Rhythmic Gymnastics & Pyramid Building PDF

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Rhythmic Gymnastics -

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Combines ballet and Creative movements to music, while working with light apparatus such as ribbons, balls, hoops, ropes, and clubs in a choreographed dance and tumble routine. Everything it is done on the floor with far different routines and different music. the discipline of rhythmic gymnastics is completed only by women and involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus like ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope on a floor area, within much greater emphasis on the aesthetic rather than the acrobat. Although it is largely a sport for women and girls, a growing number of men participate in a few countries. Athletes are judged on some of the same physical abilities and skills as their female counterparts such as hand body eye coordination, but tumbling, strength, power and martial arts skills are the main focus, as opposed to flexibility and dance of women’s rhythmic gymnastics. The 19th century Swedish system of free exercises laid the foundation of the gymnastic discipline known as rhythmic gymnastics. It was developed by Peter Henry Ling, who promoted aesthetic gymnastics.

RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS AND ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS There are two kinds of gymnastics, artistic gymnastics, and rhythmic gymnastics. The kind of gymnastics most of us are familiar with is artistic gymnastics. Women’s artistic gymnastics includes uneven bars, balance beam, vault, and floor exercise. Rhythmic gymnastics are routines performed on the floor that may or may not include, ball, hoop, ribbon, rope, or Indian clubs.

Rhythmic Gymnastics is officially called Rhythmic Sportive Gymnastics (RSG). An Olympic sport for either one women or 5 women in group competition consisting of a floor exercise dance, with leaps, turns, balance elements, and flexibility moves while moving and tossing handheld apparatus: a ball, a rope, a hoop, two clubs, or a ribbon. Significant tumbling is not allowed. Rhythmic gymnasts are known for their extreme flexibility.

Rhythmic gymnastics can be a very challenging sport. There are four main points to being a good rhythmic gymnast: 1. Attitude: ability to accept criticism; hardworking, open to ideas and suggestions, etc. 2. Commitment: dedication to work; ability to keep reaching for the goal; not giving up, etc. 3. Practice: many people believe that this is the only thing needed to be a good gymnast, but this is not true. 4. Confidence: belief in one’s self.

FLOOR SKILLS Floor work is the basis of most gymnastic exercises and needs to be well thought at simple levels in order to form a good foundation for the more advanced skills to follow, and for the stability of the movements and the body when the routines are done with other apparatus.

RUNNING, SPRINGING, and JUMPING Running is the key element in all gymnastics activities and can take several forms like sprinting, endurance running, and dodging. Sprinting is crucial for vaulting endurance running may be used in strength training, and dodging may be used for games.

Running, changing to the other steps such as side slipping, skipping, springing, trotting, and bouncing on the spot, are all preparations for more specific jumps.

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A jump is usually a move from both feet landing on both feet, a leap is from one foot to the other, and a hop is from one foot to the same foot. Jumps from one foot to the other (Leap), jumps from two feet to two feet (Double beat), and from one foot to two (Single take-off) need to be clearly defined and practiced. Using circles on the floor or hoops, experiment with jumps into and out of the circles, illustrating the oneand two-foot take-offs and landings. The student should have a good arm swing to aid the jumps. The arm swing comes from just behind the line of the body. The arms should not be thrown back behind the level of the ears which will lead to a hallowing of the body, rather the body should be slightly pike. Note: A hollow refers to a gymnastics body position, where hips are turned under, the butt is tucked in, and the chest is rounded forward. Bike is a gymnastics body position with the body bent forward at the waist with the legs kept straight. Poster must be maintained throughout all jumpshead up. Shoulders relaxed; full extension shown from start to finish (whatever shape is required during the move).

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other. The under leg should be able to beat the other leg to push it even higher. Scissor Kick - This is sometimes called a hitch hike. This is done by stepping forward with one foot, then kicking the other in the air. As the food begins to come down, the other leg swings up, passing the other in the air and landing on the first, then the second leg. Change Leg Split Leap - A split lip is usually made after two or three running steps in order to increase momentum for increased height and length. This can also be performed with a change of leg in the air. Take off is from one leg into a full split position in the air; then after the full split has been shown, the other leg swings forward to show splits with the second leg in front. Ring Leap - This is a jump off one foot, with an extended front leg and the back leg swinging backwards and operates with the rear foot towards the head. Hops - A kind of jump that takes off from one foot and lands on the same, lifting the free leg in front, side or back. Turning Jumps - From a standing position, with a slight bend at the knees, jump and turn at the same time with the arms are thrown up strongly.

GYMANSTICS MOVEMENTS BASIC GYMANSTIC JUMPS 1. Stretch Jump – the most basic jump. It is operate jump on the spot, with arms stretched above the head, displaying good height and extension. At full height, the body shows a slight hollow, and then when the landing is reached, the legs are slightly forward in pike position. 2. Cabriole Jump - This is an extended jump in which the legs are extended forward and beat together in the air, one under the

Arabesque - In gymnastics and ballet, a pose on one leg with the other leg extended behind the body. The supporting leg is either bent or straight. Stand on one foot and raise the other leg to the back in a split (preferably a 180 degree split) with a straight leg and turned out from the hip; while keeping the trunk fully upright. Arabesque Penche – An arabesque scale in which the back is allowed to drop so that the rear leg may be raised higher.

Arch - A position, in which the back is curved backwards, the chest is open and the body takes on a convex shape. Used in dance movements. Is not usually desirable in tumbling or bars. Assemble – A common ballet and gymnastics movement where the legs are brought together in the air. It brings with a step and ends on both feet. The gymnast lifts one leg up and springs off the other on landing, both feet have closed together. Attitude – A position of the body, similar tot eh arabesque, where the extended leg is bent at the knee. Backbend – A body position with a high degree of bending with an arched back and stretched shoulders where the hands and feet are on the floor. Body Wave – A wave-like contraction movement of the entire body passing through the hips, shoulders, arms, and head. Bridge – Another term for a backbend in which the body forms an arch, supported by the hands and feet. Ideally, the arms and legs should be straight and close together. Chains Turn – A turn on the balls of the feet, usually done in a series of half turns. Terms that are linked together; that is changed together. Chasse - A dance movement of the feet which gives the impression of one foot chasing the other, often used as a lead-up to a leap. Developpe - This is a ballet and gymnastics dance movement. It is done by drawing the toe of the gesture leg (which bands at the knee and hip) up the front, side, or back of the supporting leg, until it reaches knee height. It is then developed unfolded to its full extension, either to the front, side, or back of the gymnast’s body. Fouetté - A term applied to a ripping gymnastics and ballet dance movement.

Front Split - A split in which one leg is extended forward in the other leg extended backward, both at right angles to the trunk. Grande Jete - A ballet term used to describe his split leap, a large jump that is done from one foot to the other. Inward Turn - A gymnastics or ballet turn on the feet (foot) in the opposite direction of the supporting leg. Jete - A gymnastics and ballet movement where a gymnast throws their leg and takes off from one foot and lands on one foot. Lunge - A position often used to initiate and /or land tumbling or control skill like a cartwheel. Passe - A basic gymnastics and dance balance position where one leg is turned outward with the thigh or horizontal, knee bent, an toes touching the inner knee of the other leg. Pike - A gymnastics body position used in jumps with the body bent forward at the waist with the legs. Pirouette - Who is term used in both gymnastics and dance refer to turn around the body’s longitudinal axis. Plie - A gymnastics and dance movement most in ballet technique begins and end with a plie, which is a bend and stretch of the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Por de Bras - This term literally means carriage of the arms. It refers to the set positions of the arms as well as the manner in which the arms are moved from position to position during gymnastics dance and ballet. Releve – In ballet and gymnastics, to rise or lift into the ball of the foot.

Scale - In ballet or gymnastics, when the leg is raised high (ideally to a 180 degrees split) while balancing on the other leg. Split - Any front or side word body position in which the legs are extended apart as far as possible in opposite directions with the ideal angle of the legs being 180 degrees or more apart. Straddle - A body position in which the body faces forward and the legs are spread far apart to the side, ideally to a 180 degrees split or more. Tour Jete – A ballet and gymnastics jump with a half-turn and split action on the leg sticking of one foot and landing on the other. V-Sit – A body position used in gymnastics where the legs are raised off the floor in a deep Pike position and the entire body is supported by the hands from the general appearance of a “V” shape.

Pyramid Building BRIEF HISTORY Old stone cuttings show that the ancient Egyptians enjoyed building human pyramids, practicing balancing acts, and performing acrobatic activities around 3000 B.C. Nowadays, the term Sports Acrobatics is being used to refer to skills with a combination of gymnastics, dance, and pyramid building. These athletes are expected to show confidence, unity and grace on the competition floor. The bases of the pyramid demonstrate strength and support while the tops show flexibility and balance.

PYRAMID BUILDING and SPORTS ACROBATICS Sports Acrobatics is composed of sequences base don simple pair balances linked together with pleasing choreography and a few tumbling skills. Pyramid building involves sequence from simple to complicated group balances taking the form of a pyramid. Besides giving the participants a great deal of enjoyment, these activities also challenge the imagination and resourcefulness of the participants or athletes. Working in 3s, 4s, 5s, and so on, does not necessarily mean more difficult work; indeed, a picture involving many participants can be devised by simply joining together different pair balances.

ELEMENTS IN HUMAN PYRAMID BUILDING 1. Bases – composed of athletes which serve as the primary support for the entire pyramid. 2. Tops – sometimes referred to as “fliers”. These are the athletes who climb and complete the whole pyramid. 3. Spotter – not exactly a part of the whole pyramid, but this term refers to person(s) who assist the fliers as they go about their climbing feats on the pyramid. Spotters make sure of the safety of the athletes. 4. Additional spotter – these are the spotters who are placed around the area during the building of the pyramid. 5. Contour of Pyramids a. Convex or Apex – the peak of the pyramid is in the center.

BASIC RULES FOR STUNTING -

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No one should talk while stunting except coach or back spotter. The back spotter is in the most important person in all stunts. They should be aggressive, smart, and as tall as possible. The back spotter calls everything while stunting. What stunt is being performed, when to start, when to break, when to cradle, etc. Every stunt should be sone to counts for timing purposes. Fliers should know how to fall. Bases should know how to catch. Everyone should know what position they are and what their job will be during the stunt. They should realize that each position is important. Fliers should not let their feet go more than shoulders width apart. Bases should not stand no further apart than the width of the flier’s shoulders. Be sure the bases do not back up while stunting and fliers do not bottom out.

Cheerdance DEFINITION OF CHEERLEADING: Cheerleading is one of the campus activity during sports fest. It is a type of dance that typically combines chants, jumps, tumbling, stunt, pyramid building, and dance routine.

CONCEPTS OF CHEERLEADING:

Cheerleading explores all types of basic dance movements and movement techniques where cheerleaders use pompoms as props. It also involves leaps, jumps, and funky style of hip-hop and jazz. This is usually performed in strong and energetic music that encourages and stimulates excitement in action. This can also be a healthy and good exercise that can improve individual’s motor skills, encourage coordination, discipline, good body posture, stamina, and boost self-image and self-esteem. It also provides good leadership, confidence, and good values.

ELEMENTS OF CHEERLEADING: 1. Dance – this is a combination of body movements usually performed to music such as jazz, lyrical, gymnastics dance, hip-hop, or punk. 2. Acrobatics – these are some skills and stunts in gymnastics like split, arabesque, and bridge stand. 3. Tumbling – this can be done by turning, twisting, and rolling the body on the floor or on air. 4. Acrobatics – a team makes a picture in static position.

2 MAJOR TYPES OF CHEERLEADING: 1. Spirit Squad – this is limited to cheering for sports teams. 2. Competitive Team – this is performed at athletic events and can function as spirit squad.

7. Touchdown – arms extended, arms touching ears, fists closed. CHEER DANCE BASIC MOVEMENTS 1. Fist Dagger – elbows bend, forearms parallel to shoulders, fists in front of shoulders. Candlestick – elbows bend and closed to body, forearm parallel to elbows, fists parallel to forearms. Bucket – one arm extended sideward at shoulder level, fists of the other hand on hip with elbows bent. 2. Blade – hands open, fingers together. 3. Clap – both hands open, palms touching each other in front of the chest, elbows bent. 4. Clasp – one hand grasps the other hand in front of chest, elbows bent.

8. Forward Punch – arms forward at shoulder level, fists closed. 9. Rightful Diagonal (right arm up) – arms extended overhead, arms touching ears, fists closed. 10. Right L – right arm extended sideward, left arm upward and touching the eras, fists closed. 11. Muscle Man – arms sideward, elbows bend, forearm parallel to elbows, fists closed. 12. Checkmark – from rightful diagonal. Bend one elbow and closely to body. 13. Table Top – arms extended overhead, arms touching ears, fists closed. 14. Indian – from the table position, bring down both forearms in front of the chest, touching each other, fists closed and in line elbows.

B. Arms Position 1. Arms straight down at sides of the body – arms straight down at sides of the body, fists closed to the hips.

15. Right or Left Low Angle – one arm diagonally downward, fists of the other hand on waist, fists closed.

2. Fists or hands on hips – fists or hands on hips, elbow bent.

C. Legs Position

3. High V – arms diagonally or obliquely upward, fists closed and facing outward.

- Standing

4. Low V – arms diagonally or obliquely downward, fists closed and facing outward.

- Lunges

- Walking

5. T-Position – arms extended sideward at shoulder level. Fists closed and facing downward.

- Kicks

6. Baby-T – from t-position, fully bend elbows, forearms at shoulder level, fists closed to shoulder.

- Jumps

- Sitting

DEFINITION of TERMS Aerial – one leg is lift behind in 90 degrees Banana – where you bring both knees up to your chest Base person – is a person who has contact with the cheering surface and supports another person. Basket Toss – a flier is tossed by 4 or more base persons in the air yo perform. Bracer – is a person who has direct contact with a top person being supported by the base person, a bracer stabilizes stunt. Cradle – a dismount from a stunt in which the top person lands in faceup or semi-pike position. Cupie – this is a single stunt where the base person holds both feet of the fliers with one hand in extended overhead position. Deadman – the flier falls backward or forward out of a stunt and three or more spotters catch and push the flier back up the base’s hands. Dive Roll – a forward roll wherein the performer is airborne prior to the beginning of the forward roll.

Top Person – is the person being supported by the base person in a mount or pyramid. Loading Position – a shoulder level position that uses continuous motion to put a top person in a stunt or pyramid. Middle – a person who is being supported by a base person and also supporting the top person. Mount – is made up of one or more base persons supporting one or more top persons. Pyramid – is made up of more than one mount. Partner Stunt – is a mount that involves two persons. Power Jump – this is a jump with no swinging of the arms where power area comes from the legs. Reload – a transition that connects two stunts. Rewind – skill in which the top person starts with both feet on the ground and tossed into the air and perform a backward or side rotation into a stunt or loading position. Split Lift – the two base persons hold the fliers legs at the knee area. Stunt – is amount, pyramid or tumbling skills.

Elevator – two base persons hold different foot on one flier at shoulder level.

Top – a person who is being supported by a base person while also supporting a top person.

Flip – a person is airborne while the feet pass over the head.

Toss – a movement by one or group of performer that propels a person into the air so that the person is airborne.

Full Twist Craddle – it is a 360 degrees turn in the air. Helicopter Toss – a top person is tossed into the air with the body parallel to the ground and completes a 360 degrees horizontal rotation. Flyer – the one who is lifted into he air or on top of the pyramid.

SAFETY RULES IN CHEERLEADING -

When doing stunts, be sure you always have spotter. It does not matter how easy the stunt may seem. Never stunt without a teacher or someone around. Make sure they know what you are doing before you do it. Always wear proper clothing when doing stunts. Tie up your hair, cut your fingernails, and do not wear jewelries. Make sure that everyone knows what they are doing before you attempt a stunt.

EVALUATION TOOLD FOR CHEERLEADING -

Standing Tumbling – Creativity, skill combination, quantity 30% Running Tumbling – Creativity, skill combination, quantity 30% Tumbling – Timing/synchronization. Precision, body placement control 25% Overall Effect – Show person-ship, general impression 15%...