Psych Brain Function and Hormones Study Guide PDF

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This is a study guide I made myself. It is based on textbook material, but it is completely my own work....

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Psych Ch 2 Study Guide List: Parts of the Brain 1) Forebrain a. _____________ b. _____________ 2) Midbrain 3) ______________ a. Pons b. Medulla c. __________________ Matching: Cerebrum and the Four Lobes A) B) C) D) E) F)

Cerebrum Corpus collosum Cerebral cortex Basal ganglia Gyri Sulci

1) deep groves between the folds 2) folds of the brain 3) consists of right and left hemispheres, largest part of brain 4) controls subconscious parts of voluntary movement 5) surface of cerebrum, consists of gray matter 6) band of nerve fibers that connects hemispheres to each other

A) B) C) D) E)

Frontal lobes Prefrontal cortex Parietal lobes Temporal lobes Occipital lobes

1) voluntary body movement and emotional experience 2) visual reception and interpretation 3) regulation of emotions to new situations 4) somatosensory input (touch, taste, pain, pressure, temp, etc) 5) auditory functions, smell, language interpretation

Matching: Diencephalon, Hindbrain, and Limbic System A) B) C) D)

Diencephalon Thalamus Hypothalamus Limbic System

A) Midbrain B) Pons C) Medulla D) Cerebellum

1) integrates sensory input on way to cortex; creates whole picture 2) “emotional brain” 3) connects cerebrum with lower structures of brain 4) regulates pituitary, ANS, and appetite, temp, BP, thirst, sleep 1) relay station, contains CN 5-8, respiration centers 2) integration of reflexes (visual, auditory, righting) 3) regulates HR, BP, respiration, reflex centers, CN 9-12 4) involuntary movement like coordination and muscle tone

Fill-in-the-blank: Nervous Tissue Neurons are nerve cells that generate and transmit electrochemical impulses. The _____________ of the neuron contains the nucleus. Next, the ___________ are processes that transmit impulses toward the cell body while the ______ transmits impulses away from the cell body. Some neurons are covered in _________ which is a sheath that insulates the neuron and

increases the velocity of the impulse. __________ are the junctions between two neurons. ______________ are chemicals that are stored in the axon terminals of the presynaptic neurons in vesicles. __________________ neurotransmitters generate an excitatory response, and the electrical impulses moves to the next synapse. ______________________ neurotransmitters generate an inhibitory response at the receptor site, and the transmission is terminated. Neurons are divided into 3 categories. _______________ neurons carry impulses from periphery receptors to the CNS. ___________________ neurons carry impulses from the CNS to the effectors in the periphery such as glands and muscles. ________________ exist in the CNS only. True or False: ANS 1) The sympathetic nervous system is dominant when the body is stressed or in fight or flight mode. 2) The parasympathetic nervous system is dominant when the body is relaxed and resting. 3) The sympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate and respirations. 4) The parasympathetic nervous system increases elimination and GI movement. 5) These two systems are modulated by the thalamus. 6) The ANS is under voluntary control. Organization: Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitter

Classification

Acetylcholine

Cholinergic

Norepinephrine

Effect

Mental Illness Parkinsons, Huntingtons, Alzheimers

Mood regulation Cognition Attention/Perception Vigilance Memory Cardiovascular function Sleep-wake cycles

Depression Mania Anxiety states Schizophrenia

Movement/coordinatio

Dopamine

Monoamines

Sleep-wake cycles sexual behavior appetite mood/anxiety aggression pain perception

Serotonin

Monoamines

GABA

n Emotions Reward signals Learning/memory Decision-making Inhibits prolactin

neuroendocrine sleep-wake cycles psychomotor mood learning/cognition appetite/eating behavior

Inhibitory amino acid

Glycine

Excitatory amino acids

Opioid Peptides

Neuropeptides

Neuropeptides

Epilepsy, stroke, anxiety, depression, psychosis, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation

anxiety, movement disorders, epilepsy, substance abuse inhibition of motor neurons regulation of spinal and brainstem reflexes

Glutamate and Aspartate

Anxiety states, depression, schizophrenia

spastic disorders, toxic accumulation in the brain and CSF

Relay sensory information regulation of motor and spinal reflexes

addiction and some symptoms of schizophrenia sensory transmission, regulation of pain

depression, PTSD

Somatostatin

Neuropeptides

stimulates dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine inhibits norepinephrine, histamine, glutamate

Multiple Choice: The Pituitary and Hormones 1) Which of the following hormones is NOT an anterior pituitary hormone? a. ADH (antidiuretic hormone) b. Growth hormone c. Thyroid stimulating hormone d. Prolactin 2) Which of the following is an effect of oxytocin? a. Conserves body water b. Maintains blood pressure c. Stimulates uterine contractions and release of milk d. Responsible for growth in children 3) Which of the following is an effect of ADH? a. Stimulates uterine contractions and release of milk b. Responsible for growth in children c. Stimulates cortisol secretion d. Conserves body water and maintains blood pressure 4) Where are hormones from the hypothalamus stored? a. Anterior pituitary b. Posterior pituitary c. Thalamus d. Hypothalamus 5) Which organ do gonadotropic hormones target? a. Adrenal glands b. Ovaries and testes c. Thyroid d. Pineal gland 6) Which organ does melanocyte stimulating hormone target? a. Pineal gland b. Thyroid gland

c. Adrenal cortex d. Skin 7) What is the correct effect of FSH in men? In women? Select all that apply. a. Women: initiates maturation of ovarian follicles into ova b. Women: stimulate secretion of estrogen c. Women: triggers ovulation d. Men: initiates sperm production in the testes e. Men: increases testosterone production 8) What is the correct effect of LH in men? In women? Select all that apply. a. Women: triggers ovulation b. Women: stimulates secretion of estrogen c. Women: secretion of progesterone d. Men: initiates sperm production in the testes e. Men: initiates testosterone production Multiple Choice: Genetics, Immune System, and Mental Health 1) Which of the following is a genotype? a. Eye color b. Hair color c. Genes d. Blood type 2) Which of the following terms about twin studies is FALSE? a. Monozygotic twins = genetically identical b. Dizygotic twins = genetically identical c. Concordant = when both twins have the same disorder d. Adoption studies = allow for comparison between nature and nurture 3) What is the term for the study of the relationship between the immune system, nervous system, and psychological processes? a. Psychopharmacology b. Neuroendocrinology c. Neurophysiology d. Psychoneuroimmunology 4) What is NOT true about cytokines? a. They regulate immune and inflammatory responses b. Cytokines always remain active and can cross the blood brain barrier c. Cytokines are active in mood disorders d. Individuals become more susceptible to illness following stress...