STS GEC7-M Module 7 Biodiversity and Healthy-Society PDF

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[Lawsin, N. (2020). Science, Technology, and Society. Instructional Material for Dissertation, Improving STSMODULE 7Biodiversity and Healthy SocietySources: - fabiusmaximus/2014/06/19/climate-change-biodiversity-69241/ - weeabettor97.blogspot/2011/12/coral-reef.html - globalhealth.duke/events/biodiv...

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MODULE 7 Biodiversity and Health Healthyy Society

Sources:

• https://fabiusmaximus.com/2014/06/19/climate-change-biodiversity-69241/ • http://weeabettor97.blogspot.com/2011/12/coral-reef.html • https://globalhealth.duke.edu/events/biodiversity-good-human-health

Week Covered: Week 8 Lesson Objectives: At the end o off this module, the students are expected to: 1. define biodiversity and its levels; 2. determine the interrelatedness of society, environment, and health; 3. create a diagram that would show the relatedness of species in forming up a diverse and healthy society without compromising one another; and, 4. identify everyday tasks and evaluate whether they contribute to the wellness and health of biodiversity and society or not. Week 8

ACTIVITY NO.1 WATCH and LEAR LEARN N! Retrieve the video on the next page by clicking the provided link. Answer the succeeding questions. Tip: Note-taking while playing the video will help you answer the questions. Society ociety . Instructional Material for Dissertation, Improving STS [Lawsin, N. (2020). Science, Technology, and S 85 Teaching Practice Through Transversal Competencies Towards Seamless Blended Digital Learning]

Mga tanong: 1. Ano ang biodiversity? _________________________________ _________________________________ 2. Ano ang bumubuo ng biodiversity? _________________________________ _________________________________

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5clNWbRp6I

3. Anu-ano ang mga kahalagahan ng biodiversity? _________________________________ _________________________________ 4. Bakit ang Pilipinas ang tinuturing na isa sa may pinakamayamang biodiversity? _________________________________ _________________________________ 5. Ano ang ibig sabihin ng biological hotspot at bakit kabilang ang pilipinas dito? _________________________________ _________________________________

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GK_vRtHJZu4 6. Anu-ano ang mga dahilan ng biodiversity loss na nabanggit sa video? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________

7. Anu-ano ang mga nabanggit na hakbang upang mapangalagaan ang ating biodiversity? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ For the second video, 1. What are the levels of biodiversity? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are the roles of individual species mentioned in the video in terms of maintaining healthy biodiversity? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 3. What are the advantages of having high genetic diversity within and between species level? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why are corals described as a keystone or important species, in this video? _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 5. What are the causes of coral destruction as described in the video? _________________________________________________________________________ Society ociety . Instructional Material for Dissertation, Improving STS [Lawsin, N. (2020). Science, Technology, and S 86 Teaching Practice Through Transversal Competencies Towards Seamless Blended Digital Learning]

• The term “Biodiversity” was first coined by Walter G. Rosen in 1986. According to International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Sciences (IUCN-NR) in 1998, biodiversity is “the variety and variability of species of their population, the variety of species of their life forms, the diversity of the complex association with species with their interaction and their ecological process which influences perform.” • Decrease in biodiversity is well-known worldwide. Vertebrates fell to 60% from the 1970s due to human causes. It is anticipated that by 2020, wildlife decline will be 67% of the present number.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/biodiversity-losses-could-be-bad-for-your-health-39627027/

• The World Wide Fund for Nature and Zoological Society of London reported an annual decrease in wildlife by 2%. A major cause is human population which has doubled in number since 1960 to 7.4 billion. • Humans have industrialized the natural habitat of wildlife as well marine life. Leaving these creatures with no place to live would eventually cause their deaths. Marco Lambertini, the General Director of WWF International, described that the disappearance of wildlife is at an unprecedented rate. • Earth might enter the sixth mass extinction event according to experts. Mass extinction is described as the disappearance of species at a https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/497718196310404361/ rate 1,000 faster than usual. • Moreover, the disappearance of species in a certain environment causes an imbalance in the ecosystem, producing more chaotic changes that harm the entire ecosystem (Inquirer.net,2016). Society ociety . Instructional Material for Dissertation, Improving STS [Lawsin, N. (2020). Science, Technology, and S 87 Teaching Practice Through Transversal Competencies Towards Seamless Blended Digital Learning]

• There is a growing importance studying how society, environment, and health is interrelated to each other, that if human beings fail to recognize the needs of one of those components, the other remaining components can be affected and compromised. • Thus, it is timely to know about the pressing effects of species being extinct and that of our ecosystem being imbalanced. Biodiversity and Ecosystem • Biodiversity is defined as the vast variety of life forms in the entire Earth. It encompasses all kinds of life forms, from single-celled organisms to the largest multi-celled organisms. Its definition is in the structural and functional perspective and not as individual species. • Another definition of biodiversity is “the variability among living organisms from all sources, including terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems, and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems.

https://www.thinglink.com/scene/644233468754001922

• Biodiversity is the source of the essential goods and ecological services that constitute the source of life for all and it has direct consumptive value in food, agriculture, medicine, and in industry.” (Villaggio Globale, 2009) Society ociety . Instructional Material for Dissertation, Improving STS [Lawsin, N. (2020). Science, Technology, and S 88 Teaching Practice Through Transversal Competencies Towards Seamless Blended Digital Learning]

• Understanding biodiversity within the concept of ecosystem need thorough study on the relationship of the biotic, the living organisms and the abiotic, nonliving organisms. • Interdisciplinary approach is needed to study the ecosystem biodiversity plays a major role in this natural dynamics. For example, a large number of golden snails in a certain area of rice field can help predict a low production of rice harvest, since eggs of the golden snails are considered pest for rice plant. • On a positive view, the larger number of different species in a certain area can be a predictor of sustainable life in that area. Sustainability of the ecosystem ensures a better survival rate against any natural disaster. Therefore, we, as human inhabitants of the ecosystem, must preserve and conserve the biodiversity of all creatures.

https://austincriss.wordpress.com/ https://planningtank.com/blog/sustainable-development-goals-assam-2030-in-light-of-sdgs • In simpler terms, it is true that people will always depend on biodiversity on the wholeness of our being and in our everyday lives. More so, our health will ultimately depend upon the products and services that we acquire from the ecosystem. • Somehow, there are ways and processes in the ecosystem that are not apparent nor appreciated by us, human beings. Think about the need to drink clean and fresh water, the need to eat healthy vegetables and food, or the need of man to transport which makes him rely on fuel. All of these are human needs that are answered and provided by our ecosystem. Thus, if we fail to keep the process of taking care of the ecosystem, it is us who are actually putting our lives at risk.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ACfPVA-EE8

• Significant decline in biodiversity has direct human impact when ecosystem in its insufficiency can no longer provide the physical as well as social needs of human beings. Society ociety . Instructional Material for Dissertation, Improving STS [Lawsin, N. (2020). Science, Technology, and S 89 Teaching Practice Through Transversal Competencies Towards Seamless Blended Digital Learning]

Indirectly, changes in the ecosystem affect livelihood, income, and on occasion, may even cause political conflict (WHO, n.d.). Changes in Biodiversit Biodiversityy • Alteration in any system could bring varied effects. A change in biodiversity could have unpredictable effects not only in wildlife or marine life but also in human beings. o For example, humans living the forest would disturb the natural order of life. ▪ Trees and plants would be affected in the land-clearing operations where the houses would be built. ▪ The animals, insects, and all types of life forms in the cleared area would either be displaced or most likely be killed. ▪ The loss of these life forms could affect the entire ecosystem governing that environment. The food chain might be damaged. https://biodiversity1.wordpress.com/2011/08/16/hello-world/

▪ From this, we can clearly infer that when our ecosystem is not well taken care of, biodiversity encounters changes that may impact human health on such different levels. Threats tto o Biodiversity There are major threats to biodiversity that were identified by the United Nations' Environment Program (WHO, n.d.). These are the following: 1. Habitat loss and destruction. Major contributing factor is the inhabitation of human beings and the use of land for economic gains. 2. Alterations in ecosystem composition. Alterations and sudden changes, either within species groups or within the environment, could begin to damage the entire ecosystems. Alterations in ecosystems are a critical factor contributing to species and habitat loss. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224856495_Conservation_science_a_20year_report_card/figures?lo=1

3. Over-exploitation. Over-hunting, overfishing, or over-collecting of species can quickly lead to its decline. Changing consumption patterns of humans is often cited as the key reason for this unsustainable exploitation of natural resources. Society ociety . Instructional Material for Dissertation, Improving STS [Lawsin, N. (2020). Science, Technology, and S 90 Teaching Practice Through Transversal Competencies Towards Seamless Blended Digital Learning]

4. Pollution and contamination. Biological systems respond slowly to changes in their surrounding environment. Pollution and contamination cause irreversible damage to species and varieties. 5. Global climate change. Both climate variability and climate change cause biodiversity loss. Species and populations may be lost permanently if they are not provided with enough time to adapt to changing climatic conditions. Consequences of Biodiversit Biodiversityy Loss • Even with the development of technology and science at present, we still have a lot to learn about biodiversity, more so about the consequences of biodiversity loss. However, the basic concept about biodiversity loss was from Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. •

Every species in the ecosystems has significant roles, functions, or niches that are specialized to capture, transfer, utilize and, ultimately, lose both energy and nutrients. Disturbing their distributions will surely affect its nutrient cycles and soil contents, and influence environmental conditions such as water cycles, weather patterns, climate, and other abiotic aspects.

https://rewildingeurope.com/rewilding-in-action/wildlife-comeback/other-species/

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The loss of biodiversity has many consequences that we understand and many that we do not. It is apparent that humankind is willing to sustain a great deal at biodiversity loss if there are concomitant benefits to society; we hope they are net benefits.

Society ociety . Instructional Material for Dissertation, Improving STS [Lawsin, N. (2020). Science, Technology, and S 91 Teaching Practice Through Transversal Competencies Towards Seamless Blended Digital Learning]

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In many cases, the benefits seem to accrue to a few individuals only, with net societal loss. However, it is extremely difficult to estimate the future costs of losses in biodiversity or of environmental damage (Rainforest Conservation Fund, 2017).

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As stated by Tilman. "The Earth will retain its most striking feature, its biodiversity. only if humans have the foresight to do so. This will occur, it seems, only if we realize the extent to which we use biodiversity (Rainforest Conservation Fund, 2017)."

http://www.becomewide.com/why-birds-matter-birdwatch-the-startup-saving-the-world-biodiversity/

Nutritional Impact of Biodiversity • According to the World Health Organization, biodiversity is a vital element of a human being's nutrition because of its influence to food production. Biodiversity is a major factor that contributes to sustainable food production for human beings. A society or a population must have access to a sufficient variety of nutritious food as it is a determinant of their health as human beings.

https://www.scitechnol.com/ArchiveJBMF/currentissue-biodiversity-management-forestry.php http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2011/biodiversity_health/ Society ociety . Instructional Material for Dissertation, Improving STS [Lawsin, N. (2020). Science, Technology, and S 92 Teaching Practice Through Transversal Competencies Towards Seamless Blended Digital Learning]

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Nutrition and biodiversity are linked at many levels: o the ecosystem, with food production as an ecosystem service; o the species in the ecosystem; and, o the genetic diversity within species.

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Nutritional composition between foods and among varieties/cultivars/breeds of the same food can differ dramatically, affecting micronutrient availability in the diet.

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Healthy local diets, with adequate average levels of nutrients intake, necessitates maintenance of high biodiversity levels. Intensified and enhanced food production through irrigation, use of fertilizer, plant protection (pesticides), or the introduction of crop varieties and cropping patterns affect biodiversity and thus impact global nutritional status and human health (WHO, 2007).

https://foodtank.com/news/2017/12/tucsons-edible-biodiversity/food-tank-tusconbiodiversity/ http://www.fao.org/news/story/en/item/113740/icode/

Healt Health, h, B Biology, iology, and Biodiversity • Almost all living organisms are dependent to their environment to live and reproduce. Basic needs of living organisms such as air, water, food, and habitat are provided by its environment. • The evolution of human beings was due to the improved access to these basic needs. Advances in agriculture, sanitation, water treatment, and hygiene have had a far greater impact on human health than medical technology. https://cvm.ncsu.edu/one-health-one-medicine-research-at-the-nc-state-college-of-veterinary-medicine/

• Although the environment sustains human life, it can also cause diseases. Lack of basic necessities is a significant cause of human mortality. • Environmental hazards increase the risk of cancer, heart disease, asthma, and many other illnesses. These hazards can be physical, such as pollution, chemicals and contaminants or they can be social, such as dangerous work, poor housing conditions urban sprawl, and poverty. Unsafe drinking water and poor sanitation and hygiene are responsible for a Society ociety . Instructional Material for Dissertation, Improving STS [Lawsin, N. (2020). Science, Technology, and S 93 Teaching Practice Through Transversal Competencies Towards Seamless Blended Digital Learning]

variety of infectious diseases, such as schistosomiasis, diarrhea, cholera, meningitis, and gastritis. In 2015, approximately 350,000 children under the age of live (mostly in the developing world) died from diarrheal diseases related to unsafe drinking water, and approximately 1.8 billion people used drinking water contaminated with feces. More than two billion people lacked access to basic sanitation.

http://www.youthrainbow.com/science/transgenic-plants-public-concerns-future

https://ecommercejobs.com/2016/03/austin-ecommerce-jobs-alen-corp-seeks-an-ecommerce-manager-austin-tx-78758.html

• The interrelation between human health and biological diversity in considerable and complex. With the current biodiversity loss at unprecedented rates, the delicate balance between human health and biological diversity is at risk. • Interestingly, according to experts, climate change could also have a serious impact on human health and could deteriorate farming systems and reduce nutrients in some foods. In this case, biodiversity increases resilience, thus helping adjust to new environmental conditions.

Society ociety . Instructional Material for Dissertation, Improving STS [Lawsin, N. (2020). Science, Technology, and S 94 Teaching Practice Through Transversal Competencies Towards Seamless Blended Digital Learning]

• Safeguarding of coral reefs, for instance, is essential to reduce the risk of floods, as this extraordinary ecosystem can reduce wave energy by 97%, thus protecting over 100 million people all over the world.

http://timinphuket.blogspot.com/2016/04/protect-coral-reefs.html

• Relationships between human health and the environment raise many ethical, social, and legal dilemmas by forcing people to choose among competing values. Many of the issues at the intersection of health and the environment have to do with managing benefits and risks. • For example, pesticides play an important role in increasing crop yields, but they can also pose hazards to human health and the environment. Alternatives to pesticide use create trade-offs in health. • The extreme action of stopping all pesticide

uses could significantly reduce agricultural productivity. leading to food shortages and increased food prices which would, in turn, increase starvation in some parts of the https://www.newfoodmagazine.com/news/66323/efsa-pesticides-assessments/ world.

Society ociety . Instructional Material for Dissertation, Improving STS [Lawsin, N. (2020). Science, Technology, and S 95 Teaching Practice Through Transversal Competencies Towards Seamless Blended Digital Learning]

• Public health authorities have opted to regulate the use of pesticides to enhance food production while minimizing damage to the environment and human health. Energy production and use help sustain human life, but it can also pose hazards to human health and the environment, such as air and water pollution, oil spills, and destruction of habitats (Rensik & Portier, 2017).

https://juicing-for-health.com/breakdown-pesticides-in-body

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Human rights issues also come up with research on environmental health that involves human subjects. For such research to be ethical, human subjects must give consent, and great care must be taken to ensure that they ...