Tablas y gráficos cristalización PDF

Preview

Summary

Tablas...

Description

TABLE 2-120 Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures* This table shows the amount of anhydrous substance that is soluble in 100 g of water at the temperature in degrees Celsius as indicated; when the name is followed by †, the value is expressed in grams of substance in 100 cm3 of saturated solution. Solid phase gives the hydrated form in equilibrium with the saturated solution. Solid phase

Substance

Formula

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

Aluminum chloride sulfate Ammonium aluminum sulfate bicarbonate bromide chloride chloroplatinate chromate chromium sulfate dichromate dihydrogen phosphite hydrogen phosphate iodide magnesium phosphate manganese phosphate nitrate oxalate perchlorate† persulfate sulfate thiocyanate vanadate (meta) Antimonious fluoride sulfide Arsenic oxide Arsenious sulfide

AlCl3 Al2(SO4)3 (NH4)2Al2(SO4)4 NH4HCO3 NH4Br NH4Cl (NH4)2PtCl6 (NH4)2CrO4 (NH4)2Cr 2(SO4)4 (NH4)2Cr 2O7 NH4H2PO3 (NH4)2HPO4 NH4I NH4MgPO4 NH4MnPO4 NH4NO3 (NH4)2C2O4 NH4ClO4† (NH4)2S 2O8 (NH4)2SO4 NH4CNS NH4VO3 SbF3 Sb2S 3 As2O5 As2S 3

27 28 29

Barium acetate acetate carbonate

Ba(C2H3O2)2 Ba(C2H3O2)2 BaCO3

3H2O 1H2O

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

chlorate chloride chromate hydroxide iodide iodide nitrate nitrite oxalate

Ba(ClO3)2 BaCl2 BaCrO4 Ba(OH)2 BaI2 BaI2 Ba(NO3)2 Ba(NO2)2 BaC2O4

1H2O 2H2O

39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51

perchlorate sulfate Beryllium sulfate sulfate sulfate Boric acid Boron oxide Bromine Cadmium chloride chloride chloride cyanide hydroxide

Ba(ClO4)2 BaSO4 BeSO4 BeSO4 BeSO4 H3BO3 B 2O3 Br 2 CdCl2 CdCl2 CdCl2 Cd(CN)2 Cd(OH)2

52 53 54

sulfate Calcium acetate acetate

CdSO4 Ca(C2H3O2)2 Ca(C2H3O2)2

6H2O 18H2O 24H2O

0C

10 C

31.2 2.1 11.9 60.6 29.4

20 C

33.5 4.99 15.8 68 33.3 0.7

1H2O

154.2 0.023

163.2

118.3 2.2 11.56 58.2 70.6 119.8

3.1 73.0 144

8H2O 6H2O 2H2O

59.5 5.17 10 at 18 59

5

63

20.34 31.6 0.0002 1.67 170.2 5.0

4

26.95 33.3 0.00028 2.48 185.7

33.80 35.7 0.00037 3.89 203.1

10

4

9.2 67.5 0.002218 289.1 2.4 10

6H2O 4H2O 2H2O

4H2O 2aH2O 1H2O

2.66 1.1 4.22 97.59 90.01

241.8 5.9

0.002218

2.0

3.57 1.5 3.4 125.1

90 C

100 C

46.1 14.88

52.2 20.10

59.2 26.70

66.1

73.0

80.8

89.0 109.796

91.1 45.8

99.2 50.4

107.8 55.2

116.8 60.2

126 65.6

135.6 71.3

145.6 77.3 1.25

190.5 0.036 0 297.0 8.0 30.58

199.6 0.030

208.9 0.040 0 421.0

218.7 0.016 0.005 499.0

228.8 0.019 0.007 580.0

81.0

69.5

71.2

1.32

344.0 10.3

250.3 740.0

871.0

39.05

48.19

88.0

95.3

103.3

75.1

76.7

1.78

57.01

3.05 73.0

5.04 2.2 3.20

4

75 0.0024 at 24.2 41.70 38.2 0.00046 5.59 219.6 11.6

79

77

74

74

49.61 40.7

43.6

66.81 46.4

49.4

8.22

13.12

231.9 14.2

17.1

358.7

426.3

20.94

6.60

4

84.84 52.4

104.9 58.8

101.4

247.3 20.3

261.0 27.0 205.8

0.0024 at 24.2 2.85 10 52 43.78

75

495.2

271.7 34.2 300 562.3

60.67 46.74 8.72 4.0

62 11.54

14.81 6.2

16.73

84.76 23.75 9.5

83 98 30.38

100 110 40.25 15.7

3.13 132.1

135.1

76.48 37.4

80 C

78.0 207.7 0.84 563.6

134.5 1.715

135.3 2.6 10 at 25

2H2O 1H2O

70 C

71

0.00168 205.8 1.15 10

181.4

0.00168

7.0

1H2O 3H2O

62.1

60 C

40.4

75.4 170 0.48 444.7 0.00017518 65.8

384.7

50 C

47.17 26031

19014.5 13115 172.3 0.052 0 192 4.4 20.85

171

40 C

40.4 10.94 27 83.2 41.4

10.7825

24II2O

6H2O 7H2O

30 C

69.8615 36.4 7.74 21 75.5 37.2

76.00 36.0

76.60 34.7

33.8

136.5

140.4

147.0

4

78.54 33.2

83.68 32.7

63.13

60.77

31.1

29.7

33.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

*By N. A. Lange. Abridged from “Table of Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures” in Lange, Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1961. For tables of the solubility of gases in water at various temperatures, Atack (Handbook of Chemical Data, Reinhold, New York, 1957) gives values at closer temperature intervals, usually 1 or 5 C, than are tabulated here. For materials marked by ‡, additional data are given in tables subsequent to this one. For the solubility of various hydrocarbons in water at high pressures see J. Chem. Eng. Data, 4, 212 (1959).

2-121

TABLE 2-120 Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures ( ) Continued Substance

Formula

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Calcium bicarbonate chloride chloride fluoride hydroxide nitrate nitrate nitrate nitrite nitrite oxalate

Ca(HCO3)2 CaCl2 CaCl2 CaF2 Ca(OH)2 Ca(NO3)2 Ca(NO3)2 Ca(NO3)2 Ca(NO2)2 Ca(NO2)2 CaC2O4

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

sulfate Carbon dioxide, 760 mm ‡ monoxide, 760 mm ‡ Cesium chloride nitrate sulfate Chlorine, 760 mm ‡ Chromic anhydride Cuprio chloride nitrate nitrate sulfate sulfide

CaSO4 CO2 CO CsCl CsNO3 Cs2SO4 Cl2 CrO3 CuCl2 Cu(NO3)2 Cu(NO3)2 CuSO4 CuS

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

Cuprous chloride Ferric chloride Ferrous chloride chloride nitrate sulfate sulfate Hydrobromic acid, 760 mm Hydrochloric acid, 760 mm Iodine Lead acetate bromide carbonate chloride chromate fluoride nitrate sulfate Magnesium bromide chloride hydroxide nitrate sulfate sulfate sulfate Manganous sulfate sulfate sulfate sulfate Mercurous chloride Molybdic oxide Nickel chloride nitrate nitrate sulfate sulfate Nitric oxide, 760 mm Nitrous oxide

CuCl FeCl3 FeCl2 FeCl2 Fe(NO3)2 FeSO4 FeSO4 HBr HCl I2 Pb(C2H3O2)2 PbBr 2 PbCO3 PbCl2 PbCrO4 PbF2 Pb(NO3)2 PbSO4 MgBr 2 MgCl2 Mg(OH)2 Mg(NO3)2 MgSO4 MgSO4 MgSO4 MnSO4 MnSO4 MnSO4 MnSO4 HgCl MoO3 NiCl2 Ni(NO3)2 Ni(NO3)2 NiSO4 NiSO4 NO N2O

2-122

Solid phase 6H2O 2H2O 4H2O 3H2O

0C 16.15 59.5 0.185 102.0

10 C 65.0 0.176 115.3

20 C

30 C

16.60 74.5

40 C

50 C

17.05

60 C

70 C

17.50

80 C

90 C

17.95

102

0.001618 0.165 129.3

0.001726 0.153 152.6

136.8 0.141 195.9 237.5

0.128

0.116

141.7 0.106

147.0 0.094

152.7 0.085

2H2O

2H2O 6H2O 3H2O 5H2O

62.07

0.1759 0.3346 0.0044 161.4 9.33 167.1 1.46 164.9 70.7 81.8

73.76 95.28 17.4

74.4

81.9 64.5

6.8 10 at 25

4

0.1688 0.0028 186.5 23.0 178.7 0.716 77.0 125.1 20.7 3.3 10 at 18 1.5225 91.8

5

9.5 10 4 at 50 0.2090 0.1257 0.0024 197.3 33.9 184.1 0.562 80.34

14 10 4 at 95 0.2097 0.0973 0.0021 208.0 47.2 189.9 0.451 174.0 83.8

25

159.8 28.5

73.0

0.0761 0.0018 218.5 64.4 194.9 0.386 182.1 87.44

132.6

151.9

0.2047 0.0576 0.0015 229.7 83.8 199.9 0.324

0.0013 239.5 107.0 205.0 0.274

244.8

0.1966 0.0010 250.0 134.0 210.3 0.219

0.0006 260.1 163.0 214.9 0.125 217.5

71.02 15.65

20.51

83.8 26.5

91.2

99.2

33.3

207.8 55

77.3

315.1 82.5

88.7

525.8 100

32.9

40.2

48.6

67.3 0.04 55.0425 1.15

63.3 0.056

171.5 59.6 0.078

1.53

1.94

2.36

3.34

4.75

1.20

1.45

1.70

1.98

2.62

3.34

75.4

535.7

210.3

198 0.029

3H2O 0.4554 0.6728

6H2O 6H2O 6H2O 7H2O 6H2O 1H2O 7H2O 5H2O 4H2O 1H2O

38.8 0.0028 91.0 52.8

0.060 48.3 0.0035 94.5 53.5

0.068 66 0.0049 99.2

66.55 40.8 53.23

30.9 42.2 60.01 59.5

0.00014 2H2O 6H2O 6H2O 3H2O 7H2O 6H2O

0.85 0.00011 0.99 7 10 6 0.064 56.5 0.0041 96.5 54.5 0.000918

53.9 79.58

59.5

35.5 44.5

40.8 45.3

62.9 64.5

67.76 66.44

0.0002 0.138 64.2 96.31

0.264 68.9

75 0.0056 101.6 57.5

0.00984

32 0.00757 0.1705

43.6

130

85

95

104.1

107.5 61.0

115

0.0007 0.476 73.3 122.2

38.8

50.4

53.5

59.5

64.2 62.9

69.0

74.0 68.3

72.6 58.17

55.0

52.0

48.0

42.5

34.0

0.687 78.3

1.206 82.2

2.055 85.2

113.7 66.0

84.74 45.6

68.8

37.3

56.1

120.2 73.0 137.0

163.1 27.22

105.8

165.6 50.9

221.2 82.3

0.1619 0 0 270.5 197.0 220.3 0 206.8 107.9

178.8 40

105.3 6H2O 7H2O 1H2O

0.077 363.6

76.68 6.7 10 4 at 13 0.1928 0.2318 0.0035 174.7 14.9 173.1 0.980

14.3

4H2O

159

281.5 358.7

4H2O 2H2O

100 C 18.40

2.106 87.6

169.1

235.1

42.46 0.00618 0.1211

0.00517

0.00440

50.15 0.00376

54.80 0.00324

59.44 0.00267

63.17 0.00199

0.00114

76.7 0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

Potassium acetate acetate alum bicarbonate bisulfate bitartrate carbonate chlorate chloride chromate dichromate ferricyanide hydroxide hydroxide nitrate nitrite perchlorate permanganate persulfate† sulfate thiocyanate Silver cyanide nitrate sulfate Sodium acetate acetate bicarbonate carbonate carbonate chlorate chloride chromate chromate chromate dichromate dichromate dihydrogen phosphate dihydrogen phosphate dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen arsenate hydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate hydroxide hydroxide hydroxide hydroxide nitrate nitrite oxalate phosphate, tripyrophosphate sulfate sulfate sulfate sulfide sulfide sulfide sulfite sulfite tetraborate tetraborate vanadate (meta)

KC2H3O2 KC2H3O2 K2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 KHCO3 KHSO4 KHC4H4O6 K2CO3 KClO3 KCl K2CrO4 K2Cr 2O7 K3Fe(CN)6 KOH KOH KNO3 KNO2 KClO4 KMnO4 K2S 2O8† K2SO4 KCNS AgCN AgNO3 Ag2SO4 NaC2H3O2 NaC2H3O2 NaHCO3 Na2CO3 Na2CO3 NaClO8 NaCl Na2CrO4 Na2CrO4 Na2CrO4 Na2Cr 2O7 Na2Cr 2O7 NaH2PO4 NaH2PO4 NaH2PO4 Na2HAsO4 Na2HPO4 Na2HPO4 Na2HPO4 Na2HPO4 NaOH NaOH NaOH NaOH NaNO3 NaNO2 Na2C2O4 Na3PO4 Na4P2O7 Na2SO4 Na2SO4 Na2SO4 Na2S Na2S Na2S Na2SO3 Na2SO3 Na2B 4O7 Na2B 4O7 NaVO8

1aH2O aH2O 24H2O

2H2O

2H2O 1H2O

†

3H2O 10H2O 1H2O 10H2O 4H2O 2H2O

216.7

233.9

255.6

3.0 22.4 36.3 0.32 105.5 3.3 27.6 58.2 5 31 97

4.0 27.7

5.9 33.2 51.4 0.53 110.5 7.4 34.0 61.7 12 43 112

13.3 278.8 0.75 2.83 1.62 7.35 177.0

0.40 108 5 31.0 60.0 7 36 103 20.9

122 0.573 36.3 119 6.9 7

170 0.695 40.8 121 8.15 12.5

31.6 298.4 1.80 6.4 4.49 11.11 217.5 2.2 10 5 222 0.796 46.5 123.5 9.6 21.5

79 35.7 31.70

89 35.8 50.17

101 36.0 88.7

1.05 4.4 2.60 9.22

163.0

283.8 8.39 39.1 0.90 113.7 10.5 37.0 63.4 20 50 126 45.8 2.6 9.0 7.19 12.97

323.3 11.70 45.4 67.3 1.32 116.9 14 40.0 65.2 26 60 63.9 334.9 4.4 12.56 9.89 14.76

337.3 17.00

350 24.75 60.0

1.83 121.2 19.3 42.6 66.8 34

2.46 126.8 24.5 45.5 68.6 43 66

140 85.5

133.1 48.3 70.4 52

380.1 71.0

4.6 139.8 38.5 51.1 72.1 61

396.3 109.0

147.5 54.0 73.9 70

121.6 6.95 155.7 57 56.7 75.6 80 82.6104

6.5 16.89

9 22.2

11.8

14.8

18

178 246 412.8 21.8

16.50

18.17

19.75

21.4

22.8

24.1

110.0

300 0.888 54.5 126 11.1 38.8 50.5 113 36.3

376 0.979 65.5 129.5 12.7

455 1.08 83 134 14.45

525 1.15 139 139.5 16.4

48.5 126 36.6

140 37.0

46.4 155 37.3

88.7

95.96

104

114.6

177.8

364.8 40.0

244.8

138

1.22

169

669 1.30

146

153

172 37.8

45.8 189 38.4

123.0 316.7

124.8 376.2

202

1.36 161

39.0

952 1.41 170 45.5 230 39.8 125.9 426.3

2H2O 1H2O 12H2O 12H2O 7H2O 2H2O

57.9

69.9

85.2

106.5

138.2

15.5 3.6

26.5 7.7

37 20.8

47

158.6 7.3 1.67

179.3 65

190.3

207.3 85

225.3

82.9

88.1

92.4

102.9

246.6

51.8 80.2

102.2 4H2O 3aH2O 1H2O

42 51.5 109

119

129

145

174

104 98.4

114 104.1

124

313

12H2O 10H2O 10H2O 7H2O 9H2O 5aH2O 6H2O 7H2O

73 72.1

80 78.0

1.5 3.16 5.0 19.5

13.9

96 91.6

4.1 3.95 9.0 30

88 84.5 3.7 11 6.23 19.4 44

15.42

18.8

22.5

20

26.9

20 9.95 40.8

31 13.50 48.8 28.5

1.3

1.6

2.7

55 21.83

46.7

45.3

39.82 36.4

42.69 39.1

28.2 10.5

28.8 20.3

81 30.04 43.7 45.73 43.31

51.40 49.14

347 180 163.2 6.33 108 40.26 42.5

59.23 57.28

36 28

10H2O 5H2O 2H2O

43 17.45

148 132.6

3.9

15.325

30.2

68.4

28.3 24.4

31.5

41

52.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64

2-123

TABLE 2-120 Solubilities of Inorganic Compounds in Water at Various Temperatures ( ) Concluded Substance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Sodium vanadate (meta) Stannous chloride sulfate Strontium acetate acetate chloride chloride nitrate nitrate nitrate sulfate Sulfur dioxide, 760 mm † Thallium sulfate Thorium sulfate sulfate sulfate sulfate Zinc chlorate chlorate nitrate nitrate sulfate sulfate sulfate

2-124

Formula NaVO3 SnCl2 SnSO4 Sr(C2H3O2)2 Sr(C2H3O2)2 SrCl2 SrCl2 Sr(NO3)2 Sr(NO3)2 Sr(NO3)2 SrSO4 SO2 Tl2SO4 Th(SO4)2 Th(SO4)2 Th(SO4)2 Th(SO4)2 ZnClO3 ZnClO3 Zn(NO3)2 Zn(NO3)2 ZnSO4 ZnSO4 ZnSO4

Solid phase

0C

10 C

4H2O aH2O 6H2O 2H2O 1H2O 4H2O

9H2O 8H2O 6H2O 4H2O 6H2O 4H2O 6H2O 3H2O 7H2O 6H2O 1H2O

36.9 43.5

43.61 42.95 47.7

52.7 40.1 0.0113 22.83 2.70 0.74 1.0 1.50 145.0

20 C

30 C

21.1025 269.815 19

83.9

41.6 52.9

40 C

0.0114 11.29 4.87 1.38 1.62 1.90

60 C

70 C

80 C

32.97

36.9

38.875

90 C

100 C

18 39.5 58.7

65.3

64.0 70.5 16.21 3.70 0.98 1.25

50 C

26.23

37.35 72.4 83.8

88.6 0.0114 7.81 6.16 1.995

90.1 5.41 2.998

4.5 9.21 5.22

4.04

2.54

2.45

36.24

36.10

36.4

85.9

90.5

100.8 139

93.8

96

98

10.92

12.74

14.61

16.53

18.45

6.64 1.63

1.09

86.6

83.7

80.8

81.8 97.2

130.4 100

152.5 200.3 118.3

94.78

209.2

223.2

273.1

206.9 41.9

47

54.4 70.1

76.8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24...