Study guide NR 222 Exam 1 2020 PDF

Preview

Summary

Download Study guide NR 222 Exam 1 2020 PDF

Description

NR 222 Health and Wellness Study Guide NR 222 2020 What is nursing? Nursing is an art and science. Art: deliver care w/ compassion, care and respect. Science: practice knowledge and evidence-based practice. Definition of Nursing by ANA and other organizations (read your chapter). ANA: nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. International Council of Nurse: Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups, and communities, sick or well, and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health; prevention of illness; and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles. Trends in nursing: evidence base practice, nursing shortage etc Roles of the Nurse: Advocate: protect patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights in need be. Ensure patients autonomy and self-determinations are respected. Care manager: coordinate activities for member of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care. Has peronnel, policy and budgetary responsibility for specific unit or agency. Consultant Deliverer of services Educator: explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures (self-care), reinforce learing or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient’s progress in leaning. Healer: You provide evidence-based nursing care to promote healing throught both physical and interpersonal skills. Healing involves retoreing their emotional, spititual, and social well-being. Set goals and meet them w/ minimal financial cost, time and energy Researcher: conducts evidence-based practice and research to improve nursing care and futher define/expand the scope of nursing practice. Define Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Define:

Health: WHO: state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease. State of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality and lifestyle. Disease: an abnormal process affecting the structure or function of part, organ or system of the body. Clinical Dx (cancer, Renal diseases, diabetes) Disease is a malfunctioning of biological or psychological processes. Illness: highly personal state in which the person feels unhealthy, may or may not be related to disease. Self reported metal or physical symptoms, maybe minor or temporary in some cases might include severe health problems (headaches, body aches, flu) Illness is the way in which individuals and families react to disease Health Promotion: helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health. Motivates people to engage in healthy activities (exercise, eat healthy) Evidence based practice: is a problem-solving approach to clinical practice that uses the best available evidence, along with the nurse’s expertise and the client’s preference and values, in making decisions about care. Critical thinking

Healthy People 2020 4 Overarching goals (refer to your PowerPoints slide) Attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all life stages. Health Disparities: a particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage. Poor health status, disease risk factors, poor health outcomes, and limited access to health car are type of disparities often interrelated and influenced by the conditions and social context in with people live.

Define these terms and give two examples of each:

Primary Prevention: True prevention, goal is to reduce the incidence of disease. (immunization, exercise, healthy diet, promotion, and education regarding disease risk factors) Secondary Prevention: preventing the spread of disease, illness, or infection once it occurs (screening; mammograms, wound care) Tertiary Prevention: defect or disability is permanent and irreversible. (rehabilitation, hospice)

Code of Ethics Provisions 8.3: Obligations Standards of Practice Standard 8 Culturally Congruent Practice Define these terms and give an example related to nursing for each: Fidelity: dedication, loyalty, truthfulness, advocacy and fairness to patients. Keep commitments, based on virtue of caring Ex. A patient requests that a nurse not reveal his terminal diagnosis to his family. The patient explains that his family would probably disregard his wishes and keep him alive no matter the circumstances. The nuse must recognize the obligation to keep him information in confidence and still support the patient’s family. Non-maleficence: remain competent in their field to avoid causing suffering or injury to patients. Also encompasses reporting any suspected abuse. Ex. In an incompetent or chemically impaired, health care practitioner is taking care of patients, a nurse should report the abuse to protect the patient. Beneficence: doing good and patient advocacy. Take positive actions and follow through, concentrate on ensuring that the patient receive the best treatment to achieve optimal results. Ex. If a nursing home patient falls and fractures his hip, a nurse should provide him pain medication as quickly as possible. Maleficence: Autonomy: patients are given the right of self-determination, independence, and the ability to self-direct. Ex. Patient withdraws treatment for chemo and wishes to live out their last few days with family. Justice: All patients must be treated fairly and equally. Fairly distributing the resources accordingly to patient’s needs. Ex. If a hospital organization decides to donate no-cost eye exams and hearing tests to 10 school children each month, a fair, unbiased method must be used to determine which child receive the service.

HIPAA: importance of keeping patient information private and confidential. Ex. Use of unsecure computer or mobile device when discussing patients condition with a health care team member.

Nursing Process Why we need nursing process? Assessment: Collects objective (labs, vitals, self-observed) and subjective (provided by patient: symptoms) data regarding the patient health/situation. Diagnosis: analyze the assessment data to determine actual or potential problems Outcome: identified expected outcomes for plan individualized to the patient Planning: develops a plan that prescribes strategies to attain expected, measurable outcomes (SMART) Implementation: implement the plan (coordinate care and/or health education & promotion) Evaluation: evaluated progress towards outcomes.

The Transtheoretical Model of Health. Give examples of each: Pre contemplation: in this stage not ready to make behavioral change. Do not see their behavior as in problem. (I am not at risk of heart disease; I do not need to diet and exercise) Contemplation: thinking of changing their behavior, usually within the next 6 months, aware of the benefits and costs of behavior (I feel a little unhealthy, I should go on a diet and exercise a little everyday) Preparation: individuals intent to make a behavioral change within the immediate future (I am having difficulty going up the stairs, starting this week I will eat a salad for lunch everyday and go on a 30min walk every evening) Action: have modified their behavior, and they have a plan of action, person is addressing the problem (I have been eating a salads for lunch for a 3 month now and have been jobbing a mile everyday) Maintenance: actively sustaining a change and behavior becomes normative (I can now prepare to run a 5k next month and diet consist mostly of fruit and vegetables)

The Nurse Practice Act Role of Nurse: specialty care, severe cases, sterile procedure, assessment, teaching, evaluation, IV meds Role of LPN: Chronic cases, stable clients, routine procedures Role of UAP: routine procedures, activities of daily living Delegation: use critical thinking and professional judgment when assigning tasks. Five rights of delegation: Right tasks Right circumstances Right person With the right directions and communication Under the right supervision and evaluation Standards of Practice Standard 8 Culturally Congruent Practice Therapeutic Strategies/Relationship phases Pre-interaction: Obtain info about patient, examine one’s own feelings, fears, anxieties about working with the patient Orientation: create an environment for trust and rapport, nurse and patient know each other’s names, responsibilities and goal are defined, condition of termination are outlined, confidentiality is discussed, gather assessment data and form nursing dx, develop plan of action, identity client strengths and weaknesses, explore feeling of both the patient and nurse Working: promote client insight and perception of reality, use problem solving model to work toward achievement of goals, overcome resistance barriers, evaluate progress toward goals, encourage coping strategies and evaluate more adaptive behaviors, explore options for continued therapeutic work after relationship ends Termination: evaluate therapeutic outcomes, express feeling about termination, observe for regressive behavior, evaluate the nurse patient relationship, progress has been made toward attainment of goals, plan of action established for more adaptive coping with future stressful situations Culture Define cultural competence and explain its role in health promotion. Care that respects diversity in the patient population and cultural factors that can affect health and health care, such as language, communication styles, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors.

Cultural awareness: process of conducting a self-examination of one’s own biases toward other cultures and the in-depth exploration of one’s cultural and professional background. It also involves being aware of the existence of documented racism and other “isms” in health care delivery. Cultural knowledge: is the process in which a health care professional seeks and obtains a sound education base about culturally diverse groups. Health-related beliefs and cultural values, care practices and disease incidence and prevalence. Cultural skill: ability to conduct a cultural assessment of patient to collect relevant cultural data about patient’s presenting problem, accurately conducting a culturally based physical assessment Cultural encounter: face to face cultural interactions and other types of encounters with patients from culturally diverse backgrounds. Modify belief and prevent stereotyping Cultural desire: motivation of a health care professional to want to and not have to engage in the process of becoming culturally aware, culturally knowledgeable and culturally skillful. Describe the nursing profession’s response to health disparities. The Muslim client Birth Practices: contraception is acceptable, abortion is permitted in certain circumstances. Circumcision is customary. Death practices: dying client may wish to face mecca. Devout muslims may refuse organ donation fearing desecration of the dead. Ritual include traditional bathing with burial within 24 hours. Cremation prohibited. Dietary Restrictions: food must be halal, ramadan is period of fasting Health Practices: women may refused/avoid male health care workers, women may wear clothes that cover their whole body. Pray 5 times a day facing mecca with a prayer rug. Jewish client Birth Practices: Abortion permitted. Ritual circumcision of males. Death practices: Autopsy discouraged. Cremation prohibited. Organ donation permitted. Dietary Restrictions: food required to be kosher. Milk and meat cannot be served at the same meal or prepared on the same dieshes. Health Practices: saving a life overrides nearly all religions obligations. During sabbath, orthodox Jews refrain from using electrical appliances.

1. D 2. C

3. D 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A,C,Ex(b) 8. A 9. A 10. B, Cx 11. D 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B 16. B 17. Dx,Cx,B,(A) 18. B 19. Ax 20. A 21. A, B, E 22. A, D, C 23. A, B, Cx 24. Ax, D, E, B 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. 1, 3 30. B 31. A 32. Ax 33. D 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. A, C, E, Bx 38. B 39. B 40. A, D, E, Cx 41. D 42. B 43. D 44. C 45. B

46. A 47. D 48. Cx 49. C 50. A 51. 52.

Best media to grow Algae would be a broth with CO2, nitrogen, salt since Algae...