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Sleep paralysis What is sleep paralysis Sleep paralysis, also known as waking paralysis, is a type of parasomnia. It is a common sleep disorder. There are two types: hypnogogic and hypnopompic. Hypnogogic occurs when you are falling asleep whereas hypnopompic occurs when you are waking up. Hypnagogic experiences, which include visual, auditory, and sensory hallucinations, are frequently associated with these episodes. These occur during the transition from sleep to wakefulness and are classified into one of three categories: • Intruder: There are sounds of doorknobs opening, footsteps shuffling, a shadow man, or a scary presence in the room. • Incubus: Chest pressure, trouble breathing, and the sensation of being suffocated, strangled, or sexually raped by a malicious person. The person believes he or she is about to die. • Vestibular motor: The sensation of spinning, falling, floating, flying, hovering over one's body, or having another form of out-of-body experience.

In REM sleep, your brain normally instructs your muscles to relax and remain immobile. This is referred to as "REM atonia." This occurs to prevent you from enacting in your dreams. When you have REM atonia when falling asleep or waking up, you get sleep paralysis. The onset of sleep paralysis usually occurs during the adolescent years. However they are most likely to happen as you progress into your 20s and 30s. It's possible that it'll continue into your later years.

Symptoms of sleep paralysis - Inability to move your body - Feeling pressure on the chest - Difficulty in breathing - Sweating - Muscle pain - paranoia Causes Whilst the causes of sleep paralysis are unknown, there are several potential risk factors. These include: - Narcolepsy – a rare chronic condition that affects the nervous system resulting in poor fragmented sleep at night. - Insomnia/ sleep deprivation - Sleeping on your back - Family history of sleep paralysis - Depression - Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - Bipolar disorder- those with bipolar suffer from hypomania which leads to insomnia resulting in sleep paralysis - Substance abuse can disrupt sleep onset latency which can in sleep paralysis

Websites used : - https://stanfordhealthcare.org/medical-conditions/sleep/nighttime-sleepbehaviors/sleep-paralysis.html - https://share.upmc.com/2015/04/what-causes-sleep-paralysis/ - https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/295039#signs_and_symptoms - https://www.healthline.com/health/sleep/isolated-sleep-paralysis#causes-riskfactors - https://sleepeducation.org/sleep-disorders/sleep-paralysis/ - https://www.verywellmind.com/how-sleep-and-bipolar-disorder-interact379019 - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-019-0465-x...