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Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century Quarter 2 – Module 3 - 7 Democratic Intervention

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Module 3 Democratic Intervention What I Need to Know

This module demonstrates an understanding of the meaning and dimensions of democracy. The democratic practices that people preferred will be identified and the importance of participation in democracy will be explained thoroughly. Among the models of democracy, participatory and representative will be differentiated. Democratic interventions will be assessed and formulate a viable alternative to undemocratic practices. How does democracy work? This overreaching question might be lingering in your mind and wonder how people and government exercise democracy. Through this module the current state of democracy in the Philippines will be analyzed. As well as examining the possible effects of democratic and undemocratic practices related to factors such as gender biases, poverty, political marginalization, racial inequality, cultural domination, crisis of representation and politics of recognition. This module will help you looks into the nature of democracy, democratic practices and interventions. This module has five (5) lessons: Lesson 1- Democratic Practices Lesson 2- The Importance of Participation in Democracy Lesson 3- Participatory Versus Representative Democracy Lesson 4- Democratic Interventions Prevailing in Political and Social Institution Lesson 5- Viable Alternatives to Undemocratic practices

Learning Objectives After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Identify preferred democratic practices. 2. Explain the importance of participation in democracy. (HUMSS_MC T12-IId-f-1) 3. Differentiate participatory from representative democracy.

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4. Assess democratic interventions prevailing in political and social institutions. 5. Formulate a viable alternative to undemocratic practices.

General Instructions To achieve the competencies of this module, complete the following: 1. Understand and follow the instructions carefully. 2. Accomplish the pre-test to identify your preparedness about the lessons in this module. 3. Refer your answers to the given answer key. 4. Read each lesson and do activities provided for you. 5. Demonstrate the activities to guide you in comprehending the lessons. 6. Take the self-test after each lesson to assess your understanding of the topics. 7. Answer the post-test to measure how much you have gained from the topics.

What I know MULTIPLE CHOICE: Directions: Read and understand each item and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. The activity of choosing someone or something in an election. A. Franchise C. Selection B. Suffrage D. Voting 2. It defines ’minority’ as ’a group of people who share some characteristic by birth that makes their group smaller than some other groups in a society and may cause others to treat them unfairly.’ A. Special protection program C. Equality B. Human Rights D. Special protection for minorities in the society 3. The right to vote in political elections. A. Suffrage C. Disagreement B. Attestation D. Ballot

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4. A class of rights that protect individuals’ freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals. A. Civil and political rights C. Fundamental rights B. Solidarity rights D. Human rights 5. Is a form of government in which the people have the authority to choose their governing legislation. A. Revolutionary C. Monarchy B. Democracy D. Federalism 6. Prejudice against people of a particular gender. A. Equity C. Gender Bias B. Stereotype D. Gender Identity 7. It generally refer to traditional political families or the practices by these political families of monopolizing political power and public offices. A. Political Dynasty C. Political Misconduct B. Political Marginalization D. Political Families 8. A model of democracy that allow people decide on policy initiatives directly. A. Representative C. Direct B. Free Press D. Civil Society 9. A model of democracy founded on the principle of elected officials representing a group of people, as opposed to direct democracy. A. Participatory B. Representative

C. Revolutionary D. Federal

10. The state of being extremely poor. A. Poverty C. Famish B. Hunger D. Deprivation TRUE OR FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. _________ 11. In a democracy, people collectively exercise equal rights to participate in decision-making processes. _________12. In a participatory model of democracy, only a few members have the opportunity to raise an issue, provide possible solutions to the problem, and take part in the crafting of the final decision. ________ 13. Representative democracy is founded on the principle of elected officials. ________14. Participatory democracy is also known as direct democracy.

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________15. In participatory democracy citizen need somebody to represent them instead of voting directly on the issues. ________16. In representative democracy elected officials will make decisions for the people and propose laws. ________17.The advantage of representative democracy is people can choose experts to make and carry out decisions for them. ________18. In a democracy, the civil and political rights of a citizen can be taken away from him or her due to his or her race, morals, or way of life. ________19. Freedom of movement, assembly, association, expression, and information are examples of civil and political rights. ________20. Real concept of democracy is not merely based on statistics or statistical democracy.

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Democratic Practices ________________________________ Learning Concept Don€t you know that the term democracy originates from a Greek words demos (people) and kratos (rule) which means ruled by the people. The people under democracy exercise a genuine control over the government and have equal rights to participate in the decision-making processes. It protects individual liberties such as the right to free speech, privacy and even the right to remain silent in a police interrogation. And since democracy is a type of government in which people are vested with supreme power then we all can enjoy a fair and free elections and seek to control who will hold a position. Thus, the assurance of political equality in which citizens preferences and interests are equally considered and safeguarded by the state There are several democratic practices that people preferred such as civil rights or our freedom of speech, religion, right to vote, and public education. Another democratic practice preferred by people is a respectable and bias-free mass media and equality before the law. Before we discuss the identified democratic practices preferred by people let us first answer the following activity.

What’s New Learning Activity: My Democracy Concept Mapping Complete the concept map below. What is Democracy? Definition of Democracy

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Characteristic

Concept

Example

1.

Civil Rights Have you ever asked yourself what could you possible enjoy as a Filipino citizen? Well, we have the freedom of speech but never go anything lewd or obscene as well as not to provokes violence or disorder. That freedom limits us to create seditious messages and present danger to anyone. Another civil right we obviously enjoy is the freedom of religion wherein our preference for a religion cannot be endorsed by the state or anyone else. We can freely choose a religion we wanted to embrace and practice. An individual€s privilege and duty to vote should not be taken for granted since the choice of majority will rule our country. Thus, the caption “vote wisely” should be practiced seriously. Lastly, we are privileged to access a quality and public education at all levels. 2. Respectable and Bias-free Mass Media For sure we all have our favorite channel to watch for news and current events but how reliable are they? Do they fairly represent all groups? This might be a relevant question to consider as when a station becomes bias with their reporting people will loss their trust like what happened last presidential election where advertisement of a presidential candidate was refused by a certain network to show or broadcast because they favor other candidates. Media can influence our thoughts, manners, and even the way we live in the society because they are some people who believes in any information without assuring if it a fact or merely a speculation. Thus, a respectable and bias-free mass media is a thing Filipino should enjoy since it is part of their civil right. 3. Equality before the law All persons are equal in the eye of the law regardless of status, wealth or power just like how the statue of Lady Justice wearing blindfold. Aside from the blindfold the statue also carries a balance scale which means that it is going to weigh the evidence presented to the court and it should look and compare each side as justice is done. And the sword which is unsheathed is a symbol that justice is transparent and not an implement of fear.

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Credit: http://www.statue.com/Products/Blind-Justice-Lady-Justice-Themis/

A right to a fair trial is a visible practice in the Philippines thus the court presumed innocent until the contrary is proved beyond reasonable doubt or proven guilty.

Learning Activity: Democratic Practices in the Philippines The learners should be able to identify some preferred practices in the Philippines. Topic: What are examples of democratic practices in the Philippines?

Examples of democratic practices in the Philippines

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Learning Activity: Name the Lady of Justice symbol Identify the symbols asked in each item. Choose an answer below. SWORD

BLINDFOLD

BALANCE SCALES

______________ A symbol which represent the obligation of the law to weigh the evidence presented to the court. ______________ A symbol that represent the enforcement of justice and protection of the law or defense. ______________ A symbol that represents the objectivity of the law that it doesn€t let outside factors, such as politics, wealth or fame, influence its decisions.

What’s More Exit ticket: After gaining knowledge about democracy and identifies the practices preferred by citizen lets test your comprehension and reasoning on the present pandemic by answering the question that follows. What is the relationship between Covid – 19 and the level of democracy? Will the related deaths decrease as the level of democracy increases? Why ______________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________.

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LESSON

2

The Essence of Participation in Democracy

___________________________________________________________________

Learning Concept Now that you have gained background about Democracy that it is a people „vote, individual rights are protected, laws to protect and majority rule. It€s time for you to discover about the importance of participation in democracy. They say that citizens make the future of the country, but how can citizen do something useful or contribute to the development of the country? Participation plays a vital role in order to achieve success for example participation in poverty reduction and participations from a human rights perspective. We are driven to live in better conditions so it is our individual duty to do everything to achieve it. By actively participating in democracy private individual will be provided with opportunity to influence public decisions and be a part of democratic decision-making process. “While democracy is the process whereby the people collectively decide on the priorities and policies of public life, human rights are the individual guarantees that the state is set to uphold and respect– and that make participation in democratic governance meaningful.” https://www.sida.se/contentassets/ab660766bcdd4129ac018be2fe19d8b6/participation-indemocratic-governance_746.pdf

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ACTIVITY Participatory Democracy in Practice Observation and Reflection Writing In your entire being you have experience to vote in various elections like election on a classroom and election on student government officers. Have you observed how participatory democracy is practiced during elections? Describe and discuss the importance and impact of participation in this election. ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ _________________________________.

MODULE 4 LESSON

3

Participatory Versus Representative Democracy

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Learning Concept We already gain knowledge about the importance of participation democracy so now we will deepen your understanding by differentiating participatory and representative democracy. Participatory government is also known as direct democracy where all people vote on all decisions. They don€t need somebody to represent them but rather vote on issues directly. The only advantage of participatory democracy is that people have all the power. The disadvantages are uninformed people vote on issues and it will only work in small groups. In representative democracy, people vote an elected official like congressman to vote on issues for them. This elect official will make decisions for the people and propose laws.

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The only advantage of this representative democracy is people can choose experts to make and carry out decisions for them. The disadvantage is that we can never guarantee that the official we elected or leader will represent people€s interest.

Learning Activity: Representative or Participatory? The learner will identify the following illustration as representative or participatory democracy.

People

People

Representative

Laws

Laws

- ___________________

- ____________________

LESSON

4

Democratic Interventions Prevailing in political and Social Institutions

___________________________________________________________________

Learning Concept When applying for a government vacant position, the responsible agency will announce the vacancy to the public and accept qualified applicants and evaluate them all fairly with no personal interest of a favored applicant to place in the position. This is an example of democratic social interventions. The same persons or families were being tapped as vacancies arose should no longer be practiced to achieve democracy in the social institution.

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Political dynasty is rampant in the Philippines it happens when an elected government official is succeeded by a member of his household up to the first degree of consanguinity or affinity and when several members of the family occupies various positions in the government. This make it unfair to a new aspiring politician or talents to penetrate and in effect it will decrease the level of political participation among the populace. As citizens, to practice democracy we should give fair chance to all political candidates and not be persuade patronizing political dynasty.

What’s New Learning Activity: Photo Analysis Looking at the photo below, what can you say about political dynasty and how will it affects our democracy?

https://politicalissuexe1.wordpress.com/2014/04/07/political-dynasty/ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________.

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LESSON

5

Viable Alternative to Undemocratic Practices

________________________________________________________________

Learning Concept Undemocratic practices are very evident in everywhere just like gender biases, poverty, political marginalization, racial inequality, cultural domination, crisis of representation and politics of recognition. The biggest challenge is how to stop it and make it right by formulating a viable alternative. Gender bias occur when there is unequal treatment on men and women because of their gender. In order to eliminate gender biases, we should prohibit gender discrimination, learn awareness and acceptance. Poverty is the state of being extremely poor. Some families remain poor due to lack of opportunities, education and skills. To achieve social equity the Philippine government, launch a special program like the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program to eradicate poverty. Part of the condition of the program is to provide family development sessions to the grantees and this is very helpful since front liners of the program are educating parents at home. Political Marginalization is an effect of political exclusions that prevents or limits the enjoyment of certain rights. Just like how women are less likely to win a position in an election due to prejudice. So, we should give fair chance to everyone regardless of gender. Racial Inequality is defined as disparity in opportunity and treatment that occurs as a result of someone€s race. An example of racial inequality is Asian students are more likely to receive a scholarship from an Asian non-profit organization than a non-Asian student. Cultural domination is defined as cultural practice that is dominant within a particular political, social or economic entity, in which multiple cultures are present. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominant_culture)

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What’s New Learning Activity: Photo Analysis Looking at the photo below, how will you apply the democratic principle in resolving gender inequality.

https://gem-report-2017.unesco.org/en/chapter/gender_accountability_through_school/

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Module 5 Information Communication Technology (ICT) What I Need to Know Information and communication technology (ICT) is considered as an important part of the development of the modern world. It started with the invention of first modern postal system, to the invention of the telephone, and of course the first computers. The Age of Industrial Revolution which begun in the 18th century has produced numerous inventions and advances that made agricultural societies became more industrialized and urban. ICT saw gigantic progress during this period like the invention of better printing methods, the telegraph cables, and later on the telephone. But the novelty of ICT during the Age of Industrial Revolution was the actual invention of technology that made countries and continents connected that have never been possible before. To date, ICT shape access to people. The existence of computers, mobile phones and the internet are not only ground-breaking actual inventions but an exceptional accessibility to a lot of people. It is even produced cheaper to be accessible to average worker so it means anyone who needs it can simply have it nowadays. Various services and applications are also associated with ICT just like the in-demand video conferencing of business meetings and distance learning like online classes. This module discusses the different dimensions of ICT, which takes into cons...