Report Microp PDF

Preview

Summary

Lab report on LED light Arduino
...

Description

TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents 1.0 Abstract 2.0 Introduction 3.0 Problem statements 4.0 Objectives 5.0 Product description and details 6.0 Programming flowchart 6.1 Lid-opening flowchart 6.2 Trash level flowchart 7.0 Circuit Diagram 8.0 Coding 9.0 Results and discussion 9.1 Lid opening 9.2 Trash level LED indicator 10.0 Conclusion 11.0 References

Page no

1.0 ABSTRACT Waste management is one of the primary problems that the world faces irrespective of the case of developed or developing country. The main issue is that the dustbin at public places gets overflowed well in advanced before the beginning of the next cleaning process. It in turn leads to various hazards such as unpleasant smell and ugliness to that place such as lakeside. It will give unhealthy pollution to the people. By invented of smart dustbin system, it can maintain public cleanliness thus the entire hazardous scenario can be avoided. This system is aided by the ultrasonic sensor which is interfaced with Arduino UNO to check the level of garbage filled in the dustbin and did instant cleaning of dustbin. The second issue is that certain people will throw the garbage out of the dustbin bin as they feel disgusted to touch the lid of the bin. Sometimes, the waste will be exposed to the flies and mosquitoes as the lid does not close in a proper way. Smart Dustbin using Arduino, Ultrasonic Sensor and Servo Motor, where the lid of the dustbin will automatically open itself upon detection of human hand, thus the problem will be solved.

2.0 INTRODUCTION Dustbin (or garbage bins, trash cans) are small plastic (or metal) containers that are used to store trash (or waste) on a temporary basis. They are often used in homes, offices, streets, parks etc. to collect the waste. In some places, littering is a serious offence and hence public waste containers are the only way to dispose small waste. Usually, it is a common practise to use separate bins for collecting wet or dry, recyclable or non-recyclable waste. In this project, my group have designed a simple system called Smart Dustbin using Arduino, Ultrasonic Sensor and Servo Motor, where the lid of the dustbin will automatically open itself upon detection of human hand. The led indicator also used to show the condition of the dustbin if it is full of rubbish. Hence, we need to empty the dustbin so that it can function as usual.

3.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT  The garbage in the dustbin gets overflowed well in advance.  The waste exposed to the flies and mosquitoes.  The garbage put out of the dustbin due the human behaviour. 4.0 OBJECTIVES The prime objective of this study is to design and implement an automatic lid opening dustbin with content monitoring capability that can produce precise and accurate outputs. Specifically, this study aims to:  Identify the hardware and software requirements for the design and development the system  Design and construct a prototype that will automatically open the lid of the dustbin when the sensor sensed a presence of nearby object and give alert of the status of the contents of the containers through LEDs.  Program the microcontroller to achieve and implement the desired actions of the motor and LEDs.  Test the functionality of the system and determine the effectiveness of the system through repeated testing.

5.0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND DETAILS 

Arduino Microcontroller Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. It consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board. It translates the signal from the sensors to a signal that the servo motor and LEDs can read. It implements the actions dictated by the c-language programmed to it.

Figure 1: Arduino Uno Microcontroller Pin outs used: Pins 5V input pin GND pin Digital pin 5

Functions Provides a 5V supply to the whole circuit Serves as a common ground A PWM-enabled pin. The trigger of the

Digital pin 6

external sensor is connected to it. A PWM-enabled pin. The echo of the

Digital pin 7

external sensor is connected to it. The signal pin of the servo motor is

Digital pin 8

connected to this pin. It powers the output of LED that indicates

Digital pin 9

that the bin is full. A PWM-enabled pin. It powers the output of

Digital pin 10

LED that indicates that the bin is half full. A PWM-enabled pin. It powers the output of LED that indicates that the bin is empty and

Digital pin 11

operational. A PWM-enabled pin. The echo of the internal

Digital pin 12

sensor is connected to it. The trigger of the external sensor is connected to it.



Servo motor A servo motor has everything built in: a motor, a feedback circuit, and most important, a motor driver. The Servo motor is used to open the lid on the trash bin through the command of the Arduino and ultrasonic sensor.

Figure 2: Servo motor Pin outs used: Pins 5V input pin GND pin PWM pin

Functions The middle pin. Supply input of the motor. The black/brown pin. Serves as a ground. Usually orange/yellow in colour. Pin that receives the signal from the Arduino.



Ultrasonic Sensors The HC-SR04 ultrasonic ranging sensor provides 2cm to 400cm of non-contact measurement functionality with a ranging accuracy that can reach up to 3mm. Each HCSR04 module includes an ultrasonic transmitter, a receiver and a control circuit. The ultrasonic sensor was used to detect the presence of the user and also to measure the contents of the bin.

Figure 3: Ultrasonic sensor

Pin outs used: Pins VCC input pin GND pin Trigger pin Echo pin



Functions Supply input of the sensor Serves as a ground of the sensor The receiver of the signal The transmitter of the signal. Acts as speaker.

Light Emitting Diodes A two-lead semiconductor light source that emits light when activated. The LEDs serves as the indicator of the content of the bins.

Figure 4: LED Pin outs used: Pins Anode Cathode

Functions Ground pin Positive pin connected.

6.0 PROGRAMMING FLOWCHART 6.1 Lid-opening flowchart

where

the

resistors

are

6.2 Trash level flowchart

Figure 5: The flowchart of the process

7.0 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure : The breadboard connection

8.0 CODING

Figure 7: Coding used to run the programme using Arduino

9.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

9.1 Lid-opening Based on simulation that was done by us, the distance of the user’s hand is affecting the response time of the dustbin to open its lid. The distance of the user’s hand was measured and computed using Formula 1 for the distance of the electromagnetic waves emitted by the ultrasonic sensor. From Equation 1

Responsetime ) 2 Distance (cm )= 29.1 (

Response time(cm)=

2(distance) 29.1

The following is the results of simulation that was done to observe the distance of user’s hand to the lid response time. Distance (cm) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Response Time (µs) 116.4 232.8 349.2 465.2 582 698.4 814.8 931.2 1047.6 1164

Distance vs Response Time 1400

Response Time (µs)

1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0

0

5

10

15

20

25

Distance (cm)

9.2 Trash level LED indicator From the presented results, the lid of the dustbin will open faster if the user’s hand is closer to the lid opening sensor. Thus, the response time is proportional to the user’s hand. Using Formula 2, the distance of the content of the bin can be computed. The response (light) of the LEDs depends on the height of the contents from the sensor inside the lid of the bin. This can be determined through the echo feedback inside the bin.

Content (cm)=

duration 2(29.1)

From the figure above, it can be seen that there were 3 LED that functioned to indicate the trash level in the bin. Table below shows that how the LED will light up depending on the trash level. Height Distance < 23 Distance < 15 Distance < 6

LED indicator One LED light up (Empty/Low-level) Two LED light up (Half-level) All LED light up (Full/High-level)

10.0 CONCLUSION The reliability and accuracy of the prototype will always depend on the hardware and software components of the system. The results obtained by testing shows that the system has high level of accuracy and reliability when applied in real-life assembly. It can be observed that the step response of the system is fast and accurate. It is believed that by repeated testing and simulation that all objectives are met precisely with a programmable controller (ArduinoUno) which was able to achieve, monitor, control, and maintain the desired output constantly. The problem faced by the country can be solved by the invention of the Smart Dustbin using Arduino. Using this project, the lid of the dustbin stays closed, so that waste is not exposed (to avoid flies and mosquitos) and when you want dispose any waste, it will automatically open the lid. The environment also will look much clean as there are sensors located in the Smart Dustbin as the dustbin full of garbage, the LEDs will blink according to the level of rubbish. The cleaners will become more alert and do the clean work as fast as possible.

11.0 REFERENCES 1. https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/msr048/smart-dustbin-064003 2. https://bestengineeringprojects.com/smart-dustbin-using-arduino-uno/ 3. https://create.arduino.cc/projecthub/Junezriyaz/distance-measurement-using-arduinoultrasonic-sensor-409169

4. https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/arduino-ultrasonic-sensor-based-distancemeasurement

5. https://www.electronicshub.org/smart-dustbin-using-arduino/...