Rice standard evaluation system PDF

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Table Of Contents STANDARD EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR RICE (SES) ..................................... 5 GROWTH STAGES OF RICE PLANTS ............................................................... 5 Agronomic Traits ............................................................................................................ 6 Leaf Senescence (Sen) .............................................................................................................6 Lodging Incidence (Lg) ..............................................................................................................6 Maturity (Mat) ............................................................................................................................6 Panicle Exsertion (Exs) .............................................................................................................6 Panicle Threshability (Thr) ........................................................................................................7 Phenotypic Acceptability (PAcp) ...............................................................................................7 Plant Height (Ht) ........................................................................................................................7 Seedling Vegetative Vigor (Vg) .................................................................................................8 Spikelet Fertility (SpFert) ...........................................................................................................8 Tillering Ability (Ti) .....................................................................................................................8

Crop Damage (diseases) ............................................................................................... 9 Viruses and Mycolplasma-like Organisms_(MLO) .................................................................... 9 Rice Diseases caused by Viruses and Mycoplasma-like Organisms (MLO) ........................................ 9 Rice Grassy Stunt 1 & 2 Disease ....................................................................................................... 10 Rice Hoja Blanca (RHBV) .................................................................................................................. 11 Rice Tungro Disease .......................................................................................................................... 11 Rice Yellow Mottle (RYM) .................................................................................................................. 12 Yellow Dwarf (YD) .............................................................................................................................. 12

BACTERIAL LEAF STREAK (BLS) ................................................................... 13 Bakanae Diseases (Bak) .........................................................................................................13 Brown Spot (BS) ......................................................................................................................13 False Smut (FSm) ...................................................................................................................14 Grain Discoloration (Gd)..........................................................................................................14 Kernel Smut (KSm) .................................................................................................................14 Leaf Blast (Bl) ..........................................................................................................................15 Leaf Scald (Ls) ........................................................................................................................16 Narrow Brown Leaf Spot (NBLS) ............................................................................................ 17 Panicle Blast (PB) ...................................................................................................................17 Sheath Blight (ShB) .................................................................................................................19 Sheath Rot (ShR) ....................................................................................................................19 Udbatta Disease (UDb) ...........................................................................................................19

Crop Damage (Insects) ................................................................................................ 20 Brown Planthopper (BPH) .......................................................................................................20 Caseworm (CW) ......................................................................................................................21 Gall Midge (GM) ......................................................................................................................21 Green Leafhopper (GLH) ........................................................................................................22 Leaffolder (LF) .........................................................................................................................22 Rice Bug (RB)..........................................................................................................................24 2

Rice Delphacid (RDel) .............................................................................................................24 Rice Whorl Maggot (RWM) .....................................................................................................24 Stem Borers (SB) ....................................................................................................................25 Thrips.......................................................................................................................................26 Whitebacked Planthopper (WBPH) .........................................................................................26

Crop Damage (Rodents and Birds) ............................................................................. 27 Bird Damage (BD) ...................................................................................................................27

RAT DAMAGE (RD) ........................................................................................... 27 Deepwater ................................................................................................................... 27 Elongation (Elon) .....................................................................................................................27 Kneeing Ability (KnA) ..............................................................................................................28 Submergence Tolerance (Sub) ...............................................................................................28

Drought ........................................................................................................................ 29 Drought Sensitivity (DRS) .......................................................................................................29 Recovery (DRR) ......................................................................................................................30

Grain Quality ................................................................................................................ 30 100-grain Weight (GW) ...........................................................................................................30 Alkali Digestion (AlkD) .............................................................................................................30 Amylose Content of the Grain (Amy) ......................................................................................30 Brown Rice Length (Len).........................................................................................................31 Brown Rice Protein (Prt)..........................................................................................................31 Brown Rice Shape (BrS) (length-width ratio) .......................................................................... 31 Chalkiness of Endosperm (Clk) ...............................................................................................31 Chalkiness of Endosperm (Clk) ...............................................................................................31 Scent (Sct) ...............................................................................................................................32 Seed Coat (bran) Color (SCC) ................................................................................................32

Morphological Characteristics ...................................................................................... 32 Variety Group ..........................................................................................................................32 Auricle Color (AC) ...................................................................................................................32 Awn Color (AnC) .....................................................................................................................32 Awning (An) .............................................................................................................................33 Basal Leaf Sheath Color (BLSC).............................................................................................33 Collar Color (CC) .....................................................................................................................33 Culm Angle (CmA) ..................................................................................................................33 Culm Internode Color (CmlC) ..................................................................................................33 Culm Length (CL) ....................................................................................................................34 Culm Number (CN) ..................................................................................................................34 Diameter of Basal Internode (DBI) ..........................................................................................34 Flag Leaf Angle (FLA) .............................................................................................................34 Grain Width (GrW)...................................................................................................................34 Leaf Angle (LA) .......................................................................................................................34 Leaf Blade Color (LBC) ...........................................................................................................35 Leaf Blade Pubescence (LBP) ................................................................................................35 3

Leaf Length (LL) ......................................................................................................................35 Leaf Width (LW) ......................................................................................................................35 Lemma and Palea Color (LmPC) ............................................................................................35 Lemma and Palea Pubescence (LmPb) .................................................................................36 Ligule Color (LgC) ...................................................................................................................36 Ligule Length (LgL) .................................................................................................................36 Ligule Shape (LS) ....................................................................................................................36 Panicle Axis (PnA) ...................................................................................................................36 Panicle Length (PnL) ...............................................................................................................36 Panicle Type (PnT) ..................................................................................................................37 Secondary Branching of Panicles (PnBr) ................................................................................37 Seedling Height (SH)...............................................................................................................37 Sterile Lemma Color (SLmc) ...................................................................................................37 Sterile Lemma Length (SLmL) ................................................................................................ 37 Stigma Color (SgC) .................................................................................................................38

Physiochemical Stress ................................................................................................. 38 Alkali Injury (Alk) and Salt Injury (Sal) .....................................................................................38 Iron Toxicity (FeTox) ...............................................................................................................39 Phosphoric Deficiency (PDef) .................................................................................................39 Zinc Deficiency (ZDef) .............................................................................................................39

Temperature ................................................................................................................ 40 Cold Tolerance (Ctol) ..............................................................................................................40 Heat Tolerance (Htol) ..............................................................................................................41

Traits for evaluation of rice hybrids and parental lines................................................. 41 Abortion Pattern of Male Sterile Lines.....................................................................................41 Degree of Male Sterility of Male Sterile Lines .........................................................................42 Extent of Outcrossing on Male Sterile Lines ...........................................................................43 Fertility Restoration of F1 Hybrids ...........................................................................................43 Male Sterility Group .................................................................................................................43 Opening of Glume of Male Sterile Linerids .............................................................................44 Panicle Exsertion of Male Sterile Lines ...................................................................................44 Stigma Exsertion of Male Sterile Lines ...................................................................................44

CULM STRENGTH (CS) .................................................................................... 45 GRAIN YIELD (YLD) .......................................................................................... 45 Index ............................................................................................................................ 46

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Standard Evaluation System for Rice (SES) Identifying promising rice germplasm with useful traits is an important activity in rice improvement. The genetic potential of breeding materials, whether developed by conventional breeding or genetic engineering, is evaluated based on phenotypic expressions in target environments with the stress of interest. Thus, an accurate and precise yet rapid and practical assessment method should be utilized. This Standard Evaluation System for Rice (SES) has been prepared to enable rice scientists from around the world to speak a common language on evaluation of rice characters. This guide has two major functions. The first is to expedite data collection, processing and analysis of multi-environment trials (METs). Although the complexity of scale and method of scale assignment varies among rice characters, the SES remains the most popular method used in mass evaluation of breeding lines. The second is to promote an interdisciplinary approach to rice improvement. Devising improved scales and assessment methods, and interpretation of results require joint efforts of scientists in concerned disciplines.

Growth Stages of Rice Plants When reporting results for specific characters, use this code to identify the stage of plant growth at which the observation was recorded. Specific applications might be sequential data on disease reaction for a season's record of epidemic buildup (e.g. blast notes at growth stages 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8).

CODE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Germination Seedling Tillering Stem elongation Booting Heading Milk stage Dough stage Mature grain

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Agronomic Traits Leaf Senescence (Sen) NOTE: It is commonly thought that rapid senescence of leaves can be detrimental to yield if the rice grains have not completely filled.

SCALE 1

At growth stage: 9

5 9

Late and slow (leaves have natural green color) Intermediate (upper leaves yellowing) Early and fast (all leaves yellow or dead)

Lodging Incidence (Lg) NOTE: Indicates % of plants that lodged. At growth stage: 6-9

Maturity (Mat) NOTE: Use the number of days from seeding to grain ripening (85% of grains on panicle are mature). At growth stage: 9

Panicle Exsertion (Exs) NOTE: The inability of panicles to exsert fully is commonly considered a genetic defect. Environmental and disease factors also attribute to such defect.

SCALE 1 3

At growth stage: 7-9

5 7 9

Well exserted Moderately well exserted Just exserted Partly exserted Enclosed

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Panicle Threshability (Thr) NOTE: Firmly grasp and pull the hand over the panicle and estimate the percentage of shattered grains. At growth stage: 9

SCALE 1

5 7 9

Difficult (less than 1%) Moderately difficult (1-5%) Intermediate (6-15%) Loose (26-50%) Easy (51-100%)

SCALE 1 3 5 7 9

Excellent Good Fair Poor Unacceptable

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Phenotypic Acceptability (PAcp) NOTE: Use actual measurment (cm) from soil surface to tip of the tallest panicle (awns excluded). For height measurements at other growth stages, specify the stage. Record in whole numbers (do not use decimals). At growth stage: 7-9

Plant Height (Ht) NOTE: Use actual measurment (cm) from soil surface to tip of the tallest panicle (awns excluded). For height measurements at other growth stages, specify the stage. Record in whole numbers (do not use decimals).

SCALE 1

5 At growth stage: 7-9

9

Semidwarf (lowland: less than 110 cm; upland: less than 90 cm Intermediate (lowland: 110-130 cm; upland (90-125 cm) Tall (lowland: more than 130 cm; upland: more than 125 cm)

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Seedling Vegetative Vigor (Vg) NOTE: Several factors may interact, influencing SCALE seedling vigor (e.g. tillering ability, plant height, 1 etc.). Use this scale for evaluating genetic material and varieties under stress and non-stress conditions. At growth stage: Seedling vigor: 2 Vegetative vigor: 3

3

5 7

9

Extra vigorous (very fast growing; plants at 5-6 leaf stage have 2 or more tillers in majority of population) Vigorous (fast growing; plants at 4-5 stage have 1-2 tillers in majority of population) Normal (plant at 4leaf stage) Weak (plants somewhat stunted; 34 leaves; thin population; no tiller formation Very weak (stunted growth; yellowing of leaves

Spikelet Fertility (SpFert) NOTE: Identify the fertile spikelets by pressing t...