TB2 Chapter 10 Intelligence PDF

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1. The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations is known as A) savant syndrome. B) triarchic thinking. C) intelligence. D) factor analysis. Ans: C

2. The sort of problem solving that demonstrates “school smarts” is what researchers have historically assessed in their tests of A) street smarts. B) intelligence. C) emotional intelligence. D) social intelligence. Ans: B

3. Caleb had a high score on both the critical reading and mathematics sections of the SAT. He is an excellent map-reader and his reasoning abilities are fantastic. According to Spearman, what is likely underlying these abilities? A) savant syndrome B) factor analysis C) general intelligence (g factor) D) multiple intelligences Ans: C

4. Spearman referred to the general capacity that may underlie all of a person's specific mental abilities as A) multiple intelligence. B) the g factor. C) factor analysis. D) emotional intelligence. Ans: B

5. Those who score above average on tests of mathematical aptitude are also likely to score above average on tests of verbal aptitude. According to Spearman, this best illustrates the importance of A) existential intelligence. B) multiple intelligence. C) the g factor. D) factor analysis. Ans: C

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6. Those who emphasize the importance of the g factor would be most likely to encourage discontinuing special programs for intellectually advantaged children. deriving adult intelligence test scores from the ratio of mental age to chronological age. C) using a small standardization sample in the process of intelligence test construction. D) quantifying intelligence with a single numerical score. Ans: D A) B)

7. A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related test items that seem to tap a common ability is called A) savant syndrome. B) multiple intelligence. C) seven clusters of primary abilities. D) factor analysis. Ans: D

8. Factor analysis has been used to assess whether A) intelligence is determined primarily by heredity or by experience. B) intelligence is a single trait or a collection of distinct abilities. C) intelligence scores remain stable over the life span. D) differences in intellectual ability exist between groups of individuals. Ans: B

9. Investigators detected a tendency for those who excelled in one of Thurstone's seven primary mental abilities to also demonstrate high levels of competence in other abilities. This provided some evidence of A) savant syndrome. B) multiple intelligences. C) existential intelligence. D) general intelligence. Ans: D

10. Which of the following was NOT one Thurstone's primary mental abilities? A) verbal comprehension B) perceptual speed C) inductive reasoning D) analytical intelligence Ans: D

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11. Maxine achieves high scores on tests of word fluency but not on tests of numerical ability. Maxine's selective abilities fits well with whose theory of intelligence? A) L. L. Thurstone B) Charles Spearman C) Satoshi Kanazawa D) Edward Thorndike Ans: A

12. The theorist who believed that people's scores on the general intelligence factor are most highly correlated with their ability to solve novel problems was A) Charles Spearman. B) L. L. Thurstone. C) Satoshi Kanazawa. D) Robert Sternberg. Ans: C

13. A person who demonstrates an exceptional specific mental skill while otherwise often remaining very limited in intellectual capacity is said to show signs of A) emotional intelligence. B) savant syndrome. C) existential intelligence. D) analytical intelligence. Ans: B

14. Psychological tests show that 18-year-old Isaiah has an intelligence score of 65. Nevertheless, Isaiah can, with a few seconds of mental calculation, accurately tell the day of the week on which Christmas falls for any year in this century. It would be fair to conclude that A) the intelligence test Isaiah was given has no validity. B) intelligence tests are generally good measures of verbal but not of mathematical intelligence. C) Isaiah is a person with savant syndrome. D) Isaiah excels in existential intelligence. Ans: C

15. The characteristics of savant syndrome have been used to support A) Spearman's belief in a general intelligence, or g, factor. B) Thurstone's notion of social intelligence. C) Gardner's argument for multiple intelligences. D) Sternberg's triarchic theory. Ans: C

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16. Who argued for a classification of nine independent intelligences, which include musical, spatial, and kinesthetic aptitudes? A) Charles Spearman B) Howard Gardner C) L. L. Thurstone D) Robert Sternberg Ans: B

17. Gardner's argument for multiple intelligences receives support from the A) existence of creative intelligence. B) 10-year rule. C) characteristics of savant syndrome. D) existence of a g factor. Ans: C

18. Chandra is very athletic and is able to quickly master new and complex dance routines. Howard Gardner would be most likely to suggest that Chandra demonstrates a high level of A) social intelligence. B) spatial intelligence. C) emotional intelligence. D) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. Ans: D

19. Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, creative, and ________ intelligence. A) spatial B) musical C) practical D) interpersonal Ans: C

20. Of the following, who best illustrates Sternberg's concept of analytical intelligence? Trudy, a student who receives lower grades in physical education than in any other course B) Freda, a business executive who effectively motivates her sales staff C) Selma, a 9-year-old who solves complicated mathematical problems in record time D) Nicole, a teenager who completes the road test for her driver's license without a single error Ans: C A)

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21. K. Anders Ericsson reports a 10-year rule for expert performance that highlights the importance of A) a g factor. B) factor analysis. C) daily practice. D) social intelligence. Ans: C

22. Doggedly persistent motivation and drive is often necessary for successful accomplishments. This best illustrates the importance of A) the g factor. B) factor analysis. C) existential intelligence. D) grit. Ans: D

23. Researchers who believe that being a professional musician requires a certain cognitive ability as well as a lot of practice are emphasizing A) the importance of creative intelligence. B) the importance of Gardner's musical intelligence. C) the importance of nature and nurture. D) the role of the g factor. Ans: C

24. Manny's wife had a terrible day at work, and then at home she had to drive the children to their after-school activities. To top it all off, she has yet to make dinner plans. When Manny comes home from work, he fails to notice his wife's stress level and instead asks if he can go out with his friends to watch a football game. Manny is demonstrating a low level of A) existential intelligence. B) analytic intelligence. C) emotional intelligence. D) practical intelligence. Ans: C

25. Emotional intelligence is a critical component of A) creative intelligence. B) social intelligence. C) analytical intelligence. D) practical intelligence. Ans: B

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26. When Andy becomes upset about getting a poor grade, he typically fails to realize that he feels scared. This lack of self-insight best illustrates an inadequate level of A) existential intelligence. B) social intelligence. C) practical intelligence. D) emotional intelligence. Ans: D

27. One component of emotional intelligence involves A) the ability to completely forget emotionally traumatic experiences. B) a lack of concern about receiving social approval. C) predicting accurately when feelings are about to change. D) selectively focusing attention on positive thoughts and feelings. Ans: C

28. In very stressful or embarrassing situations, Sanura is able to maintain her poise and help others to feel comfortable. Sanura's ability best illustrates the value of A) linguistic intelligence. B) spatial intelligence. C) practical intelligence. D) emotional intelligence. Ans: D

29. Who is most likely to be criticized for extending the definition of intelligence to an overly broad range of talents? A) Howard Gardner B) Lewis Terman C) Charles Spearman D) L.L. Thurstone Ans: A

30. Which psychologist most strongly emphasized that those who score above average on tests of spatial ability typically also score above average on tests of verbal or reasoning ability? A) William Stern B) Howard Gardner C) Robert Sternberg D) Charles Spearman Ans: D

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31. Aptitude tests are specifically designed to A) predict ability to learn a new skill. B) compare an individual's abilities with those of highly successful people. C) assess learned knowledge or skills. D) assess the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas. Ans: A

32. Molly has just taken a test of her capacity to learn to be a computer programmer. This is an example of a(n) ________ test. A) IQ Test B) achievement C) interest D) aptitude Ans: D

33. Tests designed to assess what a person has learned are called ________ tests. A) mental age B) aptitude C) standardized D) achievement Ans: D

34. The final exam in a calculus course would be an example of a(n) ________ test. A) aptitude B) achievement C) standardized D) general intelligence Ans: B

35. Assessing current competence is to ________ tests as predicting future performance is to ________ tests. A) intelligence; standardized B) aptitude; achievement C) standardized; intelligence D) achievement; aptitude Ans: D

A) B)

36. Hereditary Genius is the title of a book authored by James Flynn. David Wechsler.

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C) D) Ans:

Francis Galton. Alfred Binet. C

37. Encouraging those of high intellectual ability to mate with one another was of most interest to A) Alfred Binet. B) William Stern. C) David Wechsler. D) Francis Galton. Ans: D

38. The French government commissioned Alfred Binet to develop an intelligence test that would A) demonstrate the innate intellectual superiority of western European races. B) effectively distinguish between reading and language disabilities. C) provide an objective measure of teaching effectiveness in the public school system. D) reduce the need to rely on teachers' biased judgments of students' learning potential. Ans: D

39. Intelligence tests were initially designed by Binet and Simon to assess A) academic aptitude. B) achievement. C) general intelligence. D) natural ability. Ans: A

40. In developing a test of intellectual ability for Parisian schoolchildren, Binet and Simon assumed that A) the test would measure inherited, unchangeable abilities. B) the test would yield an intelligence quotient consisting of chronological age divided by mental age multiplied by 100. C) a bright child would perform like a normal child of an older age. D) measures of physical and sensory skills would be good predictors of school achievement. Ans: C

41. Binet used the term mental age to refer to A) the average chronological age of children who completed a particular grade in

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B) C) D) Ans:

school. the years of formal education successfully completed by a child. the total number of items correctly answered on an intelligence test divided by the child's chronological age. the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of intelligence test performance. D

42. Six-year-old Julie performs on an intelligence test at the same level as an average 8year-old. Julie's mental age is A) 6. B) 7. C) 8. D) 133. Ans: C

43. Cindra achieved an intelligence test score of 100 on a current version of the StanfordBinet test. This indicates that relative to other adults her age her intellectual abilities A) are above average. B) are average. C) are below average. D) cannot be measured. Ans: B

44. Binet's recommendation of “mental orthopedics” highlighted the potential role of ________ in intellectual ability. Terman's sympathy with “eugenics” highlighted the potential role of ________ in intellectual ability. A) brain size; neural processing speed B) biological inheritance; educational training C) nature; nurture D) educational training; biological inheritance Ans: D

45. Binet leaned toward an environmental explanation for level of intelligence and recommended ________ to help low-scoring children develop their attention span and self-discipline. A) eugenics B) mental orthopedics C) heredity D) age norms Ans: B

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46. Lewis Terman's widely used American revision of Binet's original intelligence test was the A) WISC. B) WAIS. C) Stanford-Binet. D) SAT. Ans: C

47. Who first introduced the term intelligence quotient? A) David Wechsler B) Alfred Binet C) Charles Spearman D) William Stern Ans: D

48. A 6-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 8-year-old was said to have an IQ of A) 75. B) 85. C) 125. D) 133. Ans: D

49. Sorina has a mental age of 10 and an IQ of 125 as measured by the Stanford-Binet. Sorina's chronological age is A) 6. B) 8. C) 9. D) 10. Ans: B

50. The original IQ formula would be LEAST appropriate for representing the intelligence test performance of A) kindergartners. B) grade school students. C) middle school students. D) university students. Ans: D

51. A survey of the history of intelligence testing reinforces the important lesson that

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A) B) C) D) Ans:

although science strives for objectivity, scientists can be influenced by their personal biases. the experiment is the most powerful tool available for examining cause-effect relationships. different theoretical perspectives on behavior may be complementary rather than competing. scientists are more concerned with the development of theory than with its practical application. A

52. The WAIS was designed for testing ________ intelligence, whereas the WISC was designed for testing ________ intelligence. A) children's; adults' B) analytical; natural C) adults'; children's D) Europeans'; North Americans' Ans: C

53. The test that provides separate verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed scores, as well as an overall intelligence score, is the A) WAIS. B) Stanford-Binet. C) SAT Reasoning Test. D) Achievement Test. Ans: A

54. One of the 15 subtests included in the latest edition of the ________ involves remembering and correctly sequencing a series of numbers and letters. A) SAT. B) GRE. C) WAIS. D) Stanford-Binet. Ans: C

55. Carlise's doctor suspects that she may have had a stroke. So, he has arranged for her to take a test that assesses her verbal comprehension. The test she is taking is the A) WAIS. B) Stanford-Binet. C) WISC. D) GRE. Ans: A

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56. Your score on the WAIS does not indicate how well you control your impulses or deal effectively with social conflict. This best illustrates that intelligence is A) impossible to measure with any reliability. B) unrelated to the speed of cognitive processing. C) a collection of distinctly different abilities. D) a joint function of nature and nurture. Ans: C

57. When a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative and pretested sample of people, the test is said to be A) reliable. B) standardized. C) valid. D) normally distributed. Ans: B

58. Dr. Walsh has designed a test to measure eleventh-graders' knowledge of American history. To ensure that the test represents eleventh-graders in the United States, he is standardizing the test by A) correlating their scores on two halves of the test. B) measuring its Flynn effect. C) giving it to a representative sample of eleventh-graders. D) establishing a criterion behavior to test. Ans: C

59. Dr. Zimmer has designed a test to measure golfers' knowledge of their sport's history. To interpret scores on it, he is presently administering the test to a representative sample of all golfers. Dr. Zimmer is clearly in the process of A) establishing the test's validity. B) establishing the Flynn effect. C) standardizing the test. D) establishing the test's reliability. Ans: C

60. The distribution of body weights in the general adult human population forms a(n) A) algorithm. B) normal curve. C) representative sample. D) standardized group. Ans: B

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61. A bell-shaped pattern that characterizes the distribution of a large sample of intelligence test scores is a graphic representation of A) the intelligence quotient. B) a normal curve. C) the Flynn effect. D) general intelligence. Ans: B

62. The normal curve is often described as A) circular. B) bell-shaped. C) standardized. D) nonsymmetrical. Ans: B

63. Dr. Benthem reports that the scores of 100 male and 100 female students on his new test of mechanical reasoning form a normal curve. From his statement we may conclude that A) the average male score was better than the average female score. B) the students were simply guessing at the answers. C) the average score on the test was 50 percent correct. D) relatively few students' scores deviated extremely from the groups' average score. Ans: D

64. About ________ percent of WAIS scores fall between 70 and 130. A) 30 B) 60 C) 70 D) 95 Ans: D

65. The widespread improvement in intelligence test performance during the past century is called A) the bell curve. B) the normal curve. C) standardization. D) the Flynn effect. Ans: D

66. The Flynn effect best illustrates that the process of intelligence testing requires up-todate

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A) B) C) D) Ans:

content validity. standardization samples. reliability indices. predictive validity. B

67. An increase in average intelligence test performance during the past decades would best illustrate why intelligence tests need A) to be revised for predictive validity. B) periodic restandardization. C) reliability indices. D) to be checked for content validity. Ans: B

68. A test is reliable if it measures what it claims to measure or predicts what it is supposed to predict. yields dependably consistent scores. has been standardized on a representative sample of all those who are likely to take the test. D) produces a normal distribution of scores. Ans: B A) B) C)

69. Researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on alternate forms of the same test in order to measure the ________ of the test. A) content validity B) predictive validity C) normal distribution D) reliability Ans: D

70. Dr. Bronfman has administered her new 100-item test of abstract reasoning to a large sample of students. She is presently comparing their scores on the odd-numbered questions with those on the even-numbered questions in an effort to A) determine the test's validity. B) determine the test's reliability. C) standardize the test. D) provide a normal distribution of scores. Ans: B

71. Andrea is conducting a study measuring the effectiveness of a new drug to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). She has to select a scale that will consistently

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A) B) C) D) Ans:

provide objective data about OCD symptoms on a weekly basis. Andrea needs the scale to provide consistent results that gradually change only in response to the positive effects of the drug. Andrea needs a scale with good standardization. predictive validity. reliability. content validity. C

72. Raul has taken the GRE three times and his scores varied by only 10 points each time. Raul's test scores reflect the GRE's A) standardization. B) predictive validity. C) reliability. D)...