Quiz 3 Notes PDF

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Test 3 Notes 

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Endochondral Ossification: begins with hyaline cartilage, forms femur -Primary Ossification: diaphysis -Secondary Ossification: epiphysis Clavicle and up: those bones are dermal/intramembranous ossification Interstitial increases length, appositional increases diameter Calcitrol requires several steps. It begins in the skin, ends in the kidney, and raises blood calcium by absorbing dietary calcium Calcitonin targets osteoclasts, is released during a hypercalcemia state, released from the parafollicular cells of the Thyroid gland, and target kidney to promote Ca excretion Osteoporosis: loss of bone in matrix, postmenopausal women, weight bearing exercise helps offset occurrence Suture: synarthroses, fibrous Knee joint: hinge, monoaxial T Tubules surround each myofibril to help carry the action potential throughout the muscle, while SR helps store calcium, needed for muscle contraction Outside to in: epimysium, perimysium, endomysium Sarcomeres- thin filaments of actin, thick filaments of myosin, and no filaments called the H Band Nerve Signals open Ca+ channels, Ach vesicles are released from synaptic knob Ach binds to receptors in the sarcolemma, Na+ Ligand channels are opened (leading to rapid depolarization) Contraction phase: calcium binds to troponin/tropomyosin, which causes a change and exposes the active site so myosin can attach to actin Fused Tetanus: abnormal muscle contraction that is the result of continuous muscle and intense contraction Three phases of Twitch -Latent Period -Contraction -Relaxation The tension remains same but length changes: isotonic -Concentric Slow Twitch: slow contraction, don’t fatigue easily Fast twitch: fast contraction, fatigue easily Na+ rushes in- depolarization, K+ exits- repolarization Ionotropic-quick receptor Metabotropic- slower and involve a G protein...