SET 2 - Mariam Harkas PDF

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Mariam Harkas...

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SET 2 Anatomic Position Standing straight, palms facing forward

Midsagittal This vertical plane, aka the midline divides the body into equal left and right halves

Sagittal This vertical plane divides the body into unequal left and right portions

Frontal This vertical plane aka the coronal divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back)

Transverse This horizontal plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions. This plane can be at any other level across the body

Ventral Front, or belly side of the organ (body direction)

Dorsal Back side of the organ (body direction)

Anterior Situated in the front (body direction)

Posterior Situated in the back (body direction)

Superior Uppermost, above, or toward the head (body direction)

Inferior Lowermost, below, or toward the feet (body direction)

Cephalic Toward the head (body direction)

Caudal Toward the lower part of the body (body direction)

Proximal Situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure (body direction)

Distal Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure (body direction)

Medial The direction toward or nearer the midline (body direction)

Lateral The direction toward or nearer the side and away from the midline (body direction)

Transverse

Frontal

Sagittal

Dorsal (Cavity) Located along the back of the body and head, contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions

Dorsal (Cavity) This cavity contains the cranial cavity and spinal cavity

Cranial (Cavity) This cavity is located within the skull, it surrounds and protects the brain

Spinal (Cavity) This cavity is located within the spinal column, it surrounds and protects the spinal cord

Ventral (Cavity) This cavity is located along the front of the body and contains the organs which maintain homeostasis

Ventral (Cavity) This cavity contains the thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, and the pelvic cavity

Thoracic (Cavity) This cavity is also known as the chest cavity or thorax, it surrounds and protects the heart and lungs

Diaphragm A muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Abdominal (Cavity) This cavity contains primarily the major organs of digestion

Pelvic (Cavity) This cavity is the space formed by the hip bones and contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems

Abdominopelvic (Cavity) The cavity referring to the area which combines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Inguinal Referring to the groin

Groin The crease at the junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh

Abdominal (Region) Made up of invisible quadrants, this region helps to better describe where organs and pain are located

Thorax (Region) Made up of nine parts, this region helps to better describe where organs and pain are located

Hypochondriac (Region/s) This region is located on the left and right sides of the body and is covered by the lower ribs

Hypochondriac Below the ribs

Epigastric (Region) This region is located above the stomach

Epigastric Above the stomach

Lumbar (Region) This region is located on the left and right sides near the inward curve of the spine

Lumbar Lower back between the ribs and the pelvis

Umbilical (Region) This region surrounds the umbilicus

Iliac (Region) This region is located on the left and right sides over the hip bones, it is named for the wide portion of the hip bone

Hypogastric (Region) This region is located below the stomach

Hypogastric Below the stomach

Abdominal (Region)

This region is made up of the right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), and left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Peritoneum A multi-layered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity

Membrane A thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or organ

Parietal Peritoneum The outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall

Parietal Meaning cavity wall

Visceral Peritoneum The inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity

Visceral Relating to the internal organs

Mesentery A fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

Retroperitoneal Located behind the peritoneum

Peritonitis Inflammation of the peritoneum

Cells The basic structural and functional units of the body, the are specialized and grouped together to form tissues and organs

Cytology The study of the anatomy, physiology, pathology, and chemistry of the cell

Cell Membrane The tissue that surrounds and protects the contents of the cell by separating them from its external environment

Cytoplasm The material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

Plasm Formative material of cells

cyt/o Cell (word root)

Stem Cell(s) Unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

Adult Stem Cell(s) Also known as somatic cells, these cells are undifferentiated and found among differentiated cells in a tissue or organ. The primary role of these cells is to maintain and repair the tissue in which they are found

Undifferentiated Not having a specialized function or structure

Differentiated Having a specialized function or structure

Hemopoietic Meaning blood forming

Graft Versus Host Disease Condition that occurs following bone marrow transplant in which the immune cells in the transplanted marrow produce antibodies against the host's tissues

Embryonic Stem Cell(s) Undifferentiated cells that are unlike any specific adult cell, but have the ability to form any adult cell. Found in cord blood and the placenta at birth

Gene(s) A fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity

Genetics The study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the role of genes in health and disease

Dominant When this type of gene is inherited from either parent, the offspring will inherit that genetic condition or characteristic

Recessive

When this type of gene is inherited from both parents, the offspring will have that condition or characteristic

Recessive When this type of gene is inherited from only one parent, and a normal gene is inherited from the other, the offspring will not have that condition or characteristic

Genome The complete set of genetic information of an individual

Chromosome The genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell

Chromosome Each _______________ contains about 100,000 genes

Somatic Cell(s) Any cell in the body except the gametes

Somatic Pertaining to the body in general

Sex Cell(s) Also known as a gamete, is the only type of cell which does not contain 46 chromosomes but instead contains 23 single chromosomes

XY Male chromosome pair

XX Female chromosome pair

Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA

DNA Located on the pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell

DNA Packaged in a chromosome as two spiraling strands that twist together to form a double helix

Helix A shape twisted like a spiral staircase

Double Helix Two staircase shapes twisted together

Erythrocytes DNA is found in the nucleus of all types of cells except ________________, because they do not have a nucleus

Genetic Mutation A change of the sequence of a DNA molecule which can be caused by exposure to radiation or environmental pollution

Somatic Cell Mutation A change within the cells of the body which affect the individual but cannot be transmitted to the next generation

Gametic Cell Mutation A change within the genes in a gamete that can be transmitted by a parent to his or her children...