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BIOL1049 Human Physiology 100

Study Period 2&3 Exams,

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Pharmacy and Medical Sciences EXAMINATION BIOL1049 Human Physiology 100 This paper is for City East students.

Examination Duration:

180 minutes

Reading Time:

10 minutes

ForExaminerUseOnly Question

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Exam Conditions:

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Extra time and bilingual dictionary provision allowed for ENTEXT eligible students 

This exam is closed book  

Materials Permitted In The Exam Venue: 

(No electronic aids are permitted e.g. laptops, phones) none

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Materials To Be Supplied To Students:

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1 x Number of 8pg answer booklets per student

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1 x Number of MCQ answer sheets per student

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1 x Number of Attendance Slips for School per student

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Instructions To Students:

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Part A: 40 multiple choice questions worth a total of 40 marks and should be answered on the answer sheet provided.

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Part B: 40 reading questions worth a total of 40 marks and should be answered in the lined exam booklet provided.

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Part C: extended response questions worth a total of 40 marks and should be answered in the lined exam booklet provided.

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BIOL1049 Human Physiology 100

PARTA:Multiplechoicequestions,eachworth1mark.Usethepinkanswersheetprovided.  CellBiology  1.Theprocessofbloodclottingis a) Notrelatedtohomeostasisbutisanormalbodyfunction b) Anexampleofnegativefeedback c) Involvesareceptorbutnotaneffector d) Anexampleofpositivefeedback e) Involvesaneffectorandnotareceptor  2.Whichofthefollowingcomponentsofthecytoskeletonisassociatedwithmoving chromosomesduringcelldivision? a) Nisslbodies b) Microfilaments c) Microtubules d) Thickfilaments e) Intermediatefilaments  3.Iftheconcentrationofsoluteintheinterstitialfluidsurroundingcellsdecreasesthen a) thecellswillshrink b) thecellswillswell c) theinterstitialfluidwillbecomeisotonic d) theinterstitialfluidwillbecomehypertonic e) thecellswillnotchange  4.Thestageinacell’slifecycleinwhichthecellperformsitsnormalfunctionsandpreparesfor divisioniscalled a) anaphase b) prophase c) interphase d) metaphase e) telophase  5.Atransportprocessisfoundexperimentallytohaveasaturationlimit.Whichofthefollowing transportprocesseswouldthispropertybeassociatedwith? a) diffusion b) carrier‐mediatedtransport c) activetransport d) vesicletransport e) energy‐dependenttransport  TissuesandMembranes  6.Functionsofepitheliaincludeallofthefollowingexcept a) providingphysicalprotection b) enhancingdiffusion c) absorption d) secretion e) supportingmusclecells 

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BIOL1049 Human Physiology 100

7.Whichofthefollowingarefunctionsofconnectivetissues? a) protectionfromtheenvironment b) providingaframeworkforthebody c) storingenergy d) BandC e) Noneoftheabove  8.Epitheliacanbefound a) inbone b) liningglands c) inskin d) inligaments e) A,BandCabove  9.Whichofthefollowingwouldyouexpecttofindindenseconnectivetissues? a) keratin b) melanocytesandcollagen c) fibrocytesandcollagen d) erythrocytesandmacrophages e) mesenchymalcells  10.Perichondriumandperiosteum a) consistofadiposeandmesenchymalcells b) containonlyamatrixofproteins c) areirregularconnectivetissuesaroundcartilageandbone d) areconnectivetissuesaroundbon e) consistofcollagencells  Nervoussystem  11.Voltagegatedcalciumchannelsarepresent a) atthemotorendplate. b) onthecellbodyandsurfaceofdendrites. c) alongaxons. d) ataxonterminals. e) alongtheperikaryonofneurons.  12.Thefunctionaldivisionoftheperipheralnervoussystem(PNS)thatcarriessensoryinformation tothecentralnervoussystem(CNS)isthe a) motordivision b) afferentdivision c) efferentdivisions d) autonomicdivision e) somaticdivision  13.Whichofthefollowingisnotafunctionofthenervoussystem? a) Sensetheinternalandexternalenvironments b) Integratesensoryinformation c) Coordinatesvoluntaryandinvoluntaryactivities d) Directslong‐termfunctions,suchasgrowth e) Controlsperipheraleffectors

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BIOL1049 Human Physiology 100

14.Whichtypeofsynapseismostcommoninthenervoussystem? a) Chemical b) Electrical c) Mechanical d) Processing e) Radiative  15.Mostcentralnervoussystem(CNS)neuronslackcentrioles.Thisobservationexplains a) whyCNSneuronsgrowsuchlongaxons b) whyCNSneuronscannotregenerate c) theabilityofneuronstogenerateanactionpotential d) theabilityofneuronstocommunicatewitheachother e) theabilityofneuronstoproducearestingpotential  MusclePhysiology  16.Sarcomeres a) containthickactinfilaments b) arethestructuralunitofmusclecontraction c) containthinmyosinfilaments d) arecomposedofmusclefibres e) containmanynuclei  17.Acetylcholineinitiatesmusclecontractionby a) bindingtoreceptorsonthemusclecellandinducingavoltagechangethroughoutthe sarcoplasmicreticulum b) bindingtotroponin,revealingbindingsitesforactin c) closingNa+channels d) removingCa2+ionsfromthesarcomere e) bindingtodopaminereceptors  18.Striatedmuscle a) linesbloodvessels b) onlymuscleundervoluntarycontrol c) includescardiac,smoothandskeletalmuscle d) includescardiacandskeletalmuscle e) canbefoundintheuterus  19.Smoothmuscle a) isundervoluntaryandinvoluntarycontrol b) canbefoundintheeye,uterusandbloodvessels c) canbefoundintheeyeandheart d) isknownforitsrapidcontraction e) isstriated  20.Skeletalmuscles a) arearrangedinantagonisticpairs b) arealwaysundervoluntarycontrol c) areattachedtomusclesbycartilage d) arenamedaccordingtosarcomerenumber e) alloftheabove

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BIOL1049 Human Physiology 100

Cardiovascularsystem  21.Exchangebetweenabloodvesselandthecellsthatsurrounditcanoccuronlyin a) veins b) capillaries c) arteries d) venules e) arterioles  22.Duringexercise a) venousreturnincreases. b) venousreturnincreasesandvasodilationoccursattheactiveskeletalmuscles. c) bothcardiacoutputandstrokevolumeincrease. d) vasodilationoccursattheactiveskeletalmuscles. e) Alloftheanswersarecorrect.  23.Whichstatementbestdescribestheroleoftheautonomicnervoussystem(ANS)inthe regulationofheartrate: a) thecardioaccelatorycentrecontrolstheactivityofparasympatheticneuronstoincreases heartrate. b) innervationoftheheartbythesympatheticnervoussystemcanincreaseheartrateand contractilityoftheheart. c) thecardioinhibitorycentrecontrolstheactivityofsympatheticneuronstodecreaseheart rate. d) acetylcholine,releasedbyneuronsthatarepartoftheparasympatheticnervoussystem, decreasesheartrate. e) optionsbanddtogether  24.Bloodcolloidosmoticpressureisproducedby a) b) c) d) e)

largenon‐diffusibleproteinsinthebloodplasma. osmosisofwater agreatersaltconcentrationinbloodcells. hypertonicsolutionsseparatedbyacellmembrane theforceofbloodpushingagainstthevesselwall

 25.Whencarotidandaorticbaroreceptorsreducetheiroutput a) bothheartrateandstrokevolumeincrease. b) theheartratewilldecreasetolowerbloodpressure. c) heartratedecreases. d) heartrateincreases. e) Noneoftheabovearecorrect  Respiratorysystem  26.Therespiratorymembraneofthegasexchangesurfacesconsistsof a) ciliatedsquamousepithelium. b) moistcuboidalepithelium. c) simplesquamousepithelium. d) surfactantcells. e) pseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarepithelium. 

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BIOL1049 Human Physiology 100

27.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutFick’slawofdiffusion?Fick’slaw… a) …statesthattherateofdiffusionisinverselyproportionaltothesurfaceareaofthe membrane. b) …statesthatpressureisinverselyproportionaltovolume. c) …statesthattherateofdiffusionisdirectlyproportionaltothethicknessofthegas exchangemembrane. d) …statesthattherateofdiffusionisdirectlyproportionaltothepartialpressuredifferenceof thegasacrossthegasexchangemembrane. e) …governsthevolumeofairthatflowsintothelungduringpulmonaryventilation.  28.Whichofthefollowingstatementsonthecontrolofbreathingiscorrect?Controlof breathing… a) …involvesanegativefeedbackloopbetweensensors,thespinalcordandtherespiratory muscles. b) …involvescentralchemoreceptorsrespondingtochangesinpHofthecerebrospinalfluid. c) …involvescentralandperipheralchemoreceptorsthatsensetheconcentrationofoxygenin theblood. d) …isregulatedbybreathingcontrolcentressituatedinthecarotidarteries. e) …ispredominantlystimulatedbylowoxygenconcentrationsinthebloodandcerebrospinal fluid.  29.Thehaemoglobin‐oxygendissociationcurve a) Demonstrates~100%saturationwithCO2atthelungs b) CanbeshiftedtotherightbydecreasingH+andpCO2 c) CanbeshiftedtotheleftbyincreasingH+andpCO2 d) CanbeshiftedtotherightbyincreasingH+andpCO2 e) DemonstratesrapiddesaturationassoonasplasmapO2decreasesbelow80mmHg.  30.Hyperventilatingbeforeadive: a) Ispractisedtoincreasetheamountofoxygeninthelung. b) IsnotagoodideabecauseitincreasestheamountofCO2inthelungs. c) CausesbothCO2andO2inthebloodtoincrease. d) CausesCO2inthebloodtodecreasewhereasO2remainsunchanged. e) CausesblackoutsbecauseCO2reachescriticallyhighlevels.  Digestivesystem  31.Allofthefollowingaretrueoftheintestinalphaseofgastricdigestion,exceptthatit a) precedesthegastricphase b) functionstocontroltherateofgastricemptying c) involvesbothneuralandendocrinereflexes d) helpsensurethatthefunctionsofthesmallintestineproceedwithrelativeefficiency e) beginswhenchymeentersthesmallintestine  32.Whichofthefollowingisnotafunctionofthedigestivesystem? a) Mechanicalprocessing b) Absorption c) Filtration d) Compaction e) ingestion 

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BIOL1049 Human Physiology 100

33.Lacteals a) increasethesurfaceareaofthemucosaofthesmallintestine b) carryabsorbedfatstothelymphaticsystem c) producenewcellsforthemucosaofthesmallintestine d) secretedigestiveenzymes e) producemilk  34.Theabsorptionofsomesugarsinthesmallintestineinvolves a) Osmosis b) Diffusion c) Facilitateddiffusion d) Cotransport e) Activetransport  35.Chiefcellssecrete a) Pepsinogen b) Gastrin c) Mucus d) Hydrochloricacid e) Intrinsicfactor  Skeletalsystem  36.Whichofthefollowingisafunctionoftheskeletalsystem? a) secretionandabsorption b) contraction c) storageofminerals d) a,bandcabove e) communication  37.Epiphyseallineswouldbefound a) inthecentreofthediaphysis b) inosteons c) inyellowmarrowofchildren d) inlongbonesofchildren e) inlongbonesofadults  38.Osteons a) arepartofspongybone b) givespongyboneitsstrength c) containmelanocytes d) haveacentralcanalwithbloodvessels e) donotcontaincollagen  39.Cellsthatsecretetheorganiccomponentsofthebonematrixarecalled a) osteoprogenitorcells. b) osteoidcells. c) osteoblasts. d) osteoclasts. e) osteocytes. 

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BIOL1049 Human Physiology 100

40.Theprocessofendochondralossificationbeginswiththeformationofa(n) a) cartilagemodel. b) membranousmodel. c) calcifiedmodel. d) osteoidmodel. e) fibrousconnective‐tissuemodel.  

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BIOL1049 Human Physiology 100

PARTB:Readingquestions,eachworth1mark.Answer inthelinedexamanswerbook provided.  CellBiology  1.Theintracellularcomponentofacelliscalledthe________  2.Thethreemaincytoskeletalfilamentsarethemicrofilaments,intermediatefilamentsand ________ 3.A________isthethreebasecodeforanaminoacid.  4.Ifasolutionis________waterwillmoveintoacellvia________  5.Thedegradationofbacteriainsideacellisbythemechanismcalled________  TissuesandMembranes  6.________tissuealwayshasanapicalandbasalsurface.  7.Epitheliumisconnectedtounderlyingconnectivetissuebya________  8.A________cellproducestheproteinfibresinareolarconnectivetissue.  9.Thecellsthatrespondtoinjurybydividingtoassistinconnectivetissuerepairarecalled ________  10.The________isaspecialisedconnectivetissuesthatlinestheinnersurfaceofjointcapsules.  NervousSystem  11.ThemyelinsheaththatcoversmanyCNSaxonsisformedbyglialcellscalled________  12.Ashiftoftherestingtransmembranepotentialtoward‐70mViscalled________.   13.Astimulusthatchangesapostsynapticneuron'smembranefromrestingpotentialto‐85mV isa(n)________stimulus.  14.DepolarisationofthepostsynapticmembranewhenEPSPsarriveinrapidsuccessioniscalled ________summation.  15.Thetransferofinformationbetweenneuronsiscalled________  MusclePhysiology  16.Atrest,myosinbindingsitesontheactinareblockedby________  17.Theseriesofmembranouschannelsthatsurroundeachmyofibrilandstorecalciumiscalled the  18.Theactionpotentialinskeletalmusclefibresisfirstgeneratedonthe________ 

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BIOL1049 Human Physiology 100

19.Whichionismostdirectlyresponsibleforthecouplingofexcitationandcontractionof skeletalmusclefibres?  20.Themovementofthemyosinheadintoa‘cocked’positioniscausedbythe________  CardiovascularSystem  21.Pulmonaryarteriescarrybloodtothe_______.  22.Theinferiorvenacavaisclassifiedasa(n)_______.  23.Themaincontrolofperipheralresistanceoccursinthe_______.  24.Resistanceisaforcethat_______theflowofblood.  25.Theleftventriclepumpsbloodtothe_______.  RespiratorySystem  26.Gasexchangebetweenairandcirculatingbloodtakesplacewithinthe_______.  27.DamagetothetypeIIpneumocytesofthelungswouldaffectaperson’sabilitytobreathe duetoareductionin_______.  28.Lowpartialpressureofoxygenintissuesisaconditioncalled_______.  29.Ifthevolumeofthelungincreases,theairpressureinsidethelung_______.  30.Theamountofairthatmovesintotherespiratorysystemduringasinglerespiratorycycleis calledthe________.  DigestiveSystem  31.Muscularcontractionsthatpropelthebolusalongtheoesophagusiscalled________.  32.The________isresponsibleforthedehydrationandcompactionofindigestiblematerials.  33.Theregionofthestomachthatemptiesintotheduodenumisthe________.  34.Theenzymepepsindigests________.  35.Acidicchyme,thatentersthesmallintestinefromthestomachisneutralisedby________ secretedfromthe________.  SkeletalSystem  36.Stemcellsthatcandifferentiateintoosteoblastsarecalled________cells.  37.________attachskeletalmusclestobones,and________connectonebonetoanother.  38.Osteogeniccellsdifferentiateinto__________.

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BIOL1049 Human Physiology 100

39.Theformationofbonebeginswhenosteoblastssecrete__________fibres.  40.Duringtheprocessof________,anexistingtissueisreplacedbybone.

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BIOL1049 Human Physiology 100

PARTC:Extendedresponsequestions.Answerinthelinedexamanswerbookprovided. 1.Organellesarespecializedstructureswithincellsthathaveaspecificfunction.Explainhowthe structureofcellsdiffersdependingonitslocationwithinourphysiology [5marks]  2.Movementinthehumanbodyismadepossiblebyproteinfilaments.Explainthisstatementin termsofbothmuscletissueandconnectivetissues.    [5marks] 3.Describetheprocessofneurotransmissionandhowpresynapticinhibitionwouldaffectthis process         [7marks] 4.Discusstheroleofionsinmusclecontraction





[5marks]

5.Whyisitapotentialproblemiftheheartbeatstoorapidly? 



[3marks]



6.DescribeandexplainthesignificanceoftherelationshipbetweenplasmapO2and% Haemoglobinsaturationandexplainthesignificanceoftheshapeofthecurve. [5marks] 7.Describetheusualpathwayforthedigestionandabsorptionofproteins. [5marks] 8.Describetheprocessoffracturerepairstartingfromtheinitialbonebreak.Whatisthe differencebetweenanopenandclosedfracture?    [5marks]    

ENDOFEXAMINATION

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