the study. Be sure to frame these in terms of the impact of the conditions on the measures. The findings of the experiment resulted that the participants that were apart of the masculineexposed concept group showed greater desire for the energy drink instead of the Perrier. In other words, because one group of participants were given masculine-related words and phrases, they geared toward wanting the red bull energy drink at the end of the study as a reward.!

Experiment 2  How did the procedure in Experiment 2 differ from Experiment 1? In this experiment, the participants’ sense of masculinity was threatened. In the experiment, they were lead to believe that they scored high or low in masculinity based on a made-up test. This test was different from the first one because the participants were made aware that they were testing their masculinity, and they were also challenging their masculinity as a part of the experiment. !

What was the independent variable (what did they change between the two conditions)? In one group, they were told they scored high on the “masculinity” scale, and in another one they said they scored low. Both groups were presented with the two kinds of energy drinks.!

What were they measuring (what was the D.V.)? They were measuring how much energy drink the group that had their masculinity threatened/ challenged would consume. They were also measuring how the threatened-masculinity group would rate themselves. And since their masculinity was challenged, the idea was that they would probably drink more of the energy drinks.!

Describe the results of the study. Most of the participants remembered their fake feedback about their masculinity, The group that had their masculinity threatened rated themselves less-masculine than the control condition. The group that had their masculinity affirmed rated themselves higher, more masculine. Also, they didn’t differ in the amount or frequency of energy drink they consumed.!

How do the results of these studies relate to the SelfCompletion Theory (SCT)? This theory is described on the first page of the article. How do these results support this theory? In the first experiment, the participants were exposed to masculine-oriented phrases and words which made them feel more masculine, which prompted them to drink a Red Bull rather than a Perrier. Red Bull is more “hardcore” than mineral water, therefore making them feel more masculine. The second experiment, the participants were being told they were scoring high or low on a fake, metaphorical scale of masculinity, which caused them to score themselves the same way according to what they were told they scored. These support the theory because in one example, the participants believed they were more masculine because they were told they were, and the other way around with the participants that were told they were less masculine. And the first experiment they were shown the masculine words/phrases, making them feel more masculine and wanting to take the energy drink over the Perrier.!...