Shs ucsp q2 mod5 Government-Programs-and-Initiatives PDF

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Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Quarter 2 – Module 5: Government Programs and Initiatives in Addressing Social Inequalities

Reading and Writing – Senior High School Quarter 2 – Module 5: Government Programs and Initiatives in Addressing Social Inequalities First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education – Region XI Regional Director: Evelyn R. Fetalvero Assistant Regional Director: Maria Ines C. Asuncion Development Team of the Module Writers: Harold L. Quitoriano Reviewers: John B. Visillas, Neil Edward D. Diaz, Divilyn M. Rodriguez Ana Lorma A. Dahiroc Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz Management Team: Evelyn R. Fetalvero

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Mary Jeanne B. Aldeguer

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Analiza C. Almazan

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Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics Quarter 2 – Module 5: Government Programs and Initiatives in Addressing Social Inequalities

Introductory Message For the facilitator: As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their own learning at home. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner: As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different activities in the module. As you go through the different activities of this module be reminded of the following: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other activities. 3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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Let Us Learn The focus of this module is to study the Government Programs and Initiatives in Addressing Social Inequalities (local, national, global). At the end of the lesson the students are expected to: a. identify the programs of local government in addressing social inequalities; b. explain the programs and initiatives of the Philippine national government to address social inequalities; and c. write a reflection paper on the current status of gender equality in the Philippine Society.

Let Us Try Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. The following are social programs of the Philippine government to alleviate Filipinos from poverty, EXCEPT: a. Social pension c. Unconditional Cash Transfer b. Pantawid Pamilya d. Nutrition Month C 2. It is also known as the Global Goals which aims to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030. a. Philippine Development Plan c. ASEAN Summit b. LGU’s Plan and Action d. Sustainable Development Goals 3. It refers to the relational processes in society that have the effect of limiting or harming a group's social status, social class, and social circle. a. gender inequality c. racism b. social inequality d. ethnocentrism 4. The following are programs under Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations Development Programme, EXCEPT: a. No poverty c. No Illegal Gambling b. Zero hunger d. Gender Equality

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5. The program of the National government that grants free tuition and miscellaneous fees in state colleges and universities. a. Pantawid Pasada Program c. Republic Act No. 10931 b. Pantawid Pamilya Program d. Republic Act No. 9994 6. It is a social program of the government that aims to provide cash assistance to poor households who may not directly benefit from the tax cuts provided by TRAIN law but affected by inflation. a. Pantawid Pasada Program c. Unconditional Cash Transfer b. Social pension d. Conditional Cash Transfer 7. The Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program focuses mainly in three aspects, EXCEPT: a. Health c. Nutrition b. Pension d. Education 8. It is an act providing for the rehabilitation and self-Reliance of disabled persons and their integration into the mainstream of society. a. The Magna Carta of Teachers c. Republic Act 10931 b. The Magna Carta for Disabled Persons d. Republic Act 11310 9. It aims to provide cash assistance to extremely poor families and break the cycle of intergenerational poverty. a. Program Pamilya Program c. Republic Act No. 10931 b. Pantawid Pasada d. Republic Act No. 9994 10 . The Philippine social program that gives qualified indigent senior citizens a monthly cash assistance for their basic and medical needs.

a. Pantawid Pasada Program b. Pantawid Pamilya Program

c. Republic Act No. 10931 d. Republic Act No. 9994

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Let Us Study Addressing Social Inequalities in the Philippines

The Philippines is one of the countries in the world where cases of social disparity are evident and economic inequalities are high. Poverty, as a form of social inequality, has created a huge gap between the poorest sectors in the society and the financially well-off individuals. The social standings of the poor worsen due to the unprecedented disasters the country has faced in the past months. It is not a surprise, then, why those below the poverty line cry the same sentiment that the rich get richer, while the poor get poorer. Despite the various anti-poor programs of the government in the past, the struggle against economic and social inequality remain and continue to cripple some sectors in the Philippine society. According to the National Economic and Development Authority, the success in reducing inequality and poverty in the Philippines “hinges on providing the poor and the vulnerable with equal access to economic opportunities and basic services such as health and education” (NEDA, 2014). The uphill battle against social inequality can only be overcome with a shared responsibility and mutual cooperation between the government, private sectors and citizens. But the government’s role, however, to make the basic necessities and opportunities accessible to the people are essential in this endeavor. It is in this lens that the government can act promptly to let economic opportunities be felt among the poorest sectors in the society especially to our hardworking farmers and fishermen and make health and education accessible to the people.

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It is noteworthy to mention that in the official poverty statistics in 2018, there has been a positive development in addressing over-all income and reducing social inequality. According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, the poverty rate dropped from 23.5 million in 2015 to 17.6 million in 2018 that is a promising poverty reduction rate from 23.3 percent to 16.6 percent, respectively (Mapa, 2019). Considering the data above let us be optimistic that the programs and initiatives of the Philippine government will continue to create positive impact in the lives of the Filipino people in the succeeding years. Let us then examine some of the programs of the Philippine government and initiatives of United Nations Development Programme to address social inequalities in the national and global levels. The Philippines’ Conditional Cash Transfer Program: Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) One of Philippine government’s social assistance is the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. This has been the government’s strategy in alleviating the Filipino people from poverty in the past years. The basic idea of the program is to provide cash assistance to extremely poor families in the country provided that they follow the conditions set by the government. The program includes three important aspects: Health, Nutrition and Education. The program ensures physical and intellectual developments outlining the approach - sound body, sound mind. And so, the members of the program can avail freely the following benefits: health check-ups for pregnant women and children aged 0 to 5; deworming of schoolchildren aged 6 to 14; and enrollment of children from kindergarten to high school. The program hopes to uplift the conditions of the poorest sectors in the Philippine society and enjoy human development in general (DSWD, 2019). The table below shows the household coverage and budget from 2016-2019. Table 1 Year 2016 2017 2018 2019

Household Coverage 4,620,630 4,402,253 4,400,000 4,400,000 4

Budget P62,665,628,000 P78,186,551,000 P89,408,303,000 P88,106,324,000

Source: DSWD, 2019,

According to the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), as of January 31, 2020 the Pantawid Pamilya Program has already served 5, 066, 899 poor households nationwide. Since its implementation in 2008, the unwavering commitment of the program to reach poverty-stricken communities in the different parts of the country remains. To further strengthen the program President Rodrigo Roa Duterte signed the Republic Act No. 11310 or an Act institutionalizing the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Official Gazette, 2019).

FREE COLLEGE EDUCATION One of life’s great equalizers is education. As a basic human right, education must be made accessible to all people most especially to the poorest sectors in the society where it is the only hope for them to uplift their lives. And no less than the Philippine constitution promotes the right of every Filipino to quality education. For this reason, the Philippine government institutionalizes the Republic Act No. 10931 or the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act (UAQTEA) in 2018. Under this program Filipino students can enjoy free tuition and miscellaneous fees in state colleges and universities (Montemayor, 2018). According to the Philippine News Agency, the signing of the memorandum of agreement of the full implementation of the UAQTEA was held at Malacañang. It was participated by the representatives of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), State Universities and Colleges (SUCs), and Local Universities and Colleges (LUCs) with President Rodrigo Duterte as witness (Montemayor, 2018). The table below shows the budget allocation for the school year 2018-2019. PHP16 billion Free Higher Education PHP16 billion Tertiary Education Subsidy (TES) PHP7 billion Technical-Vocational Education (TVET) PHP1 billion Student Loan Program Source: Philippine News Agency, 2018

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According to the Philippine News Agency, around 1.3 million students did not pay their tuition and miscellaneous fees in the school year 2018-2019 (Montemayor, 2020). This is truly a promising program that gives opportunity to the poorest sectors in the society to have an access to quality tertiary education. It is with the highest hope that those poor but deserving students can continue to realize their dreams who shall then be the future workforce of our country. SOCIAL PENSION One dimension of social inequality is the minority especially the ill and forsaken elderly. They are oftentimes left behind when it comes to priority in social assistance and programs. Fortunately, the Philippine government pays tribute to the senior citizens for their contributions in nation building by passing into law the Republic Act No. 9994 or the Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010. Under SocPen, the qualified senior citizens receive cash assistance amounting to P500 per month to be given in a monthly or semestral basis. The program clearly specifies the qualified beneficiaries: to wit; the senior citizens who are frail, sickly or with disability; without a permanent source of income and without any pension from other government agencies (PNA, 2020). According to the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), as of April 29, 2020 they have given benefits to 227,876 indigent senior citizens from the different regions in the country equivalent to more than P674 million (PNA, 2020).

UNCONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFER

In order to protect the poor and vulnerable on the impact of TRAIN law the government initiates a mitigating measure – the Unconditional Cash Transfer Program. Under this program the poor households receive cash assistance who may not directly benefit from the tax cuts provided by TRAIN but affected by inflation. Unlike in Conditional Cash Transfer which requires conditions to be followed, the Unconditional Cash Transfer requires no criteria upon the recipient’s actions.

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According to the Department of Finance, under the 2019 national budget around P18.39 billion was released from July 2019 to March 2020 to 5,108,330 UCT recipients with an amount equivalent to P3, 600 per beneficiary-household. The beneficiaries are composed of the members of 4Ps, Senior Citizens Act of 2010 and poor households identified by DSWD (DOF, 2020).

Pantawid Pasada Program With the implementation of TRAIN law some sectors of the Philippine society are starting to feel it. This includes our jeepney drivers whose daily income is only enough for the daily subsistence of their families. In response to this, the government initiates the Pantawid Pasada Program to grant fuel subsidy to eligible beneficiaries. According to the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB), last 2018 there were around 179,000 valid franchise holders of Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJ) nationwide who were given Pantawid Fuel card containing P5,000 valid only for fuel purchases (LTFRB, 2018). Another crucial step of the Philippine government to alleviate millions of Filipinos from poverty is through the Comprehensive Tax Reform Program (CTRP). The current administration believes that an efficient tax program is needed to boost the capacity of the government to reduce poverty and to address inequality in a long term basis. With the mitigating measures of the government to the impact brought forth of the program to the poorest sectors, it has become a promising strategy that will address social inequalities in the years to come. At present, the initial package, the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion (TRAIN) law, has been implemented and in the succeeding years other packages will follow as part of the tax reform with the highest hope to generate more revenues to fund infrastructures and create opportunities to the underprivileged and marginalized sectors in the society (DOF, 2019).

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Global Initiatives to End Inequality

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs ) were adopted by all Member States of United Nations in 2015. It has 17 Global Goals which advocates a balance development in social, economic, and environmental sustainability. More and more Countries in the world recognize the interrelatedness of the different dimensions of human and societal developments, and thus a holistic approach is needed to address the social inequalities in the world. Further, the members have committed to fasttrack progress of the least, the last and the lost in response to the increasing incidents of people who are left behind. With the collective efforts of stakeholders, the SGDs hope to make the world free from poverty, hunger, AIDS and discrimination against women and persons with disabilities (UNDP, 2020).

Let Us Practice Directions: Identify the programs of your local government in addressing the dimensions of social inequalities shown in the pictures below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

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What can you say about the situations illustrated in the above pictures? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Do you think the social programs of the government are effective in addressing their situations? Why or Why not? _________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

Let Us Practice More Directions: Identify the programs of your local government in addressing the dimensions of social inequalities provided below and give a brief description. Dimensions of Social Programs of your local Description Inequality government Homeless Families Out of School Youth Unemployment Persons with Disabilities Frail and sickly elderly

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Let Us Remember Directions: Provide the correct meaning of the acronym of the following Philippine Social Programs and Government Agencies. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. UAQTEA – 2. UCT 3. TRAIN 4. DSWD – 5. CTRP – 6. 4Ps – 7. SDGs– 8. NEDA – 9. DBM – 10. SUCs -

Let Us Assess Directions: Explain the following programs of the Philippine national government to address social inequalities. Discuss their significance and impact in the lives of the Filipino people. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps)__________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act___________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010 or Social Pension__________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

4. Unconditional Cash Transfer _________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5. Pantawid Pasada Program ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

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Let Us Enhance Directions: Identify the terms described in each item. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program The Expanded Senior Citizens Act

Pantawid Pasada Program

TRAIN Law

Unconditional Cash Transfer Sustainable Development Goals

The Magna Carta for Disabled Persons

Social Inequality

Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act Republic Act No. 9710 or the The Magna Carta of Women _____________1. Due to economic inequalities, the gap between the rich and the

poor in the Philippine society has become evident over the past years. This phenomenon is what we call____. ____________2. Maria is a saleslady of a certain warehouse in Davao City. Her sal...