Review Sheet Bio 8, test 2 PDF

Preview

Summary

test 2 review sheet...

Description

Review Sheet, Bio 8, Test 2 1) The great saphenous vein in the leg is used for coronary artery bypass grafts 2) Anastomoses are alternative routes of blood supply 3) Papillary muscles and the chordae tendonae prevent the AV valves from prolapsing or bulging excessively into the atria during ventricular contraction 4) Desmosomes help fasten cardiocytes together while gap junctions help spread the electrical impulses from cell to cell 5) Know the valves, the AV valves, the tricuspid in the right heart and the mitral valve in the left heart, knowing where they are in relation to the ventricles and the semilunar valves, including the aortic and pulmonary valves. Know not only where these valves are located but also that they open and close because of pressure differences. 6) When blood is spun down in a centrifuge, the buffy coat is the layer that has WBC’s and platelets 7) Pulmonary arteries have lower blood pressure than systemic arteries 8) Excess iron is stored in the liver as ferritin 9) Blood flow through capillaries is controlled by precapillary sphincters on the metarterioles 10) Erythropoetin effects on blood properties such as RBC count, viscosity, osmolarity, and hematocrit 11) Monocytes differentiate into larger macrophages that use phagocytosis to ingest invaders & debris 12) Trace the correct path of electrical excitation from the SA node to the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle to the purkinje fibers to the ventricular cardiocytes 13) Many hormones, neurotransmitters, and neuropeptides increase blood pressure, which one decreases it? Hint, released by atria. 14) Most of blood’s viscosity is from red blood cells and plasma proteins like albumin 15) The liver and spleen are where RBC’s die and are taken out of circulation 16) The number of neutrophils typically goes up in response to bacterial infections 17) What is hemostasis? 18) How is serum different from plasma(fibrinogen) 19) Why does blood pressure go up as we age—hardening of the arteries 20) Venous pooling in the legs can cause someone to pass out(syncope) if standing for a long time 21) Most of the clotting factors in the blood are created in the liver 22) Varicose veins that occur in people who stand for long periods time of happen because of failure of the valves( they become incompetent and regurgitate blood backwards) 23) Most of the volume of blood in the body is found in the veins 24) Trace the path of blood vessels in a portal system: Heart>arteries>arteriole>capillary bed>arteriole>capillary bed> venule> vein> heart 25) The internal carotid artery supplies 80% of the cerebrum 26) Hypertension is defined as a blood pressure greater than 140/90 27) In what ways are skeletal muscle similar and different 28) How is venous return to the heart affected by exercise and how 29) What are the causes of polycythemia 30) Blood incompatibility results from the action of plasma antibodies against donor’s RBC antigens 31) Blood flow is only pulsatile in arteries, not veins or capillaries 32) Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein

33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 40)

The myocardium or heart muscle does the pumping of blood Know the difference between the apex of the heart and the base Arterial blood flow to the lower limb is by the external iliac artery TIA’s, transient ischemic attacks are often early warning signs of a stroke (CVA) Myeloid hemopoeisis takes place in red bone marrow in adults Sickle cell disease slide Parasympathetic stimulation reduces the heart rate Most of the oxygen is transported in the blood bound to heme groups in hemoglobin...