Psych Extra Credit - Terms and Definitions PDF

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Terms and Definitions...

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PSY Extra Credit Extra Credit

Adaptation- Definition: The change to function and to become more efficient. My Sentence: Once the child had begun preschool this became an adaptation from being at home every day with her father. Affective Sharing- Definition: The toddler's sharing of positive emotions with the caregiver. My Sentence: When the father was in a joyful mood affective sharing was shown when his daughter also shared a smile with the father. Assimilation- Definition: The change to function to become more efficient and applying existing capacity. My Sentence: Assimilation was apparent when the child referred to the zebra as a horse. Attachment in the making- Definition: Between the ages of 6 wk to 6-8 mo, respond differently to familiar vs non-familiar. My Sentence: When dropped off at the sitter's house for the first time the child was upset but once she started going over more regularly, she had attachment in the making and cried less often. Cephalocaudal trend- Definition: Prenatal growth from conception to 5 months when the head grows more than the body. My Sentence: An infant gains control of their head first, then neck muscles, then shoulders, then stomach, then legs. Circular Reactions- Definition: Behavior producing interesting events first by chance that’s repeated. My Sentence: The infant began to shake the rattle which lead to circular reactions because she enjoyed the sound of the rattle. Clear Cut Attachment- Definition: At the ages, 6-8 mo. to 18-24 mo., the child knows a caregiver exists when cannot see.

My Sentence: Once the mother left to the other room and closed the door, her son still stood at the closed door crying and waiting for her because of his clear-cut attachment. Emotional Development- Definition: Progress made in emotional expression from reactive pain and pleasure to complex social awareness. My Sentence: It was clear the child had emotional development when he saw his mother crying and he brought her his favorite toy to make her feel better. Fine Motor Skill- Definition: Fine motor skills are based more on smaller body movements like within the hands and fingers. My Sentence: Katies parents realized she had gained use of her fine motor skills when she began eating on her own. Gross Motor Skill- Definition: Gross motor skills mean to be a large body movement in a controlled to move around environment. My Sentence: Due to a child's gross motor skills they can roll onto their stomachs from being on their backs. Overregularization- Definition: Children extend regular grammatical patterns. My Sentence: When the child brushes her teeth, she refers to her teeth as tooths. Proximodistal trend- Definition: The tendency for more general functions of limbs to develop more specific or fine motor skills. My Sentence: Chloe can use her arms (gross motor skills) to begin to reach for a toy before she can properly use their fingers (fine motor skills) to pick up the toy. Social referencing- Definition: The use of cues from others to interpret situations and guide behavior. My Sentence: When the child saw the toy in reach, he looked at his mother's reaction to see if she was pleased or not to see if he should continue to play with it. Zone of Proximal Developoment- Definition: Range of tasks child cannot handle alone but can do with a more skilled partner.

My Sentence: Zack was in the zone of proximal development when he first started playing soccer. He was doing everything correctly, yet he needed just a little bit of help from his coach to gain accuracy with his with playing shooting skills....