SET 9 - Mariam Harkas PDF

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Mariam Harkas...

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SET 9 -cele Word suffix: hernia, tumor, swelling.

cyst/o Word part: urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid.

diaWord prefix: through, between, apart, complete.

-ectasis Word suffix: stretching, dilation, enlargement.

glomerul/o Word part: glomerulus.

lith/o Word part: stone, calculus.

-lysis Word suffix: breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening.

nephr/o Word part: kidney.

-pexy Word suffix: surgical fixation.

pyel/o Word part: renal pelvis, bowl of kidney.

-tripsy Word suffix: to crush.

ur/o Word part: urine, urinary tract.

ureter/o Word part: ureter.

urethr/o Word part: urethra.

-uria Word suffix: urination, urine.

homeostasis The process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment.

urea The major waste product of protein metabolism.

urine A typically sterile liquid by-product of the body secreted by the kidneys through a process called urination and excreted through the urethra.

urinary tract

Also referred to as the urinary system, consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one bladder, and a urethra.

kidneys Structures of the urinary system which constantly filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water.

renal Term which means pertaining to the kidneys.

retroperitoneal Means pertaining to being located behind the peritoneum.

peritoneum The membrane that lines the abdominal cavity.

renal cortex The outer region of the kidney.

cortex The outer portion of an organ.

medulla The inner region of the kidney.

tubule A small tube.

nephron

A functional unit of the kidney. These units form urine by the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

reabsorption The return to the blood of some of the substances that were removed during filtration.

glomerulus Contained inside the nephron, a cluster of capillaries surrounded by a cup-shaped membrane called the Bowman's capsule.

urochrome The pigment that gives urine its normal yellow-amber or straw color.

renal pelvis The funnel-shaped area within each kidney that is surrounded by renal cortex and medulla. This is where the newly formed urine collects before it flows into the ureters.

ureters Two narrow tubes, each about 10-12 inches long, which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder.

peristalsis A series of wave-like contractions, moves urine down each ureter to the bladder.

ureteral orifices The opening of a ureter into the urinary bladder

urinary bladder A hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine before it is excreted from the body.

trigone The smooth triangular area on the inner surface of the bladder located between the openings of the ureters and urethra.

urethra The tube extending from the bladder to the outside of the body.

urinary sphincters Located at either end of the urethra, control the flow of urine from the bladder into the urethra and out of the urethra through the urethral meatus.

sphincter A ring-like muscle that closes a passageway.

urethral meatus Also known as the urinary MEATUS, is the external opening of the urethra.

meatus The external opening of a canal.

female urethra Approximately 1.5 inches long, its urethral meatus is located between the clitoris and the opening of the vagina, and it conveys only urine.

male urethra Approximately 8 inches long, its urethral meatus is located at the tip of the penis, and it transports both urine and semen.

prostate gland

Part of the male reproductive system which surrounds the urethra. The function is to secrete a slightly acidic fluid, milky in appearance, that usually constitutes 20-30% of the volume of the semen.

urination Also known as voiding or micturition, is the normal process of excreting urine.

nephrologist A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys.

urologist A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males.

genitourinary Refers to both the genital and urinary organs.

renal failure Also known as kidney failure, is the inability of one or both of the kidneys to perform their functions.

uremia Also known as uremic poisoning, is a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea is retained in the blood.

acute renal failure (ARF) Pathology of the urinary system which has sudden onset and is characterized by uremia.

chronic renal failure

The progressive loss of RENAL function, sometimes leading to uremia, which is caused by a variety of conditions such as kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, or hypertension.

end-stage renal disease (ESRD) Refers to the late stages of chronic renal failure in which there is irreversible loss of the function of both kidneys....