Report lab - tensile test PDF

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FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGTeamwork Assessment FormName & IDBIl Name Matrix Number MUHAMMAD SYUKRI BIN MAZLAN 2019848406 MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN MOHAMMAD FAUZI 2019660666 MUHAMMAD AMAR BIN YATIM SELAMAT 2019452306 MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL AMIN BIN MOHD SABRI 2019643778 Scale 12345 Level Poor Accep...

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FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Teamwork Assessment Form Name & ID BIl 1. 2. 3. 4.

Name MUHAMMAD SYUKRI BIN MAZLAN MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN MOHAMMAD FAUZI MUHAMMAD AMAR BIN YATIM SELAMAT MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL AMIN BIN MOHD SABRI

Scale Level

1

2

Poor

3 Acceptable

Matrix Number 2019848406 2019660666 2019452306 2019643778

4

5 Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team members on the following criteria Earned Assessment Members Self 1 2 3 4 I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5 I did my assigned work well and always on time 5 5 5 5 5 I was fair to my teammates and myself 5 5 5 5 5 I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5 I was very committed and focused in my team 5 5 5 5 5 I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5 I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 5 5 5 5 5 I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 5 5 5 5 5 I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 5 5 5 5 5 Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 5 5 5 5 5 50 5 5 5 5 Total 0 0 0 0 Comment Self: MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL AMIN BIN MOHD SABRI Element

Member 1: MUHAMMAD SYUKRI BIN MAZLAN Member 2: MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN MOHAMMAD FAUZI Member 3: MUHAMMAD AMAR BIN YATIM SELAMAT

1

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Teamwork Assessment Form Name & ID BIl 1. 2. 3. 4.

Name MUHAMMAD SYUKRI BIN MAZLAN MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN MOHAMMAD FAUZI MUHAMMAD AMAR BIN YATIM SELAMAT MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL AMIN BIN MOHD SABRI

Scale Level

1 Poor

2

3 Acceptable

Matrix Number 2019848406 2019660666 2019452306 2019643778

4

5 Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team members on the following criteria Earned Assessment Members Element Self 1 2 3 4 I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5 I did my assigned work well and always on time 5 5 5 5 5 I was fair to my teammates and myself 5 5 5 5 5 I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5 I was very committed and focused in my team 5 5 5 5 5 I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5 I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 5 5 5 5 5 I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 5 5 5 5 5 I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 5 5 5 5 5 Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 5 5 5 5 5 50 5 5 5 5 Total 0 0 0 0 Comment Self: MUHAMMAD SYUKRI BIN MAZLAN Member 1: MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL AMIN BIN MOHD SABRI Member 2: MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN MOHAMMAD FAUZI Member 3: MUHAMMAD AMAR BIN YATIM SELAMAT

2

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Teamwork Assessment Form Name & ID BIl 1. 2. 3. 4.

Name MUHAMMAD SYUKRI BIN MAZLAN MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN MOHAMMAD FAUZI MUHAMMAD AMAR BIN YATIM SELAMAT MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL AMIN BIN MOHD SABRI

Scale Level

1

2

Poor

3 Acceptable

Matrix Number 2019848406 2019660666 2019452306 2019643778

4

5 Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team members on the following criteria Earned Assessment Members Self 1 2 3 4 I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5 I did my assigned work well and always on time 5 5 5 5 5 I was fair to my teammates and myself 5 5 5 5 5 I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5 I was very committed and focused in my team 5 5 5 5 5 I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5 I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 5 5 5 5 5 I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 5 5 5 5 5 I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 5 5 5 5 5 Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 5 5 5 5 5 50 5 5 5 5 Total 0 0 0 0 Comment Self: MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN MOHAMMAD FAUZI Element

Member 1: MUHAMMAD SYUKRI BIN MAZLAN Member 2: MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL AMIN BIN MOHD SABRI Member 3: MUHAMMAD AMAR BIN YATIM SELAMAT

3

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Teamwork Assessment Form Name & ID BIl 1. 2. 3. 4.

Name MUHAMMAD SYUKRI BIN MAZLAN MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN MOHAMMAD FAUZI MUHAMMAD AMAR BIN YATIM SELAMAT MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL AMIN BIN MOHD SABRI

Scale Level

1 Poor

2

3 Acceptable

Matrix Number 2019848406 2019660666 2019452306 2019643778

4

5 Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team members on the following criteria Earned Assessment Members Element Self 1 2 3 4 I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5 I did my assigned work well and always on time 5 5 5 5 5 I was fair to my teammates and myself 5 5 5 5 5 I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5 I was very committed and focused in my team 5 5 5 5 5 I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5 I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 5 5 5 5 5 I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 5 5 5 5 5 I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 5 5 5 5 5 Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 5 5 5 5 5 50 5 5 5 5 Total 0 0 0 0 Comment Self: MUHAMMAD AMAR BIN YATIM SELAMAT Member 1: MUHAMMAD SYUKRI BIN MAZLAN Member 2: MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN MOHAMMAD FAUZI Member 3: MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL AMIN BIN MOHD SABRI

4

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ___________________________________________________________________ Programme : Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Mechanical (EM220) Course : Applied Mechanics Lab Code : MEC 424 Lecturer : Prof. Madya Dr. Ramzyzan Ramly Group : EMD4M2B ___________________________________________________________________

MEC 424 - LABORATORY REPORT TITLE:

No 1. 2. 3. 4.

TENSILE TEST

NAME MUHAMMAD SYUKRI BIN MAZLAN MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN MOHAMMAD FAUZI MUHAMMAD AMAR BIN YATIM SELAMAT MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL AMIN BIN MOHD SABRI

REPORT SUBMISSION:

STUDENT ID 2019848406 2019660666 2019452306 2019643778

16/5/2020 (DATE)

*By signing above you attest that you have contributed to this submission and confirm that all work you have contributed to this submission is your own work. Any suspicion of copying or plagiarism in this work will result in an investigation of academic misconduct and may result in a “0” on the work, an “F” in the course, or possibly more severe penalties.

Marking Scheme No

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Total

5

Table of content.

Topic

Pages

Abstract

7

List of tables and figures

8

Introduction

9

Theory Experimental procedure and apparatus

10-11 12

Results

13-47

Discussion

13-47

Conclusion

13-47

References

48

Appendices and raw data

48-55

6

Abstract In the material strength lab of tensile test, the specimen used as the sample in the exp eriment is mild s teel. The objective of this exper iment is to determi ne the tens ile properties subjected to tensile loading. When performing the experiment, the material were stretched and extended to a highest point where the material can sustain before fracture. The design of many engineering structures is based on the tensile properties of the material used. Next, this experiment was conducted to identify the types of fracture surface under tensile loading. Last but not least, this experiment was performed to validate the data between experimental values and theoretical values. To start the experiment, it begins with taking the dimension of the specimen by using a Vernier calliper. The dimension taken was the length and diameter. Then, placed the specimen into the gripping head and the gap were adjusted. Pre loads were applied to the specimen to make it fit. Then the extension gauge w as attached to the moveable gripper. Then, the extension gauge and the load gauge were set to zero. To start the process, the wheel were rotated to move the moveable gripper, then the load gauge were read and recorded.

7

List of tables and figures.

Table 1 : Result ……………………………………………………………………………………….11-14 Figure 1: Graph load against extension…………………………………………………………..15 Figure 2 : Graph stress against strain……………………………………………………………..15 Table 2: Result………………………………………………………………………………………20-25 Figure 3 : Graph load against extension…………………………………………………………26 Figure 4 : Graph stress against strain……………………………………………………………..26 Table 3 : Result………………………………………………………………………………………...32-36 Figure 5 : Graph load against extension…………………………………………………………37 Figure 6 : Graph stress against strain……………………………………………………………..37 Table 4: Result…………………………………………………………………………………………40-43 Figure 7 : Graph load against extension……………………………………………………….…44 Figure 8: Graph stress against strain………………………………………………………………44 Table 5: Raw data……………………………………………………………………………………48-55 Figure 9 10 11 12 : Appendices ……………………………………………………………………48

8

Introduction Metal have its own properties including physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristic. The most important properties in this experiment are mechanical properties, which is including ductility, hardness, strength and toughness. The mechanical properties are the measurement that used as reference for material selection. To know the mechanical properties of metals, it needs material testing. One of the material testing is the tensile test. Tensile test is a measurement that examines the strength of material within giving loads in uniaxial direction to the specimen. The tested specimen is exposed by the increasing uniaxial force continuously while the change on the elongation is being observed. The tensile test measures the resistant of a material to the given static load. The result that generated from the tensile test show the mechanical properties that can be known from tensile test including tensile strength, yield strength, modulus of elasticity, ductility, resilience, toughness. Furthermore, the stress strain curve which is can be obtained from the measurement, which allows one to compute the mechanical properties. The tensile test is very important because it tells the impact of load given to the material’s mechanical properties of the material. These mechanical properties parameters would provide the basic data of the strength of an material.

9

1.1 Theory -Yield stress Yield stress determine the stress of the material due to elastic limit. It is the maximum load that obtained by the material when it is in between of elastic deformation and plastic deformation

-Ultimate tensile stress The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) or, more simply, the tensile strength, is the maximum engineering stress level reached in a tension test. The strength of a material is its ability to withstand external forces without breaking. In brittle materials, the UTS will at the end of the linear-elastic portion of the stress-strain curve or close to the elastic limit. In ductile materials, the UTS will be well outside of the elastic portion into the plastic portion of the stress-strain curve. On the stress-strain curve above, the UTS is the highest point where the line is momentarily flat. Since the UTS is based on the engineering stress, it is often not the same as the breaking strength. In ductile materials strain hardening occurs and the stress will continue to increase until fracture occurs, but the engineering stress-strain curve may show a decline in the stress level before fracture occurs. This is the result of engineering stress being based on the original cross-section area and not accounting for the necking that commonly occurs in the test specimen. The UTS may not be completely representative of the highest level of stress that a material can support, but the value is not typically used in the design of components anyway. For ductile metals the current design practice is to use the yield strength for sizing static components. However, since the UTS is easy to determine and quite reproducible, it is useful for the purposes of specifying a material and for quality control purposes. On the other hand, for brittle materials the design of a component may be based on the tensile strength of the material.

10

-Stress-strain relationship

Tensile loading on material causes the material to undergo deformations. The kind of deformation can either be elastic or plastic deformation. The elastic deformation is characterised by linear relationship between the extension and applied load. Engineering stress

σ

is given by the ratio of load applied to the original cross ε

sectional area, while engineering strain

is given by change in length (extension)

∆ L over the original length L.[ CITATION GJa12 \l 1033 ] Hence; σ=

P Ao

and

(1) ε=

∆L Lo

(2) Where, σ

is engineering stress

P

Ao

is the applied axial load

is the original cross sectional area ε

is the engineering strain ∆ L is the extension Lo is the original length

- Young modulus The engineering stress- strain relationship for elastic deformation is based on Hooke’s law. The gradient on this curve gives a modulus of elasticity called The Young’s Modulus E. E=

σ ε

,

(3) Where: E σ

is Youngs modulus

is engineering stress and

ε is the engineering strain.

11

In engineering applications of materials/ metals that are subjected to deflections, Young’s modulus is of critical importance

4.0

Apparatus

Vernier caliper, tensile test machine, rectangular specimens, extension gauge, load gauge

5.0

Experimental Procedure 1. Measured the length of specimens using Vernier calliper 2. Measure the thickness and width of specimens 3. Mount the specimens to the jaw grip of tensile test machine. Slightly Stretch on specimen by turning load anchor clockwise until gauge record a slight reading 4. Place extensometer on the vertical flat of inner jaw to record elongation of the specimen. Extensometer is set zero 5. Turn the load anchor is clockwise direction until extensometer records a change of 0.1 mm. Record the load gauge reading. 6. Repeat step 5 for rate change in elongation to 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm. 7. Change the rate gradually to 0.1, when a load gauge recorded decreasing in reading until specimen break 8. Measure the final length

12

MUHAMMAD SYUKRI BIN MAZLAN

EMD4M2B 2019848406

Results Table 1 Extension (mm) 0 0.035 0.07 0.1052 0.14 0.175 0.2101 0.245 0.2799 0.3152 0.3499 0.385 0.4201 0.4549 0.4899 0.5251 0.5598 0.5951 0.63 0.6649 0.7001 0.7351 0.7699 0.8051 0.84 0.8749 0.9101 0.945 0.9799 1.015 1.05 1.0849 1.1202 1.155 1.1899 1.2251

Load (N) 2.42864 43.7914 48.8936 49.9178 48.6711 49.3048 49.4259 50.8885 54.7432 62.9426 110.338 282.853 659.235 1177.25 1687.97 2133.3 2524.2 2889.44 3219.48 3518.68 3800.11 4068.36 4328.98 4590.37 4840.7 5090.89 5355.46 5621.29 5891.22 6170.47 6456.43 6740.84 7040.39 7341.69 7644.91 7963.16

Stress (Pa) 73196.0217 1319814.35 1473586.2 1504454.19 1466881.25 1485979.81 1489630.5 1533708.86 1649885.47 1897003.92 3325421.94 8524810.13 19868444.8 35480681.1 50873086.2 64294816.2 76075859 87083634.7 97030620.9 106048252 114530078 122614798 130469439 138347529 145892104 153432610 161406209 169417993 177553406 185969560 194587914 203159675 212187764 221268626 230407022 239998734

Strain (Pa) 73196.0217 1319814.35 1473586.2 1504454.19 1466881.25 1485979.81 1489630.5 1533708.86 1649885.47 1897003.92 3325421.94 8524810.13 19868444.8 35480681.1 50873086.2 64294816.2 76075859 87083634.7 97030620.9 106048252 114530078 122614798 130469439 138347529 145892104 153432610 161406209 169417993 177553406 185969560 194587914 203159675 212187764 221268626 230407022 239998734

13

1.2599 1.2949 1.3301 1.3649 1.4 1.435 1.47 1.5049 1.5401 1.5749 1.61 1.6451 1.68 1.7149 1.7501 1.7849 1.82 1.8551 1.8899 1.925 1.96 1.9949 2.03 2.0651 2.0999 2.135 2.1701 2.2049 2.2401 2.2751 2.3099 2.3451 2.38 2.4149 2.4501 2.485 2.5199 2.555 2.59 2.6249 2.6601 2.695 2.7299 2.7651 2.7999 2.8349

8283.04 8606.08 8937.94 9268.54 9602.85 9946.99 10291.9 10638.5 10997.2 11352.2 11711.9 12082.2 12450.6 12821.9 13208.5 13589.7 13972.6 14364.9 14747.9 15139.6 15534 15923.5 16312.9 16711.2 17093.2 17480.5 17858 18206.9 18527.6 18798.1 18979.7 19099.6 19167.4 19201.7 19232.6 19260 19278 19305.5 19326.2 19342.1 19365 19384.3 19395.2 19416.3 19429.2 19437.7

249639572 259375648 269377366 279341139 289416817 299788728 310184448 320630500 331439120 342140145 352980108 364139542 375242616 386433695 398087402 409576251 421116034 432938517 444480410 456286618 468174201 479911392 491647981 503653406 515165763 526837553 538216998 548729656 558395419 566550332 572020796 575635322 577679626 578712779 579645268 580470163 581013261 581842074 582466245 582944244 583635021 584214888 584544907 585180832 585568415 585824593

249639572 259375648 269377366 279341139 289416817 299788728 310184448 320630500 331439120 342140145 352980108 364139542 375242616 386433695 398087402 409576251 421116034 432938517 444480410 456286618 468174201 479911392 491647981 503653406 515165763 526837553 538216998 548729656 558395419 566550332 572020796 575635322 577679626 578712779 579645268 580470163 581013261 581842074 582466245 582944244 583635021 584214888 584544907 585180832 585568415 585824593 14

2.8701 2.905 2.94 2.9751 3.0099 3.045 3.0801 3.115 3.1499 3.1851 3.22 3.2549 3.2902 3.3249 3.36 3.3951 3.43 3.465 3.5003 3.5349 3.57 3.6051 3.64 3.675 3.7101 3.7449 3.78 3.8151 3.8499 3.8851 3.9201 3.9549 3.9901 4.025 4.0599 4.0951 4.13 4.1649 4.2002 4.2349 4.27 4.3051 4.3399 4.375 4.4101 4.445

19455 19463.9 19470.6 19484.1 19484.6 19493.5 19504.4 19506.4 19510.4 19518.7 19518.5 19521.1 19527.4 19521.8 19518.3 19516.6 19504.9 19488.7 19479.6 19445.6 19419.4 19385.1 19339.7 19289.6 19242.8 19176.5 19116.5 19058 18982.7 18916.2 18848.5 18766.9 18697.3 18625 18539.1 18466.3 18388.4 18300.9 18225.6 18140.9 18055.2 17976.7 17888.8 17802.9 17721.5 17633.7

586346594 586615130 586816154 587223629 587238999 587508137 587834840 587895419 588015973 588267631 588261603 588338758 588528632 588360759 588256178 588204039 587851115 587362869 587089210 586062387 585273357 584239602 582871609 581361664 579951175 577952682 576144364 574383363 572113623 570107595 568068415 565608800 563511453 561333032 558742917 556549729 554200422 551563593 549295660 546742013 544159132 541793249 539144967 536555154 534100663 531455696

586346594 586615130 586816154 587223629 587238999 587508137 587834840 587895419 588015973 588267631 588261603 588338758 588528632 588360759 588256178 588204039 587851115 587362869 587089210 586062387 585273357 584239602 582871609 581361664 579951175 577952682 576144364 574383363 572113623 570107595 568068415 565608800 563511453 561333032 558742917 556549729 554200422 551563593 549295660 546742013 544159132 541793249 539144967 536555154 534100663 531455696 15

4.48 4.5151 4.5499 4.585 4.6201 4.655 4.6899 4.7251 4.76 4.7949 4.8302 4.865 4.9 4.9351 4.97 5.005 5.0401 5.0749 5.11 5.1451 5.1799 5.215 5.2501 5.2849 5.32 5.3551 5.39 5.4251 5.4561

17541.3 17460.2 17367.7 17276.1 17189.7 17095.5 16998.4 16908.7 16809.8 16711.8 16616.9 16513 16408.2 16311.3 16201.9 16096.3 15993.5 15878.4 15768.3 15659.4 15539.1 15422.5 15307.4 15177.8 15055.3 14928.1 14787.4 14648.4 4230.03

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