Quiz 502 2 PDF

Preview

Summary

Download Quiz 502 2 PDF

Description

Quiz: Early Childhood to Adolescence Score for this attempt: 94 out of 100 Submitted Nov 24, 2021 at 12:05am This attempt took 87 minutes.

Question 1 2 / 2 pts Males are less likely to survive than females, both before and after birth. One important reason is that Males have more dominant, defective alleles than females.

Males are more vulnerable to disorders caused by X-linked recessive alleles than females. Males have two Y chromosomes.

Most societies value males less than females and provide males with less protection.

Question 2 2 / 2 pts Brain developments in the adolescent period include which of the following? Continued myelination .

Rapid synaptogenesis in late adolescence.

Rapid pruning in early adolescence. Continue lateralization.

Question 3 2 / 2 pts

Research indicates that sex role development usually proceeds normally in single parent families as well as in the more traditional dual parent families. These findings are not consistent with predictions from what type of theory about how sex differences develop? Cognitive theories.

Psychoanalytic (Freudian) theories.

Social learning theories.

Biological theories.

Question 4 2 / 2 pts Beliefs about sex differences sometimes are supported by research and sometimes are not. Which of the following gender stereotypes is not supported by research? Males tend to be more physically aggressive than females. Sex differences are usually small, with lots of overlap between the sexes.

Males tend to exhibit more dominance seeking than females.

Females tend to be more sociable and prosocial than males.

Question 5 2 / 2 pts Which of the following parenting styles is most closely associated with positive outcomes in psychosocial development and school achievement for adolescents? Authoritative

Authoritarian

Permissive or indulgent Neglecting or dismissive

Question 6 2 / 2 pts When data are analyzed together from a large number of different studies on the same question, like “are there sex differences in nurturing tendencies,” the report is called a Collaborative discourse.

Social dosage effect.

Meta-analysis.

Sociometric analysis.

Question 7 2 / 2 pts Which of the following is true with regard to the way coping styles relate to depression? Distraction serves to block out positive feelings, making the person feel more depressed.

Rumination increases the intensity of thoughts about positive experiences and helps to reduce feelings of depression.

Distraction shortens episodes of depression by shortening the time spent focusing on negative events and thus lessening their intensity.

Self-focusing activates memories of events, allowing the person to resolve problems and feel less depressed.

Question 8 2 / 2 pts Studies show that formal operational thinking is: easily grasped by all students by the time they enter high school.

easily grasped by average students by the time they enter college.

demonstrated by all normal adults.

is more common among older adolescents and adults, particularly in domains where they have experience in thinking about abstract concepts.

Question 9 2 / 2 pts According to research, in middle childhood, academic competence, athletic competence physica appearence , peer acceptance and behavioral conduct are important to the development of self-esteem. Which one of these domains have been proven to be more important that the others? Academic self-concept. Social self-concept.

Athletic self-concept.

Physical appearance.

Question 10 2 / 2 pts Annette is a warm and affectionate mother to her sons, Jason and Keith. When she comes home from her job, she likes to spend time playing with them, preparing their favorite foods, and watching TV with them. She describes herself as a “soft touch” when it comes to her children. Lately she

has been hearing complaints about 6-year-old Jason’s behavior in school. Annette thinks the teacher is being too hard on her son. She does not want anything to affect the good relationship she has with her children. Which style best describes Annette’s parenting? Authoritarian.

Authoritative.

Permissive.

Neglecting-uninvolved.

Question 11 2 / 2 pts The maturing of the corpus callosum by middle childhood is especially important for Planning.

Logical thinking. Motor coordination.

Perspective taking

Question 12 2 / 2 pts Which of the following does not contribute to improvements in children’s ability to remember with increasing age? As children get older, they can process information more quickly.

An increasing knowledge base with age improves children’s ability to reconstruct to-be-remembered information.

Improvements in logical thinking with age improve children’s ability to reconstruct to-be-remembered information. As children get older they forget previously misunderstood information.

Question 13 2 / 2 pts Recent research on the self-system supports the idea that the self is ____________ in nature. multidimensional

bidimensional

unidimensional

non-dimensional

Question 14 2 / 2 pts What does Savin-Williams (2005) argue about the nature of sexual orientation? Sexual orientation is a fluid concept for up to 20% of teens.

Sexual orientation is determined in utero.

Sexual orientation is determined earlier for boys than for girls.

Homosexuality might be fostered if children have homosexual teachers.

Question 15

2 / 2 pts A cognitive change during middle childhood that is characterized by improved declarative, procedural, and conditional knowledge is know as Long-term memory.

Episodic memory. Nondeclarative knowledge.

Metacognitive skill.

Question 16 2 / 2 pts When considering identity status, which statement is TRUE? Diffusion is the first status, typical during early adolescence, when there is a lack of exploration and commitment.

Moratorium follows foreclosure, and is indicative of conferred identity.

Foreclosure is characterized by no commitments and no exploration. There is minimal evidence that demonstrates a relationship between identity achievement and psychological well-being.

Question 17 2 / 2 pts Self-esteem has been mistakenly touted as the “holy grail” of mental health, and this has meant that Many preventive and remedial efforts have focused directly on improving low self-esteem.

Many therapeutic approaches employ social cognitive strategies to improve social skills.

Many therapists have focused too much on the importance of their own selfesteem. Preventative efforts have never embraced a “skills first” approach.

Question 18 2 / 2 pts Pubertal processes begin when certain changes occur in the endocrine system. Which of the following explains the beginning of this process? Sexual development comes under the control of the thyroid.

The pituitary begins to stimulate other glands to release hormones into the bloodstream.

The adrenal gland influences the growth of secondary sex characteristics.

The hypothalamus controls the development of secondary sex characteristics.

Question 19 2 / 2 pts Memory is to some degree reconstructed. This accounts for the phenomenon of Production deficiencies.

Theory of mind.

Preoperational egocentrism.

False memories.

Question 20 2 / 2 pts For an adolescent engaging in risky behavior (e.g., alcohol use), one strategy that counselors can use is to introduce dissonance into the discussion. Before a counselor can do so effectively, she must provide factual lectures on the risks of alcohol use.

interview the teen about his or her own current beliefs and expectations.

establish a reward system for good behavior.

determine the extent of deviant behavior the adolescent has engaged in.

Question 21 2 / 2 pts Which of the following is a difference between working memory and longterm memory? Problem solving and making inferences is something we do in long-term memory, not in working memory. Working memory retains information even longer than long-term memory.

Working memory has a limited capacity whereas long-term memory has almost unlimited capacity.

Working memory and long-term memory are the same thing.

Question 22 2 / 2 pts One gender-related characteristic of peer evaluations is that Boys are more likely than girls to be rejected for behaving in genderinconsistent ways.

Girls are more likely than boys to be rejected for behaving in genderinconsistent ways. Whether or not children behave in gender-inconsistent ways seems to have no effect on peer evaluations.

Gender-inconsistent behavior leads to equally strong rejection for both boys and for girls

Question 23 2 / 2 pts Video response. Review the video on, page 323 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct. Statement 1: When considering selective association, gender is a key consideration across cultures, during middle childhood. Statement 2: During middle childhood, girls are more interested in high activity play and boys are more interested in cooperative play; this changes during adolescence. Statement 3: To help child develop appropriate peer relationships, girls and boys should be forced to mix and be introduced to activities that are suitable to both genders. Statement 1 is correct

Statement 2 is correct

Statement 1&2 are correct Statement 3 is correct

Question 24 2 / 2 pts Which of the following statements is FALSE with regard to the onset of menarche? Girls who have a higher proportion of body fat are likely to have earlier onset of menarche.

Girls who have better health care are likely to have earlier onset of menarche. Girls whose close relatives had early onset of menarche are more likely to experience similar timing of events.

Girls who are very athletic are likely to have earlier onset of menarche.

Question 25 2 / 2 pts Which of the following is a temperamental characteristic that is associated with prosocial behavior? Low social anxiety.

Agreeableness.

Intelligence. Hedonism.

Question 26 2 / 2 pts A person who perceives neutral events as containing aggressive or threatening meaning is said to possess a Social information processing tendency.

Hostile attributional bias.

Coercive family interaction style.

Hypervigilant attentional process

Question 27 2 / 2 pts Sabrina and Bethany are both members of the same crowd in high school, which means that They spend a great deal of time together.

They are best friends.

They share interests, attitudes, behaviors, and appearance characteristics.

They will not be able to make friends outside of their own crowd.

Question 28 2 / 2 pts Which of the following is a critical element that underlies the development of self-control? Self-esteem.

Authoritarian discipline. Emotion regulation.

Power assertion.

Question 29 2 / 2 pts What kind of peer intervention is least likely to be helpful to troubled teens? Peer mediation and peer counseling.

Role playing challenging situation with peers.

Encouraging school-wide programs that break down barriers between groups. Moving troubled teens to a new school so that they are separated from atrisk peers.

Question 30 2 / 2 pts Piaget’s description of the differences between preoperational thought (characteristic of preschool aged children) and concrete operational thought (characteristic of elementary school aged children), includes which of the following? Preoperational thought is reversible, but concrete operational thought is not.

Preoperational thought is fast, but concrete operational thought is slow.

Preoperational thought occurs in the frontal lobes, but concrete operational thought occurs in the corpus callosum. Preoperational thought is centered, but concrete operational thought is decentered.

Question 31 2 / 2 pts Stanley is 7 years old. His parents are quite concerned about his school progress. Although he has begun to learn to read, he reverses some letters when he writes. Based on research, Stanley’s school counselor should tell his parents that Brain development can be quite uneven in childhood and as a result, it is not unusual for children to show poor performance in isolated skills.

Stanley almost certainly has a serious learning disorder which requires immediate intervention.

If a child shows normal progress in other reading related skills, like Stanley does, the child is probably faking the letter reversals in a bid for attention

Stanley needs glasses.

Question 32 2 / 2 pts The ability to restrain or redirect a strong impulse in order to perform a lesspreferred response is called Emotional reactivity.

Positive regulation.

Conscience-oriented behavior.

Effortful control

Question 33 2 / 2 pts Which of the following is a well-documented gender difference in brain structure? Male brains are more lateralized than female brains.

Female brains are more lateralized than male brains.

Language functions are governed by the right hemisphere in male brains and by the left hemisphere in female brains.

Female brains are more myelinated than.

Question 34 2 / 2 pts

Which of the following most accurately reflects Erikson’s view of identity? Identity begins to develop in adolescence and must be fully resolved before the next stage of psychosocial development can begin. People must go through a traumatic crisis in order to have a solid identity.

Identity is most closely related to the outcome purpose.

Identity provides a foundation for making mature commitments to adult roles and belief systems.

Question 35 2 / 2 pts At what age would a young child typically show self-recognition, the ability to recognize themselves in a mirror? By 10 months

By 13 months By 18 months

By 3 years.

Question 36 2 / 2 pts One factor that promotes self-esteem among minority group members is A strong and positive racial or ethnic identity.

Being a member of a smaller, rather than a larger, social group.

Making social comparisons to members of other cultural groups.

Increased use of reflected appraisals in constructions of self.

Question 37 2 / 2 pts Which of the following best represents Mead’s contribution to our understanding of self-development? Children use information about the ways others react to them to help construct their sense of self.

Children internalize the orientations and values of their families and cultural groups in constructing their sense of self.

Children view themselves as good or bad depending upon their parents’ aspirations and pretentions.

Children develop an agentic self when parents are responsive to their needs.

Question 38 2 / 2 pts According to Crittendon’s model, infants encode early experiences of caregiving in the form of semantic memories.

procedural memories.

conditional memories.

metacognitive memories.

IncorrectQuestion 39 0 / 2 pts

Which of the following therapeutic approaches is designed to help children develop their perspective taking and friendship skills? Cognitive therapy. The self-monitoring approach.

Pair therapy.

Immersion therapy.

IncorrectQuestion 40 0 / 2 pts Video response. Review the video on, page 393 of your book; from the 3 statements select which one(s) are correct. Statement 1: The girl was exhibiting a normal element of adolescent development by desiring that her parents allow her to make more decisions on her own, and to trust her ability to make good decisions. Statement 2: The parents described in the video were permissive and allowed the girl lenience in her activities and freedom to make her own decisions. Statement 3: The girl in the video described her parents as good role models but admitted that she often disagreed with them. Statement 1 is correct*

Statement 1 & 3 are correct Statement 2 is correct

Statement 2& 3 are correct

Question 41 2 / 2 pts Which of the following elements is most closely associated with the concept of the imaginary audience? Selfishness.

Uniqueness.

Risk taking. extreme self-consciousness

Question 42 2 / 2 pts When Marla, age 14, decides that she is a good writer because she gets better grades than her friend Jenna on stories she writes for English, she is demonstrating the use of ____________ as part of identity formation. Attribute substitution with peers

Normative crisis management with peers

Emotional autonomy from peers

Social comparison with peers

IncorrectQuestion 43 0 / 2 pts Some research shows that cultural values and goals shape the kinds of discipline that parents use with their children. One example is that Puerto Rican mothers wanted their children to recognize their obligations and connectedness to others; their goals for their children were more ____________ than the goals of European American mothers individualistic

sociocentric

authoritative

contextual

Question 44 2 / 2 pts The unique state of instability and anxiety in adolescence, brought on by body changes, emerging sexual needs, hormonal shifts, cognitive changes, and changing maturity demands, is referred to as Frameworklessness.

Collective egocentrism.

Identity achievement.

Moratorium.

Question 45 2 / 2 pts Experimentation with deviant or risky behaviors (drug use, vandalism, sex, truancy, etc.) in adolescence is Not typical of this age group and can be considered a clear sign of mental health problems.

Typical of this age group and can be considered statistically normative.

Equally likely for boys and for girls today.

Clearly on the decline in today’s culture.

Question 46 2 / 2 pts Which of the following statements is FALSE with respect to the moral self:

Adults who lead exemplary lives tend to have clear beliefs about what is right and those beliefs are central to their identity.

Moral sense is the copacity to make judgements about what is right, versue what is wrong and preferring to act in ways that are considered right.

Moral development and religious experience are equivalent, in order to develop morally, own must have a religious affiliation.

Morality involes self control, which includes inhibiting one’s selfish or aggressive impulses.

Question 47 2 / 2 pts Which of the following describes a type of influence that parents can have on whether or not their adolescent becomes a member of a particular crowd? Parents have no influence on their children’s crowd membership.

Parents can affect their children’s initial characteristics, which then affect crowd selection. Parents can demand that children select a specific crowd.

Parents can use reverse psychology by acting as if undesirable peers are cool.

Question 48 2 / 2 pts High levels of parental monitoring and control are associated ...