Sociology of Industrial Societies PDF

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Sociology of industrial sciences 1. Social institutions in industrial societies a. Definition and examples of social institutions A social institution is a social arrangement guided by a set of beliefs and norms, culturally assimilated, which determine the relationships and roles of organised individuals in order to accomplish important social goals ex: basketball team, families, banks, factories. b. Relationships and interdependence The social institutions relate with each other. They put individuals in relationship with each other. Ex @ Uni, LecturersStudents LibrariansSecretariesKSU. Interdependence: when social institutions are dependent on each other to accomplish the common social goal (common good-remember mr. falzon and his doctor/lawyer ex) c. Behaviour Behaviour of individuals and social institutions depends on the relation between culture and religion.

d. Culture and social institutions Different cultures and religions are the source of different beliefs, value, attitudes, expectations and norms of behaviour Religion is the soul of a culture-it inspires culture Cultures interact and influence each other Culture change by time e. Definition of industrial societies In sociology, industrial society refers to a society driven using technology to enable mass production, supporting a large population with a high capacity for division of labour. Such a structure developed in the west in the period following the Industrial Revolution and replaced the agrarian societies. It makes use of technology and has a division of labour. These both enhance mass production due to a large population and urbanization. Technology and labour divisions increase efficiency and productivity in large organizations f. Social institutions in industrial societies

of capital 2. Marriage and divorce a. Definition of marriage

What we understand by marriage depends mainly from culture and religion. Thus, different cultures and religions give different definitions. Sociologist give descriptive definitions (how things happen to be) not normative (what should be) Marriage is a socially supported union between individuals (any age/ sex and number) in what is intended to be a stable and enduring relationship involving sexual interaction in order to form a family… (listen to recording [40.09]) b. Types of marriage i.) Monogamy-

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Monogamy-marriage to only 1 spouse at a time Polygamy- marriage to more than 1 spouse at a time Polygyny-man marrying multiple wives Polyandry-woman marrying multiple men The institution of marriage is closely related to the economic organization of a particular society such as an agrarian/ industrialized society Marriage in pre-modern/ agrarian society This is arranged by a matchmaker; both family heads must give their consent/ marry for social status or material status does not love/ creates alliances between families/ continues husband father’s family There were fixed social roles: man is breadwinner; wife takes care of children + house The wedding day signs the day when spouses can live together under the same roof Sex is permitted after marriage Marriage in modern/ industrial They get married only if they are in love and choose their spouses (liberalism and individualism) They marry at an older age and are economically independent and are autonomous At a later period, it was socially accepted to experience a cohabitation period to know each other better Sex, reproduction and marriage are not linked Marriage in post-modern/industrial Spouses have become partners They communicate through social media Parents and relatives do not interfere Engagement is useless-a marriage is just a formality Marriage hinders a carrier due to other commitments (job/ education, etc…) Social roles are very flexible and there are less stereotypes Weddings have little to no significance and hence is a show-off Many are afraid of the commitment; therefore, they cohabitate rather than marrying, separation of assets etc… Traditional marriages according to local customs Civil marriages Religious marriages Problems in married life

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j. Divorce Families Educations Politics and the state Religion and the church...