Quiz 4 Study Questions PDF

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Quiz 4 Study Questions: Health Promotion & Risk Reduction 

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What are key concepts (with definitions) of the Health Belief Model? o Perceived susceptibility – belief of chance of getting the condition o Perceived severity – belief regarding how serious condition is o Perceived benefits – belief in the ability of an advised action to reduce health risk o Perceived barriers - belief regarding the tangible and psychological costs of advised action o Cues to action – strategies or conditions in one’s environment that activate readiness to take action o Self-efficacy – one’s confidence in one’s ability to take action to reduce health risks. How does Pender’s Health Promotion Model compare to the Health Belief Model? o HPM: Looks at individual characteristics and health behaviors o HBM: Explains behavior change, maintenance behavior change, and guide health promotion interventions What are the stages of change according to the Transtheoretical Model? o Precontemplation  No intention to change in next 6 month o Contemplation  Some intention to change in the next 6 months o Preparation  Intends to take action in the next month  Has an action plan o Action  Changed behavior for less than 6 months  Changed behavior to reduce risk of disease o Maintenance  Changed behavior for more than 6 months  Strives to prevent relapse  Lasts months to years What are examples of each determinant of health (biology, behaviors, social environment, physical environment, policies & interventions, access to quality health care)? o Biology: aging, diet, physical activity, smoking o Behaviors: alcohol abuse, smoking o Social Environment: law enforcement, faith communities, schools o Physical Environment: senses – smell, touch, sound, taste o Policies and interventions: policies against smoking in public places, seat belts, child restraint laws o Access to quality health care: decrease health disparities and to improve the quality of life and the quantity of years of healthy life. What is the relationship between risk factors and the leading causes of death?

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Risk factors are the exposure that is associated with a disease. Exposure can lead to the disease causing death.

Community Health Teaching 

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What are the characteristics of adult learners? o Need to know, concept of self, experience, readiness to learn, orientation to learning, motivation. What is community empowerment? o Central tenet of community organization, whereby community members take on greater power to create change. What is the nurse’s role in health education? o Activate ideas, offer appropriate interventions, identify resources, and facilitate group empowerment. What is at the core of health education? o Developing Trusting Relationships is at the core of Health Education What are the goals of health education? o Translate health knowledge into interventions o Enhance wellness o Decrease disability o Sustain cognitive and behavioral changes by engaging learners to become partners in their own behaviors o Actualize the health potential of individuals, families, communities, and society o Influence individuals within their sociopolitical environment for improved health and well-being o Place value on contribution of community member’ strength What are learning theories used in health education? o Humanistic theory helps individuals develop their potential in a self-directing and holistic manner. o Cognitive theory recognizes the brain’s ability to think, feel, learn, and solve problems; theorists in this area train the brain to maximize these functions. o Social learning is based on behavior that explains and enhances learning through the concepts of efficacy, outcome expectation, and incentives. o Behavioral theory: Use of reinforcement methods to change learners’ behaviors Cognitive theory: Use of sensory input and repetition to change learners’ patterns of thought, thereby changing behaviors o Critical theory: Use of ongoing discussion and inquiry to increase learners’ depth of knowledge, thereby changing thinking and behaviors o Developmental theory: Use of techniques specific to learners’ developmental stages to determine readiness to learn, and to impart knowledge What is self-efficacy as defined in relation to the Health Belief Model? o Self-efficacy: an individual can act successfully on a given behavior to produce the desired outcome What is included in the process of developing a community health education plan?

Identify population-specific needs Prioritize learning needs Select aspects of learning theories to use in the education program based on learning needs o Identify barriers to learning o Identify learning styles o Design the educational program What is health literacy? o “the capacity to obtain, interpret and understand basic health information and services and the competence to use such information and services to enhance health.” How does low literacy impact a patient health care experience? o Low literacy prevents many from gaining the full benefits of health care. What are nursing interventions related to health literacy? o Functional/basic literacy (reading and writing skills) o Communicative/interactive literacy o Critical literacy o Interventions:  Assess to determine reading level by asking questions r/t reading, level of education, and use a formal tool How is readability of resources assessed? (evaluate health materials, including websites, BEFORE disseminating them) o Assess readability of educational resources o SMOG readability formula o Flesch-Kincaid formula (on most computers) o Search “readability statistic” o o o

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