Research paradigms - Lecture notes midterm PDF

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Summary

Research ParadigmsAssumptions Paradigm: shared belief systemPositivist Paradigm Naturalist/ Constructivist/ Interpratism ParadigmOntology (Beliefs about reality) (Philosophy related to existence)Realism One “truth” /reality exists Objective Static Context-free (does not matter) Truth can be found an...

Description

Research Paradigms Positivist Paradigm

Assumptions Paradigm: shared belief system Ontology (Beliefs about reality) (Philosophy related to existence)

Epistemology (Approaches to knowing) (The relationship between the researcher and the researched) (How knowledge is acquired)

Methodology How one goes about finding out information. Methods Concept Analysis Approach

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Realism One “truth” /reality exists Objective Static Context-free (does not matter) Truth can be found and measured Underpins positivism Deductive logic Measured by scientific or natural laws Objective (Etic) Outsider’s approach

The researchers are on the outside from those being researched.

Quantitative

Naturalist/ Constructivist/ Interpratism Paradigm

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Relativism Multiple “truths” Subjective Realityynamic (changing) Contextual (influences reality) Meaning can be explored in depth Underpins constructivism Inductive logic Goal : understanding Explore meaning in depth Subjective (Emic) Insider’s approach

The researcher interacts with those being researched, and findings are the creation of that interaction. Subjective knowledge acquisition Qualitative

Surveys

Interviews

Walker and Avant

Rogers

Qualitative or Quantitative Case Study -simple or complex -in-depth analysis of an individual, group, institution, or other social unit Participatory Action Research Collaboration between researcher and the participants to define and solve the problem

Experimental Design Randomized controlled trials (RCTs): “gold standard” Ca u s ea nde ffe c ta mon gv a r i a b l e s 1) random sample 2) control group for comparison 3) intervention

Design: Phenomenology Aim: understanding the “lived experiences” -Seeking meaning -Small sample size -In-depth conversations -Essays or book (long format)

* if any of the 3 elements are missing it’s not a RCT = Quasi-experimental

Design: Ethnography Aim: Understanding the participants “culture” -Conducted in natural setting Data collection: observations, documents, interviews, diary

Descriptive Non-Experimental Design -Survey -descriptive, exploratory, comparative -Correlational Describes relationships between factors/ variables (Correlation does not = causation) -Case Control -Association through retrospection -Cohort Study Compares 2 or more groups over time to compare outcome

Qualitative Research  Uses smaller sample sizes  Subjective  Interpretative  Inductive: works from specific to broad generalizations  Thematic analysis Quantitative Research  Uses larger sample sizes  Objective  Deductive: works from the more general to the more specific  Statistical analysis

Design: Grounded theory Aim: Develop a theory to explain social process *incongruent Data collection: Constant comparison of old and new data to develop a theory

Evidence Based Practice

Naturalistic inquiry: fancy word for qualitative research...